...Case Study 1: Monsanto Attempts to Balance Stakeholder Interests This case involves Monsanto, the world’s largest seed company. This is no ordinary seed company, it specializes in the genetic manipulation of organisms, known as biotechnology. Weeds, insects, and drought have been a huge issue for farmers. Herbicides and pesticides were creators to keep pests off of plants, however, applying them proved to be expensive and time consuming. Monsanto answered this problem by creating seeds that contained the herbicide Roundup, which kills weeds without harming the crops themselves. These types of genetically modified (GM) seeds were just the beginning. Drought-tolerant seeds were also created for dry area such as Africa. Opponents of genetically modified crops have various reasons for believing that these products will have a negative effect on the people and insects that consume it. Monsanto has a history of unethical cultures that have had a negative effect on many stakeholders such as the environment, plants, animals and humans. The benefits of growing genetically modified seeds for crops do not seem to outweigh the negative consequences of using them. In an effort to manage the potential harm to plant and animal life from using products such as Roundup, Monsanto should adhere to the code of ethics and follow the EPA’s guidelines. “Ethical culture is acceptable behavior as defined by the company and industry” (Ferrell, Fraedrich, & Ferrell, p. 15). Monsanto’s seems to have...
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...A Review of Literature Related to Oil Spill Dispersants 1997-2008 for Prince William Sound Regional Citizens’ Advisory Council (PWSRCAC) Anchorage, Alaska by Merv Fingas Spill Science Edmonton, Alberta PWSRCAC Contract Number - 955.08.03 Disclaimer: The opinions expressed in this PWSRCAC-commissioned report are not necessarily those of PWSRCAC September, 2008 ii Abstract This report is a review of the literature on oil spill dispersants published from 1997 to August, 2008. The report identifies and focusses on recent advances in dispersant effectiveness, toxicity, and biodegradation. Other topics such as application, use, behaviour and fate are also covered. The prime motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact of oil on shorelines, thus the application must be successful and effectiveness high. As some oil would come ashore, discussion remains on what effectiveness is required to significantly reduce the shoreline impact. A major issue is the actual effectiveness during spills so that these values can be used in estimates for the future. The second motivation for using dispersants is to reduce the impact on birds and mammals on the water surface. The benefits of using dispersants to reduce impacts on wildlife still remain unknown. The third motivation for using dispersants is to promote the biodegradation of oil in the water column. The effect of dispersants on biodegradation is still a matter of dispute. Some papers state that dispersants inhibit...
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...feel. They are in no position to give their consent to have experiments preformed on them. These animals are living creatures as we are and they should be treated as such. They deserve a loving, caring, and safe place to call home. As I researched this topic I came across a lot of material about the testing of cosmetics on animals. I guess people are blind to the fact that it is not just cosmetics that are tested on animals but household products and many other substances as well. “In the cosmetics and household products research, painful experiments are carried out on hundreds of thousands of animals every year around the world, including dogs, rabbits, pigs, mice, rats, guinea-pigs, fish and birds. This includes tests for skin or eye irritation, skin sensitization (allergy), toxicity (poisoning), mutagenicity (genetic damage), teratogenicity (birth defects), carcinogenicity (causing cancer), embryonic or fetal genetic damage and toxic kinetics (to study the absorption, metabolism, distribution and excretion of the substance).” Sometimes these poor animals go blind during the tests for eye irritation and/or die during or after a procedure. I think I would go crazy if a scientist sprayed a substance in my eyes that could make me go blind. I cannot even...
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...world’s largest freshwater system (TEACH). Including Lake Erie, Michigan, Huron, Superior, and Ontario, the five lakes are an important source of fresh water and are home to many species of wildlife. However, with the belief that water could dilute any substance, the lakes also became a destination of dumping grounds for many different types of pollutants. Ranging from point source pollution such as industrial waste from drainage pipes to non-point source pollution like pesticide and fertilizer runoff from farms, these pollutants and others have had adverse effects on the lakes. Such adverse effects include reducing the water quality, contaminating soils, and damaging the lake ecosystems. This damage produces harmful repercussions on the fish and wildlife stocks, and to the humans surrounding the Great Lakes region as well. To observe this, we will analyze the tissue concentrations in lake trout of four influential pollutants in Lake Huron, to see if there is a correlation to the total biomass of the lake trout. BACKGROUND Sources of Pollution in the Great Lakes Point-source pollution refers to a direct source of pollution, such as a pipe or other vessel. Early industries like pulp and paper companies located in the Great Lakes region believed that anything could be dissolved in water, and thus neutralized. As a result, many wastes (such as mercury) were dumped into the Great Lakes. There have also been observations of fecal matter pollution from sewage, which results...
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...what the harsh realities of animal testing really are, the brutality the animals go through, and a way to change it for the better in many aspects. Animal testing is an issue that many people (with a heart) disagree with, especially since there are more accurate alternatives. This picture puts together words that lab animals cant (Miss). Introduction One Mississippi, Two Mississippi, Three Mississippi. Every three seconds a precious animal dies in a laboratory setting. Animal testing is one of the most common branches of testing and research in the world today. Some in favor of animal experimentation justify it by saying they’re taking animals’ lives to save humans. Scientists who agree with animal testing usually cut the vocal chords out of the animal or sew their jaws shut; but is this the only way to obtain concrete results? Is it really necessary to subject an animal’s life while simply testing lip-gloss or shampoo? These laboratory animals are used as disposable test tubes, resulting in unnecessary, excruciating pain and avoidable death; even when there are more accurate alternatives. Background Animals were chosen to be tested because their bodies are extremely similar to humans. Mice and rats, rabbits, bird, fish, dogs, cats and monkeys are the most common...
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...A technical paper presentation On NANO Mercury Power Plant (Non Conventional /Renewable) ABSTRACT: power plant is used to production of electricity by so many methods like hydro power plant,nuclear power plant ,gas turbinre plant combined cycle power plant, solar power plant, wind power plant, tidal power plant, diesel generator, petrol generator, this all are power plant run by fuel and generate electricity. i am introducing new type and technology power plant MERCURY: It's the only common metal which is liquid at ordinary temperatures. Mercury is sometimes called quicksilver. It is a heavy, silvery-white liquid metal. It is a rather poor conductor of heat if compared with other metals but it is a fair conductor of electricity. It alloys easily with many metals, such as gold, silver, and tin. These alloys are called amalgams. The most important mercury salts are mercuric chloride HgCl2 (corrosive sublimate - a violent poison), mercuric chloride Hg2Cl2 (calomel, still used in medicine occasionally), mercury fulminate...
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...Test One Review Chapter One 1. 10 Reasons for food choices: a. Personal preferences b. Habit c. Ethnic heritage or tradition d. Social interactions e. Availability, convenience, economy f. Positive and negative associations g. Emotional comfort h. Values i. Body weight and image j. Nutrition and health benefits 2. 6 Classes of nutrients: a. Carbohydrates: 4 kcals/gram b. Proteins: 4 Kcals/gram c. Lipids: 9 kcals/gram d. Vitamins e. Minerals f. Water 3. Define: a. Essential nutrients: nutrients a person must obtain from food because the body cannot make them for itself in sufficient quantity to meet physiological needs; also called indispensable nutrients. About 40 nutrients are currently known to be essential for human beings. b. Calorie: units by which energy is measured. Food energy is measured in kilocalories. c. Kilocalorie: one kcal is the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of 1 kilogram of water 1 degree C. d. Nutrient: chemical substances obtained from food and used in the body to provide energy, structural materials, and regulating agents to support growth, maintenance, and repair of the body’s tissues. Nutrients may also reduce the risks of some diseases. e. Nutrition: the science of foods and the nutrients and other substances they contain, and of their actions within the body (including ingestion, digestion, absorption, transport, metabolism, and excretion). A broader definition includes the social economic, cultural...
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...Petrochemicals and their byproducts, such as dioxin, are known to cause an array of serious health problems, including cancers and endocrine disruption. Of the more than 75,000 chemicals registered with the Environmental Protection Agency, only a fraction have gone through complete testing to find out whether they might cause problems for human health. Many that are produced in enormous quantities have never been tested at all. Usually, it takes dramatic episodes of workplace injuries or wildlife poisonings, combined with rigorous scientific proof of harm and public outcry, before the government will act to restrict or ban any chemical. And that is no accident. The current regulatory system allows synthetic chemicals into our lives unless proven beyond doubt to be dangerous. Terms Dioxins are not intentionally manufactured. They are unintentionally formed as byproducts of chemical processes involving chlorine, such as the manufacture of pesticides and the bleaching of paper. The manufacture and incineration of plastics such as polyvinyl chloride (PVC, commonly used in consumer product packaging and medical devices) is another major source of dioxin. Two of the most serious health effects of dioxin exposure are cancer and endocrine disruption. The endocrine system is a complex network of glands and hormones that regulate many of the body's functions including growth, development, and maturation, and the way various organs operate. The endocrine glands –- including the pituitary...
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...Genetically Modified foods - Evils or Friends Genetically Modified Foods (or GM foods) are produced from organisms in which specific changes are introduced into their DNA through the methods of genetic engineering. Genetically Modified crops are available commercially since 1994. Majority of the gene modification of foods have primarily focused on cash crops which are in high demand such as soybean, corn, canola, and cotton seed oil. These crops have been engineered for resistance to pathogens and herbicides and better nutrient profiles (Wikipedia). According to an article by author Robert Shields, more than 26 percent of the cotton, 40 percent of the soybean acreage in the US was planted with GM crops containing gene for herbicide resistance by the year 1998. The application of Agri-biotechnology has increased by 60 fold since 1996 and by 2015 it is predicted that in about 40 countries more than 200 million hectares of lands will be planted by biotech crops (Maghari 1). The invention of agricultural biotechnology has caused social and ethical contradictions. There are extensive debates active in scientific circles as to how modern biotechnology can be used for planting high quality of high yield crops to meet the challenge of feeding the ever increasing population while protecting the ecosystem and human health. Genetically Modified Foods (GM Foods) have made a big splatter in the news lately. Environmental organizations and public interest groups have been actively protesting...
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...NAME_______________________________________ DIET STUDY PROJECT Gender: M / F Height:________________ Current Weight:_____________ Age:_________ Activity Level:______________________ Make sure you SAVE a copy OF YOUR ASSIGNMENT for your file. this must be sumbitted with your assignment. |CRITERIA-Rubric |COMMENTS | |ASSIGNMENT TURNED IN ON TIME | | |No points for late submission. | | |All REQUIRED FORMS MUST BE TURNED IN the Dropbox in D2L one iProfile| | |pdf file (from iProfile report wizard that includes: Macronutrient | | |Distribution, Food Journal Summary, Intake compared to DRI, Intake | | |Spreadsheet, MyPlate, and Activity Journal Summary), AND this Diet | | |Study Project document-MSWord doc...
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...Ethical Issues in Transgenic Mice and the Benefits on Human Welfare Presently, there has been a breakthrough in molecular biology with engineering transgenic animals. Transgenic animals are animals that carry genes from another species. This technology has created transgenic animals such as mice, rats, horses, chickens, goats, pigs, sheep and cows. The use of this technology brings with it ethical issues. This issue needs to be considered by stakeholders, to ensure that all parties are aware of the issues at stake and can make a valid contribution to this current debate regarding the creation and use of genetically engineered animals. Even though there have been many ethical issues surrounding transgenic animals it has benefited humans’ health and could cure various diseases. The majority of transgenic animals that were produced were mice, which is the animal that started this technology. The first successful transgenic animal was the mice via viral infection in the 1970’s. During the 1980’s the first transgenic mice via microinjection, which is the most performed technique. In 1985, the first transgenic sheep, rabbits, pigs and cattle were created, and in the 1990’s transgenic farm animal companies were seen as bioreactors and organ donors. The main logic of genetically altering animals is some transgenic animals are produced for specific economic traits. An example could be that a transgenic goat was created to produce milk containing specific human proteins that led to the...
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...“Rate Your Plate” HWE 100 Human Nutrition - PERSONAL DIET EVALUATION PROJECT The purpose of this project is to put theory into practice by examining your food intake and making decisions about your eating habits. To begin the project, keep a record of your food and beverage intake for three typical days. Write down what you eat and drink and the quantity of each food or drink consumed. Keep another record of one day of your activities (24 hour period). Write down your activities and the time spent on each throughout your day. Include time sleeping or sitting quietly – all activities, including sedentary ones, burn calories. Use the website: choosemyplate.gov and the “Super Tracker” feature to analyze your diet and physical activity. Create a profile for yourself and enter your foods and beverages (item and quantity consumed) for analysis. Substitute a food of similar nutrient content if you can’t find a match within the database. Or, enter ingredients separately for mixed food items. For example, a taco might have: a corn shell, beef, lettuce, cheese, tomatoes etc. See the last page of this document for more detailed instructions for setting up your profile within Super Tracker. Enter your 24 hours of activity into the “Activity Tracker” portion of the program. Refer to the Rate Your Plate Grading Guidelines Rubric for specific grading information for this project – attached at the end of this document. The time required to complete the diet...
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...DANTES Environmental costs and environmental impacts in a chemical industry eLCC and LCA on two colorants Stefan Bengtsson & Li Sjöborg Product Stewardship & Sustainability Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry April 2004 Preface This report is the result of our master thesis work at Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg. The project was performed at Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry Sweden and at the department of Environmental System Analysis (ESA) at Chalmers. Sver ker Molander at ESA and Karin Sanne at Akzo Nobel have been the supervisors for this thesis work and we’d like to thank both of them for their support and their many good ideas. Additional thanks goes to the employees at Akzo Nobel Surface Chemistry Support Unit Sweden and to everyone we have been in contact with when collecting data to this thesis. Thank you! Göteborg, May 2004 Stefan Bengtsson Li Sjöborg Summary As the awareness of environmental problems increases so does the demands and guidelines from legislations and customers that deal with the environmental problems of the industries products and manufacturing processes. For a large international chemical company such as Akzo Nobel these increasing demands lead to costs for administrative work, taxes, testing, additional staff and investments. The aim of this study is to determine the properties of these “environmental costs” for the products of a chemical company. The study has focused on the production of two colorants. A surfactant (Berol 09)...
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...ALLERGY TESTING Perennial allergies result from airborne substances that are present all-year-round such as house dust. This causes congestion, an itchy nose that may also run, and itchy mouth and throat. House dust may contain mould and fungal spores, fibres of fabric, animal dander, dust mites, and bits of insects. Cockroach particles are often the cause of allergic reactions. Because more time is spent indoors during cold times of the year, allergic reactions are likely to be more severe in the winter. Perennial allergies usually cause allergic rhinitis symptoms but rarely allergic conjunctivitis. Allergic conjunctivitis may develop due to substances being introduced into the eye, such as eye drops or cream used to treat eye disorders, cosmetics such as eyeliner, mascara or face powder, and hair dye. The cleaning solutions used to clean contact lenses may cause reactions. Antihistamines are given to relieve the symptoms, but the person may have to take them 12 months of the year. Anaphylactic shock is the most extreme form of reaction and it can be fatal in not treated medically immediately. Anaphylaxis develops suddenly, the face, lips, tongue and airways start to swell, cutting off respiration. Anxiety, tightness in the chest and difficulty breathing are also present. Blood vessels begin to dilate (widen) causing a severe drop in blood pressure, this may lead to unconsciousness and shock. What to do if a client, or someone near you, suffers an allergic reaction: ...
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...poisonous or otherwise harmful substance that is not an inherent natural constituent of the food itself, in an amount that poses a reasonable possibility of injury to health, or (2) a substance that is an inherent natural constituent of the food itself; is not the result of environmental, agricultural, industrial, or other contamination; and is present in an amount that ordinarily renders the food injurious to health. The first includes, for example, a toxin produced by a fungus that has contaminated a food, or a pathogenic bacterium or virus, if the amount present in the food may be injurious to health. An example of the second is the tetrodotoxin that occurs naturally in some organs of some types of pufferfish and that ordinarily will make the fish injurious to health. In either case, foods adulterated with these agents are prohibited from being introduced, or offered for introduction, into interstate commerce. Our scientific understanding of pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins is continually advancing....
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