...mosquitoes are food for fish, and mosquitoes help pollinate some flowers, when they consume nectar. In contrast, mosquitoes make people annoyed and cause many diseases. World Health Organization (2016) explains that the mosquito is the greatest menace which causes many diseases and they are responsible for more than million deaths and cases every year. There are many diseases that cause by mosquitoes but the diseases are commonly found and get people’s attention such...
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...Disease in the News West Nile Virus Disease in the News – West Nile Virus The West Nile virus made its deadly debut in New York City September 27, 1999. The virus had never been seen in the Western Hemisphere of the United States. It is said to be usually found in Africa and Europe. When it made its debut, it was first believed to have been the St. Louis encephalitis. Experts at the Federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) have confirmed the virus to be West Nile. Nearly twice as many people in the New York region have been stricken by the mosquito borne illness as earlier recognized (Fish, 1999). The outbreak of the West Nile had New Yorkers shocked that a mosquito bite could be so deadly. During the time of the outbreak, there were 37 confirmed cases of the West Nile virus in New Yorkers. Twenty-five of these New Yorkers were from New York City, eight from Westchester County, and four from Nassau County. Although there are confirmed cases, 162 cases were still under investigation and eight deaths had doctors still studying the tissue and blood of the victims (Albany Times Union, 1999). There are 70 types of mosquitoes living in New York, but only 30 of them carry the virus. The West Nile virus outbreak stemmed from prolonged drought, which produced a large supply of the northern house mosquito, Culex pipiens. The Culex pipiens lives near people but generally feeds on birds. This particular mosquito is efficient at transmitting certain viruses...
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...partner. 3) Use condom during sex 4) Education about the disease. Gonorrhea is a contagious disease transmitted through sexual contact with an infected person. Gonorrhea may also be spread by contact with infected bodily fluids. For example, a mother could pass on the infection to her newborn during childbirth. Both men and women can get gonorrhea. The infection is easily spread and occurs most often in people who have many sex partners. Gonorrhea can be controlled by: 1) Keeping to one sexual partner 2) Treatment by using antibiotics e.g. penicillin. 3) Abstain from engaging in any form of sexual activity until your doctor has told you that the gonorrhea infection has cleared up. 4) Remain in close communication with your doctor throughout the treatment process. Implications of Sexually Transmitted Infections People with AIDS may be scorned and alienated from society. The family of an infected person suffers emotionally and financially. Cost of caring and treating for those affected by the virus is high especially in countries where a high percentage of the population is infected. Reduction in workforce resulting in loss of valuables. Examples of Sexually Transmitted Infections include: AIDS: Causative agent- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Prevention- Use a...
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...Aeromonas Hydrophila: The Improbable Culprit Edwin Myrick Abstract This study examines the structure and influences of Aeromonas Hydrophila, as a stand-alone bacterium and as it contribute to Necrotizing Fasciitis. Aeromonas Hydrophila impacts both aquatic life and humans, although the infection is not commonly known. This study examines those influences and explores medical case studies where individuals experienced illness, amputation, and even death. Aeromonas Hydrophila: The Improbable Culprit As the summer months begin to elevate the mercury level, nature’s creeks and streams provide cooling entertainment from the elements. People have long used these waterways for recreation activities, such as fishing, walking, swimming, and canoeing; unsuspecting of the dangers. Most bacteria are harmless, but certain types can cause complications and disease. The flesh eating bacteria Aeromonas Hydrophila, can create unthinkable devastation through minor cuts and scratches; causing sickness, amputation, and even death. The world has thousands of micro-living organisms called bacteria, these unicellular microorganisms have cell walls, but no structured nucleus, some of these microorganisms can cause disease (Hogan, 2005). Thousands of bacteria inhibit our environment every day, many of them unidentified but not all of them are unhealthy. Bacterial cells consist of shapes; spherical, rodlike, spiral, helical, and comm-shaped (Lerner, 2005). The...
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...Mantesh TABLE OF CONTENTS Cure Tooth Decay Book Description Foreword By Timothy Gallagher D.D.S. President of the Holistic Dental Association Introduction 100% Real Dental Healing Testimonials Leroy from Utah Ms. Steuernol from Alberta , Canada Mike from Ashland , Oregon Pioneering Tooth Cavity Remineralization CHAPTER 1 DENTISTRY'S INABILITY TO CURE CAVITIES Reaffirm Your Choice to Cure Your Cavities The Real Cause of Cavities Remembering Your Connection Fear of the Dentist How Conventional Dentistry Works Micro-organisms Conventional Dentistry’s Losing Battle Against Bacteria The Failure of Conventional Dentistry Chapter 1 References CHAPTER 2 DENTIST WESTON PRICE DISCOVERS THE CURE Lack of Nutrition is the Cause of Physical Degeneration The Healthy People of the Loetschental Valley, Switzerland Modern Swiss were Losing Their Health The Healthy People of the Outer Hebrides Gaelics on Modern Foods are Losing Their Health Genetics and Tooth Decay Aborigines of Australia Nutritive Values of Diets Compared Fat-soluble Vitamins and Activators Mantesh Why Tooth Decay with Modern Civilization? Weston Price's Tooth Decay Curing Protocol Dr. Price's Protocol Summarized Chapter 2 References CHAPTER 3 MAKE YOUR TEETH STRONG WITH FAT-SOLUBLE VITAMINS How Teeth Remineralize 101 Hormones and Tooth Decay Cholesterol The Miracle of Vitamin D Vital Fat-Soluble Vitamin A Cod Liver Oil Heals Cavities Weston Price’s Activator X More Fat-Soluble...
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...countries worldwide, predominately in humid tropical areas of Asia, Latin America and Africa. (Infection, 2003) The disease may also occur in temperate climates like those found in the coastal regions of southeastern Australia. It is the third most common mycobacterial infection in immunocompetent people in the endemic regions. There are an increasing number of cases in West Africa, where the disease has surpassed leprosy and tuberculosis in some regions. Buruli ulcer is caused by an infection with Mycobacterium ulcerans that involves the skin and subcutaneous adipose tissue that mainly affects children between the ages of 5 and 15. (Wansbrough-Jones & Phillips, 2006). It typically presents itself as a painless subcutaneous nodule that ulcerates approximately 70-100% of the time. (World Health Organization, 2007) There are other pre-ulcerative forms of the disease such as papules that affect the skin, plaques, which are large, firm, painless raised lesions and oedema, which is the severe form of the disease. The first reported case of Buruli ulcer is thought to have been as far back as 1897 in Uganda. Sir Albert Cook described cases of chronic ulceration in Africa at that time but the disease was not published until 1948. It was then reported in two Australian children and four adults in an area in Bairnsdale, Victoria that demonstrated the lesions in several different stages of infection. (Wansbrough-Jones & Phillips, 2006) It was not until 1965 that it was discovered that there...
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...48 hours (Biology Notes… 1983). Mosquitoes are vectors of numerous diseases. Aedes aegypti, a domestic mosquito living in close association with humans, is the primary vector of yellow fever and is also a potential vector of dog heartworm, Murray Valley encephalitis and Ross River viruses (Zettel and Kauffman 2008; Russell 1996). Moreover, it is the principal vector of dengue viruses in tropical and subtropical regions throughout the world (Luz and others 2008). The dengue viruses acquired from the said species are known to cause an estimated 50 million human infections annually (Olson and others [date unknown]). Dengue cases in Iloilo province has been reported to reach 4,825 with 27 deaths from January 1 to September 18, 2010 (The News Today 2010). Humans acquire the diseases carried by Ae. aegypti through mosquito bites. Since there is no effective vaccine for the control of these diseases, prevention of these bites is used as an alternative control (Tawatsin and others 2006). Furthermore, the control of these diseases depends on reduction and elimination of Ae. aegypti (Olson and others [date unknown]). Nowadays, the Philippine government relies on direct applications of aerosol insecticides, fogging, and ovitraps to prevent Aedes aegypti proliferation (Official Gazette [date unknown]; Philippine Daily Inquirer 2010). Aerosol insecticides are available in handy canister form and are simply sprayed (Olson and others [date unknown]). In most countries in Southeast Asia,...
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...again. There are plenty of viruses, fungi, parasites, and chemicals in the world that affect the brain already and could cause such a thing to happen. The “zombie” wouldn’t be eating brains but it would want to spread the virus. Who is to say that a virus cannot mutate into something horrendous. This essay will show you that there are viruses, fungi, parasites, and chemicals that either can or have the potential to make people or animals into walking dead. Where did the idea of zombies come from? Zombies originated in Haiti as a sort of voodoo slave labor. What would happen was the person would be fed or rubbed with a mixture of the skin of the common toad and puffer fish. The skin of the common toad can actually kill people but the important part of it is that it is an incredibly strong pain killer. The puffer fish is extremely poisonous. It puts you in a coma in a near death state. People in Haiti are buried very soon after death and would be in the ground in less than 8 hours. The “dead person” would be dug up and fed datura, a plant with mind blowing after affects. According to Scientist Karl Kruszelnicki “Datura breaks your links with reality, and then destroys all recent memories. So you don't know what day it is, where you are and, worst of all, you don't even know who you are. The zombies are in a state of semi-permanent induced psychotic delirium.” (Kruszelnicki abc.net) These brainwashed and once “dead” people would be sold in to slavery and obey whatever their master...
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...Rosalyn P. Bataller 302-A Sir Cafirma TABLE OF SPECIFICATION COMPREHENSION TEST IN SCIENCE FOR GRADE 4 KNOWLEDGE KNOWLEDGE OBJECTIVES | No. of recitation Days | No. of items | Percentage of items | Item Placement | 1. Identify the parts of Skeletal System and their function. | 5 | 5 | 10% | 1-5 | 2. Define Skeletal System. | 1 | 1 | 2% | 6 | 3. Describe the different function of muscles. | 9 | 9 | 18% | 7-15 | COMPREHENSION COMPREHENSION 4. Identify the parts of Digestive System and their function. | 2 | 2 | 4% | 16-17 | 5. Explain the importance of keeping the digestive system healthy. | 2 | 2 | 4% | 18-19 | 6. Give a common ailment of the Digestive System. | 1 | 1 | 2% | 20 | APPLICATION APPLICATION 7. Discover an example of animals that begin life inside their mother’s body and animals that lay eggs. | 5 | 5 | 10% | 21-25 | 8. Identify the stages in the life cycle of a frog and butterflies. | 5 | 5 | 10% | 26-30 | ANALYSIS ANALYSIS 9. Experiment how are Animals useful to us. | 4 | 4 | 8% | 31-34 | SYNTHESIS SYNTHESIS 10. Explain how are AnimalsHarmful to us. | 5 | 5 | 12% | 35-40 | EVALUATION EVALUATION 11. Proper care and handling of animals. | 11 | 11 | 20% | 41-50 | TOTAL | 50 | 50 | 100% | | Rosalyn P. Bataller 302-A ...
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...The Effects of Zoonotic Diseases Case Study #13 April 17, 2011 Zoonosis refers to an infectious disease in animals that can be transmitted to people. An animal serves as the natural reservoir for such an infectious agent, ("MedTerms," 2001). Many zoonoses, which is simply the plural meaning of zoonosis, including viruses, bacteria, and parasites can be transmitted to humans by various routes. Some of these routes consist of animal bites, vectors (i.e., insects), and animal-to-human contact (i.e., inhalation of respiratory droplets or skin-to-skin contact), (Bauman 613-14) & ("Infectious Diseases," 2009). Most emerging infections that have occurred world wide are said to be a zoonotic disease. Many of these diseases are fatal or have the potential to be fatal if not treated quickly and properly identified. An example of a zoonosis case that has the potential to arise annually is listed below: Case Study#13 “You work in a small family practice in rural VA. A man in his early 50’s comes in with a complaint of intermittent fever (102-103°F) and headache for the past two weeks. The physician examines him and takes a history. The only clinical finding is a wound about the size of a quarter on his right thumb. Axillary lymph nodes are swollen and tender. The man says he cut himself while skinning a rabbit three days ago. On the basis of these observations the physician prescribes streptomycin and asks the man to call if his symptoms don’t...
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...endemic throughout the tropical regions of the world, causing more than 300 million acute illnesses and at least one million deaths each year1 . Children under the age of 5 are particularly prone to infection, and, as a direct result of their immature immunity to disease, make up a dramatic proportion of the deaths each year. In Africa alone (where 90% of all malariaattributed deaths occur) this disease is responsible for the death of one child in 20 before the age of 52. In fact, malaria is the world’s leading cause of childhood mortality, killing one child every 30 seconds3 . Pregnant women and their unborn children are also particularly vulnerable to the disease which contributes to anaemia, premature birth and low birth weight whilst foreign travellers, who have often not developed immunity, represent another high-risk group.4 Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite, Plasmodium. Four species of Plasmodium can cause the disease in humans: P. vivax, P. ovale, P. malarinae and P.falciparum, which is by far the most deadly. The disease is vector-borne and is transmitted from one person to another by the bite of an infected Anopheles mosquito. The Plasmodium parasite has a complex life cycle. Malaria infection begins when an infected female Anopheles mosquito bites a person, injecting Plasmodium parasites, in the form of sporozoites, into the bloodstream. The sporozoites pass quickly into the human liver where they reproduce rapidly, each producing tens...
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...The Scoop on Zika MaKayla McCauley February 12, 2015 The Zika virus is a newly emerging virus that is derived from Aedes mosquitos, the virus was identified in 1947 in rhesus monkeys and identified in humans in 1952 out of Uganda. Zika is closely related to the dengue virus as well. The viruses infection has been seen as a virus that is only symptomatic in one out of five cases (WHO, 2016) The most common symptoms are fever, rash, red eyes, joint pain, muscle pain and headaches. The incubation period for the virus is unknown but is likely to be about a week. The symptoms are mild and only last a few days to a week, max. People who have recently traveled across the world are at most risk for contracting the virus, and spreading it back into the country via travel. According to the CDC, before the outbreaks occurred in the U.S. the virus was most prominently found in Africa, Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. In the U.S. the virus has spread across the states from the Eastern states of Connecticut to California however, not all states have been introduced to the virus. Thankfully, Kentucky hasn’t been hit yet, however on a recent news report I saw that a case had been reported in Indiana which is a little concerning for the upcoming spring and summer. Unfortunately, there has yet to be a vaccine that will help in taking preventative measures to control the virus as well as there is no real treatment for the virus, all you can do is treat the symptoms, kind of...
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...Contents Introduction 2 LO1 Understand the agents that cause food-borne illness and the contamination of food 3 1.1 Discuss the controls required to prevent physical and chemical contamination of food 3 1.2 Compare the characteristics of food poisoning and food-borne infections 4 1.3 Discuss how food-borne illnesses can be controlled 5 LO2. Understand the processes that can prevent food spoilage and preserve food quality 7 2.1 categorise the food-spoilage agents that affect food 7 2.2 Discuss methods of food preservation 8 2.3 Evaluate the effectiveness of food preservation methods 8 Lo3 Understand the importance of effective prevention systems in the control of food contamination 9 3.1 Discuss the key steps in a temperature control system 9...
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...poisonous or otherwise harmful substance that is not an inherent natural constituent of the food itself, in an amount that poses a reasonable possibility of injury to health, or (2) a substance that is an inherent natural constituent of the food itself; is not the result of environmental, agricultural, industrial, or other contamination; and is present in an amount that ordinarily renders the food injurious to health. The first includes, for example, a toxin produced by a fungus that has contaminated a food, or a pathogenic bacterium or virus, if the amount present in the food may be injurious to health. An example of the second is the tetrodotoxin that occurs naturally in some organs of some types of pufferfish and that ordinarily will make the fish injurious to health. In either case, foods adulterated with these agents are prohibited from being introduced, or offered for introduction, into interstate commerce. Our scientific understanding of pathogenic microorganisms and their toxins is continually advancing....
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...HEALTH GUIDES” © International Authors Bureau, 1999 all rights reserved 2 27 of the best health “tips” Contents Introduction..................................................................4 1. How to fight aging....................................................5 2. Are you anxious?......................................................6 3. Care for your heart while you sleep.........................7 4. How to avoid cancer caused by smoking.................8 5. Avoid eye problems caused by T.V. and mon.itors..9 6. How to beat asthma................................................10 7. Losing weight: The Pakistani method....................12 8. What todo when you get something in your eye....13 9. A few tricks for treating insect bites......................14 10. How to get rid of liver spots.................................15 11. Treat diarrhea without medication.......................16 12. Use seaweed to stimulate your immune system...17 13. How to prevent motion sickness - naturally.........18 14. The anti-allergy vitamin.......................................19 15. How to prevent Flatulence (Aerophagy)..............20 16. How to put an end to heartburn...........................21 27 of the best health “tips” 3 17. A miracle remedy.................................................22 18. Reducing your cholesterol....................................24 19. Digest better.........................................................26 20. Menstrual cramps - suffer no more...
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