...National Hazards: Floods Francis Lopez Cathedral High School Abstract Floods are very dangerous natural hazards. Every year they cost millions if not billions of dollars in damages, to people everywhere. They affect a lot of people worldwide. Floods can also be caused by a number of events. Snow melts, tropical storms, and dam or levee breaks are just a few of the causes of floods. Floods often cause damage to homes and businesses if they are in the natural flood plains of rivers. While river flood damage can be eliminated by moving away from rivers and other bodies of water, people have traditionally lived and worked by rivers because the land is usually flat and fertile and because rivers provide easy travel and access to commerce and industry. Although you can lessen the chance of floods occurring in your area by moving, floods can still occur everywhere and affect everyone. National Hazards: Floods Floods are one of the most dangerous natural disasters on Earth. Floods have cost humanity millions of dollars in damages and so much more. They are also very fatal. Every year, floods kill 6,753 people. While this may seem like a low number of deaths compared to car crashes or earthquakes but when other affects of floods are seen, Floods are seen as very dangerous disasters. They effect people from every part of the globe, effecting over 96,878,672 people and are caused by many things. In floods that result from snow melts, people in areas that are not close to...
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...Drozdik 1 Anna Drozdik Mrs. Chaney English 12 5 December 2011 Floods: An Archetype Every year many people are killed by one of nature’s great powers, floods. Many authors have used floods to depict a certain tone throughout the story. To truly understand this work of nature, one doesn’t have to look any farther than certain works of literature. The archetype of flooding is very prevalent in works such as “Noah and the Flood”, the “Epic of Gilgamesh”, “Deucalion”, and “Tata and Nena”. These literary works evoke a tone of fear, fury, strength, and how delicate life is. The first example of this power and fury comes from the story “Noah and the Flood”. In this story the flood shows the tone of how delicate life is. A good example of this is “All existence on earth was blotted out- man, cattle, creeping things, and birds of the sky;...” (“Noah and the Flood 62). This shows that this specific flood was able to kill anything in its path. Usually a flood kills some living things, but this one was so great that it was able to kill every living thing that existed on earth, thus proving that life is very delicate. Another great literary work, the Epic of Gilgamesh also shows a fine example of what floods are able to do to the world. For instance, the flood in this tale displays how much fear Drozdik 2 can be instilled on people as the flood passes through. “Even the gods were terrified at the flood, they fled to the highest heaven…” (Sandars 30) is a quote that enables...
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...Name : Anis Khoiriyyah NIM : 20100420226 Class : English IV – H Topic : Natural Disaster Theme : Keep Our Environment to Prevent Devastating Floods Introduction Assalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb. Good morning, ladies and gentlemen Please take a moment, I want to ask you about this question. Have you ever throw the trash out of place? In your home? In the canteen? In the river? Or even in your environment at this time? Do you know that it can makes the environment is damage? Possibly you think that it is a trivial, but in many cases it can be disastrous for us. How terrible is it? What I want to do this morning is to talk to you about the need to care for our environment to prevent devastating floods. First, I will explain the importance of protecting the environment. Then, I will recommend two ways of protecting the environment to prevent further devastating floods. Finally, I will summarize my presentation. Body Ladies and gentlemen... Not only has many tropical forests which are sources of nature, but also Indonesia has many rivers that serve to accommodate the rain water. The floods are happen because of own human-made which ignore the nature conservation. So we must to take care of environment, so that it will be friendly to us. There are two efforts which should be done by all the people to take care of environment. The first, we must not throw away trash anywhere, especially in the river which can disturb the flowing of the water. Now, most of all the people...
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...city with my scientific analysis, conclusions, and provide recommendations concerning potential flood damages. METHOLODOGY The methodology used was to utilize the Recurrence Interval formula (R) = (N+1)/M, to determine the recurrence interval and magnitude of historical floods provided on the Stream Gauge Data of Peak Flood Discharges on Clearwater River in Hazard City. Also, I reviewed the flood insurance map to determine areas of floodplains and I utilized the topographic map of Hazard City to compare with the flood insurance map and to make my own conclusions regarding the geographical areas at most risk. Lastly, I used the discharge-frequency curve data and graph to determine the discharge of a 75-year flood in Hazard City. DATA STREAM GAUGE AND DISCHARGE FREQUENCY CURVE YEAR DISCHARGE M R The data from the Stream Gauge Worksheet helped to prepare the Discharge-Frequency Curve. The Stream Gauge Data worksheet was also useful in determining the magnitude as well as to conclude the recurrence interval of each Peak Flood Discharge. CONCLUSION My scientific assumption based on the data is that areas closest to the Palouse River and Clearwater River will have the most issues with overbank flow, or flooding (Keller, 2008, p. 264). Since the areas of Point Park and Riverside are floodplains, it is hypothetical that those areas would flood the worst. However, the railroad would also be inundated by flooding which would seriously damage...
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...FLOOD IN MALAYSIA Contents INTRODUCTION 2 OPINION 3 CONCLUSION 5 INTRODUCTION Flood is an overflow of water that submerges the surface of land that consist of residential areas. Basically people in Malaysia will experience flood every year and flood always occur at the end of the year and it is happen because of heavy rain that could increase the level of river and sea. At the end of last December, Malaysian citizen has been shocked with the occurring of massive flood in the coastal area of east for a month. The flood was declared as the worst flood happen in Malaysia and it affect a lot of Malaysian people. Refer to the statistic, the flood have affect more than 100,000 people and 21 of the victim were killed. The citizen of Malaysia in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang was affected more than the other state of Malaysia. As in statistic, 3390 citizen of Kelantan have to move because of their living place condition was not safe and it was damaged badly. The total victim in Kelantan was record the highest which is 24,765 victim. In Terengganu, there were about 4209 citizen had to leave their home due to the condition and to save their live. The total of victim in Terengganu was 21,606. At Pahang, the victim is not as many as Kelantan and Terengganu but the victim recorded also high which is 10,825. The flood also affect many infrastructure in Kelantan, Terengganu and Pahang. It give a lot of loss to the state and it used lot of funds to recover back the damaged...
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...Managing the Flood Disaster The human race thinks it is so far advanced that it can come up with ways to handle the flooding water and minimize the amount of damage caused to the flood area. This essay is going to look at what we are trying to do to cause the flood water to cause less damage when it does flood. First we are going to look at creating green areas to help with the flood. Then we are going to look at what caused the Katrina flood to cause that much damage. Finally we will look at what effect trying to manage a flood could damage. Nature has a way of reclaiming the man-made things that the human race tries to build to protect our cities from nature’s disasters. According to (Fields) the political efforts to rebuild New Orleans after Katrina are still going on today. His article tries to explain the need for “Green Space” in an area that has been devastated by floods. Several different groups of people feel that if some of the low areas of the Katrina flood were turned in to natural green areas and not rebuilt with homes or business that area would help protect the area if another flood happened. Many other feel that the area should be rebuilt and used by the people that were flooded out during the storm. The city of New Orleans is almost entirely in a flood zone and only real way to safely rebuild the city is to bring the level of the city above sea level. That is a task that is almost impossible to accomplish. The politics behind rebuilding...
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...MINISTRY OF WATER AND IRRIGATION Flood Mitigation Strategy June 2009 Flood Mitigation Strategy TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLESLIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................ iii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................iv 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background ............................................................................................................. 1 1.2 Methodology ........................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Strategy for Integrated Flood Management .............................................................. 3 2.0 SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS .................................................................................... 5 2.1 Institutional Arrangements....................................................................................... 5 2.1.1 Organizational Structure of the Ministry of Water and Irrigation .....................5 2.1.2 Flood Related Legislative Arrangement ............................................................ 5 2.1.3 Disaster Management......................................................................................6 2.2 History of floods in Kenya ....................................................................................... 6 ...
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...Flood is defined as the over-flowing by water of the normal confines of a stream or other body of water, or the accumulation of water by drainage over areas that are not normally submerged (WMO, 1990). It is an unavoidable natural phenomenon occurring from time to time in all rivers and natural drainage systems which creates damages on properties, natural resources and people (Kumar and Santosh, 2015). In Ethiopia, a major river basin that has serious flood problems is the Awash River basin located in the Rift Valley. About 200,000-250,000 ha. is subject to flooding during high flows of the Awash River. The other rivers where significant floods occur are Wabi-Shebelle River in southeastern Ethiopia near the Somali border and Baro-Akobo/Sobat River in western...
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...statement to the title page of my paper, I certify that I have not cheated or plagiarized in the process of completing this assignment. If it is found that cheating and/or plagiarism did take place in the writing of this paper, I understand the possible consequences of the act/s, which could include expulsion from Indiana Wesleyan University. The Flood of 2008 June 7, 2008 was a day like no other that Columbus, Indiana residents could recall. Torrential showers inundated the area with 10 inches of rain onto already saturated ground. This event would forever change the lives of hundreds of citizens of this small central Indiana town. The flood caused an estimated $180 million in damage to Bartholomew County homes and businesses, many of them in Columbus (McLaughlin, 2010). This piece details the response efforts of citizens, as well as local, state, and federal agencies. This paper includes the personal account of a law enforcement officer who, working alongside fellow officers, citizens, and business owners, responded to a flash flood that has since been referred to as the hundred year flood. Also included is the recollection of a flood survivor who nearly lost everything he owned. In addition, preventive measures which were in place in the event of such a disaster are evaluated, as are mitigation efforts that are currently coming to fruition. The flooding occurred at such a fast pace there was no time to prepare and there was little, if any, warning for the citizens of Columbus...
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...WHAT IS FLOOD? CAUSES OF FLOOD AND CONTROL According to Merrian-Websters Dictionary, Flood is a rising and overflowing of a body of water especially onto normally dry land. It could also be defined as condition of overflowing rivers or water, especially over land not usually submerged. In other words flood is said to have occurred when there is excess water surpassing the limits of it confines. In Ghana flood is one of the most devastating natural disasters which impact negatively on the life and properties of people. For example property worth 265,186,423 million cedis was destroyed according to government authorities. Nationwide NADMO indicates that 19,755 people are affected of which 6,586 are children. Health authorities confirmed 16 deaths,7 in Accra,3 in Kumasi,2 in Takoradi and 1 in Cape Coast and two others.-16th July ,2009,(DREF OPERATION NO.mdrghoo2 Glide no. FL-2009-000132-GHA. 16 July, 2009) CAUSES OF FLOOD There are two main causes of flood. These are The natural causes and the human causes. NATURAL CAUSES OF FLOOD A) High rainfall. Heavy rains raise the water level. When the water level gets higher than the river bank or the dams, the water forces its way out from the river often leading to a condition of flooding. b) Snow melt. The alarming effect of global warming is leading to increase in temperature higher than the temperature of many years ago. The ice caps melt in spring, therefore these water find its way into the sea. As a result...
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...Tewksbury floods in 2007 The area around Tewkesbury is frequently affected by flooding. In general such flooding causes little damage to property as the town is surrounded by large areas of floodplain which restrict urban development and the ability for the town to spread. However, extreme flooding events have caused damage to property and affected transport links, the most significant events occurring in 1947, 1960 and 2007. Causes Heavy rain on 20 July caused extensive flooding across the lower Severn catchment, and in many places river levels were the highest ever recorded. Across Tewkesbury, wit was recorded around 80-90mm of rain on 20 July, equivalent to almost two month’s rain in just one day. Effects Sewage and waterworks flooded so people had no water for up to 7 days. 3 people died, 2 died from petrol fumes whilst trying to pump water out of the rugby club, the other drowned. 350,000 around Gloucestershire had no water after Mythe Water Treatment centre was flooded. The Army had its largest 'peace-time' operation in place to provide safe drinking water to Tewkesbury. Tewkesbury Abbey was flooded. Tourism has sufferred, potentially causing the town to lose millions. Government has promised £2500 per business in the area to help finance renovations and flood repair. During the flood, all the roads were inaccessible, essentially cutting the town off from the rest of the country. Parts of the town were under 1metre of water Solutions and responses...
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...happens if a stream has too much sediment load? It causes sediment deposition on stream bottom creating a braided stream. 3. A) What expected flood size does FEMA use to establish its regulatory requirements? FEMA uses the 100 year flood for building regulations. B) In any given year, what is the probability that a 100 year flood will occur? There is a 1% chance each year that this level of flood could occur. Maps are available with 100 year flood outlines. 50 year flood = 2% chance. 4. What are 6 ways that killer floods can occur? 1) Precipitation is above normal in drainage basin, 2) sudden snow/ice melts, 3) landslides, 4) modifications, fire and urbanization = more runoff 5) Dam failure, 6) geography of stream basin/area. 5. A) Are the canyons of Utah susceptible to flash floods? Why or why not? Yes because steep topography helps thunderstorms build and then provide the rugged valleys that channelize the killer floods. Utah canyons are very steep so it is very possible. B) How deep does water have to be to possibly be fatal to people who try to drive through flood waters? 2 ft deep. 6. A) How do regional floods differ from flash floods? They differ because regional floods occur in large river valleys with low topography whereas flash floods happen in tall steep places. B) Why was the Mississippi River flood of 1993 so big? Because...
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...Flood as a social problem There are few places on Earth where people need not be concerned about flooding. With the onset of rainy season, we need to be prepared for possible flash floods, landslides, and related disasters especially in high risk and vulnerable areas, that is why in Philippines flood is a major problem. Many people die every year because of this natural disaster. Most floods take hours or even days to develop, giving residents ample time to prepare or evacuate, but not in Philippines floods develop in a shorter period. Others generate quickly and with little warning. These flash floods can be extremely dangerous, instantly turning a babbling brook into a thundering wall of water and sweeping everything in its path downstream. There are many causes of flood. Typhoons may cause flooding to coastal areas. When there is a typhoon, the atmospheric pressure is low. Sea level rises and affects the volume of water flowing from the river to the sea. This indirectly leads to flooding. Flooding always occur in coastal areas. Because whenever there are high tides or storms, the sea level will raise. If the sea level is higher than the level of the coastal lowland, flooding will occur. Heavy rainfall raises the water level. When the water level is higher than the river banks or the dams, the water comes out from the river, there will have flooding. But even small amount of rainfalls in our country may cause flood. This graph says that ten percent of the fatalities during...
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...to look at the causes and effects of the floods in Australia 2010 and 2011. Australia is found in the Southern Hemisphere, lying to the south of South East Asia, and dividing the Indian and South Pacific Oceans. The main places affected by the floods were Brisbane and Queensland. The worst affected areas were those along the banks of the Burnett River and the Fitzroy River. The areas around the Fitzroy River flooded and forced a thousand people out of their homes in Theodore. A series of floods hit Queensland, Australia, beginning in December 2010. The floods forced the evacuation of thousands of people from towns and cities. At least 70 towns and over 200,000 people were affected. Damage initially was estimated at around $1 billion before it was raised to $2.38 billion. Queensland is a state located in the northeastern part of Australia. Queensland’s devastating floods are the result of heavy rains caused by two normally unconnected weather phenomena La Niña, a periodic interaction between the Pacific Ocean and the Earth’s atmosphere to the east of Australia. An unexpected flash flood caused by a thunder storm raced through Toowoomba's central business district. Water from the same storm devastated communities in the Lockyer Valley. A few days later thousands of houses in Ipswich and Brisbane were inundated as the Brisbane River rose and Wivenhoe Dam used a considerable proportion of its flood mitigation capacity. A flash flood occurs when heavy rain falls onto waterlogged...
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...Satyan Basnet History 1302 Book Journal I Johnstown Flood Date: February 18th 2014 Chapter 1: The Sky Was Red After reading the first chapter, I view Johnstown in 1889 as a growing industrial city. Like any other town and cities, the Industrial Revolution had huge effect in its rapid growth. People seemed to be rushing to this town from everywhere. Though the Germans and the Welsh were the first settlers, many others like the Scotch-Irish, Jews and Negroes came along in droves to toil at the town's steel and barbed wire factories. Before the arrival of the canal, Johnstown seemed to be sparsely populated with a rather slow life and the town remained no more than a backwoods trading center. However, with the arrival of the Pennsylvania Mainline canal in 1834 , it became one of the booming town at the heart of Allegheny Mountain Range. After 1834, as the chapter depicts, life in Johnstown seems to start gaining a rapid pace. The nearly doubling of population from 15,000 to 30,000 within ten years time shows how people from all parts of the country were moving into this valley in search of opportunity and prosperity. The image of the town also shows a difference in class. There were wealthy people who lived on the high ground, while the poor workers were crowded in the lowlands. Johnstown then had five-story buildings on Main, up-to-date stores, opera house, a night school, a library, a remarkable number of churches, and several large, handsome houses, most of...
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