...Food Security Almost half of the world's population, which exceeds over 3 billion people, struggle to find food. It is apparent that the world is facing many food security problems, this report identifies the meaning of food security and discusses the reasons behind this globally widespread problem; throughout the report a supportive survey results were be used. Food security is not a new expression; however according to the survey 4 out of 10 people are not aware of it, there are numerous definitions of food security, for instance it can be defined as “the existence of the necessary conditions for human beings to have physical and economic access, in socially acceptable ways.” (IICA, 2009) The food security problem arises from day to day, many people do not realise the danger of this issue and its impact, for example 80% of people who claim that they care about this issue do not know what the proper solution is, to address this problem; the question that should be asked is”Who and what is responsible?” in the survey; 88% of the respondents say that governments are responsible for this issue, while only 12% believe that citizens hold the responsibility, this could be explained by assuming that citizens are incapable of participating in determining effective solutions. However, it is fair to say that governments are partly responsible for the aggravation of this issue, but in reality there are so many natural causes behind the deterioration. One of the causes is climate change;...
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...expanding feed and food export markets; generating beneficial knowledge, information and technologies for adapting to and mitigating climate change; improving natural resource management; helping protect U.S. food and non-food crops, agricultural animals and ecosystems from the threat of exotic pests and diseases, as well as emerging and re-emerging domestic diseases and pests; and improving the quality and safety of domestic and imported food products. Extending US knowledge and expertise to enhance agricultural development in the developing world contributes not only to their food security but also directly benefits the U.S. economy and improves domestic knowledge on a range of topics. In fact, by linking all relevant disciplines of the U.S. university system domestically and internationally on food security issues, students will become more competent, knowledgeable, and better prepared for managing the global aspects of the future world of agriculture in which they will work. As of May 2012, the world’s population is estimated to be over 7 billion and is expected to increase to over 9 billion by 2050 (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012). Currently, nearly one billion people globally are estimated to be food insecure, with 44 percent residing in Sub-Saharan Africa (Shapouri et al., 2010). In addition, many suffer from micronutrient deficiency, such as iron and Vitamin A deficiencies, which contributes to their overall health burden. Projections predict that food security will remain a major...
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...Essential Services Food Security in India: Performance, Challenges and Policies S. Mahendra Dev Alakh N. Sharma Oxfam India working papers series September 2010 OIWPS - VII Abstract This paper examines performance, challenges, and policies in food security in terms of availability, access, and absorption or nutrition. Specifically, the paper addresses the following questions: (i) What is the progress in supply side of food in terms of availability at the national level? (ii) How far has India progressed in attaining access to food and nutrition requirements at the household level? (iii) What are the programmes and policies that India has followed in realizing food and nutrition security? (iv) What should be done to realize food and nutrition security for all citizens of India? Food availability is a necessary condition for food security. India is more or less self sufficient in cereals but deficit in pulses and oilseeds. Due to changes in consumption patterns, demand for fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, poultry, and fisheries has been increasing. There is need to increase crop diversification and improve allied activities. It may be noted that the slowdown in agriculture growth could be attributed to structural factors on the supply side, such as public investment, credit, technology, land and water management, etc., rather than globalization and trade reforms per se. Access to food can be increased through employment due to growth in labour intensive sectors and/or...
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...Importance Food security will be helpful if enough food is available for all the persons, there is no barrier to access of food and all persons have the capacity to buy food of acceptable quality. Food availaabilty is a necessary condtion for food security. India is more or less self sufficient in cereals but deficit in pulses and oil seeds. Due to changes in consumption patterns, demand for fruits, vegetables, dairy, meat, poultry, and 38 fishery products has been increasing. There is a need to increase crop diversification and improve allied activities. It may be noted that the slowdown in agriculture growth could be attributed to structural factors on the supply side, such as public investment, credit, technology, land and water management, etc., rather than globalization and trade reforms per se. There are six deficits in Indian agriculture. These are: (i) investment, credit, and infrastructure deficit; (ii) land and water management deficit; (iii) research and extension (technology) deficit; (iv) market deficit; (v) diversification deficit; and (vi) institutions deficit. Reforms are needed to reduce these deficits in order to achieve the following goals of agriculture: (i) 4 per cent growth in agriculture; (ii) equity in terms of higher growth in lagging regions, small and marginal farmers, and women; and (iii) sustainability. Access to food can be increased through employment due to growth in labour intensive sectors and/or through social protection programmes. The...
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...United States Department of Agriculture USDA Accomplishments 2009-2012 Secretary Tom Vilsack Global Food Security Today, 870 million people around the world do not have access to a sufficient supply of nutritious and safe food. Tackling this problem to help establish global food security is important not only to hundreds of millions of hungry people, but also to the sustainable economic growth of these nations and the long-term economic prosperity of the United States. As we help countries become more food secure and raise incomes, we also expand markets for American producers • For example, over the past five years U.S. agricultural exports to developing countries in Southeast Asia, Central America, and SubSaharan Africa have grown at more than twice the annual rate as compared to developed countries. U.S. poultry meat exports to Sub-Saharan Africa expanded 180 percent from 2009 to 2011. • Given population growth and rising incomes, it is estimated that the demand for food will rise by 70 to 100 percent by 2050. To meet this need, the United Nations estimates that production in developing countries will need to almost double. • In 2010, the U.S. helped launch the Global Agriculture and Food Security Program, an international, multilateral trust fund that has already awarded $658 million to finance country development plans in 18 low-income countries, with 8.2 million beneficiaries. Building Local Capacity, Increasing Productivity, and Improving Markets and Trade •...
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...Sociology 808 Food Security in Canada Student name: Dorian Alushi Student ID: 500549410 Ryerson University November 13, 2015 According to the Food and Agriculture Organization, “food security exists when all the people, at all times, have access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life”. The focus of this essay is to analyze the factors that cause food insecurity and the health issues related with food insufficiency. There will be some data showing what percentage of total income would healthy and nutritional food take in a normal Canadian family. Also, I will provide information and facts that suggest that food banks are not a good solution for the problem, since they cause other health issues. Another interesting issue I will be discussing about is the food security in Nunavut, a remote location where food is an everyday issue for most of the community. Food security is a big problem all over the world, including social countries like Canada that have different programs to help people who cannot access or afford healthy and nutritious food. Food insecurity arises amongst different classes of the society, which vary from middle class to poor and then the biggest sufferers, the homeless. This problem comes from the high prices of fresh and healthy foods. A family with a low income has a lot of expenses, so they can’t spend a lot of money on food. Usually, fresh food is very expensive...
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...What is Food Security? Food Security refers to a household's physical and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that fulfills the dietary needs and food preferences of that household for living an active and healthy life. As per the combined interpretations of The World Health Organisation and The Food and Agriculture Organisation, Food security is defined by the following 4 paradigms: Ensuring Availability Ensuring Access Ensuring Utilization Ensuring Stability Availability is having available sufficient quantities of food on a consistent basis. Food access is having sufficient resources, both economic and physical, to obtain appropriate foods for a nutritious diet. Food use is the appropriate use based on knowledge of basic nutrition and care, as well as adequate water and sanitation. The Food and Agriculture Organisation adds a fourth facet: the stability of the first three dimensions of food security over time. Food Security Act: Food Security is achieved not only by augmenting food supply but also by implementing institutional reforms, social policies, and programmes to improve economic and social access to food and provision of basic services for nutritional absorption. There is considerble diversity in country performance and experiences in terms of the timing, pace and degree of economic and institutional reforms, and multiplicity of approaches and instruments used to increase economic access to food and nutritional...
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...FOOD SECURITY IN INDIA:ISSUES AND PROBLEMS | | Contents FOOD SECURITY - INTRODUCTION 2 Pillars of food security 2 The Status and Trends in Food Production and Availability 3 PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF MAJOR AGRI-HORTI COMMODITIES 3 FOOD DEMAND IN INDIA: 4 CONSUMPTION OF FOOD IN INDIA: 5 Food Problem: 6 Introduction: 6 Some of the major causes responsible for the food problem 6 Other Cause of food shortage of India are: 7 How to solve the food problem of India: 7 Availability of food 8 Major Factors Responsible for Decline in Food Production 8 Whether India Get Proper Food? 10 Issues faced in India 10 Recommendations 11 References 13 FOOD SECURITY - INTRODUCTION At the World Food Summit‟ 1974 food security is defined as, “Availability at all times of adequate world food supplies of basic foodstuffs to sustain a steady expansion of food consumption and to offset fluctuations in production and prices”. The National Development Council (NDC) in its 53rd meeting held on 29th May, 2007 adopted a resolution to launch a Food Security Mission comprising rice, wheat and pulses to increase the production of rice by 10 million tons, wheat by 8 million tons and pulses by 2 million tons by the end of the Eleventh Plan (2011-12). Accordingly, a Centrally Sponsored Scheme, 'National Food Security Mission' (NFSM), was launched in October 2007. The Mission is being continued during 12th Five Year Plan with new targets of additional production of food grains of 25...
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...Summary of the National Food Security Bill 2013 (revised version, as tabled in Parliament, 22 March 2013) 1. Preliminaries The Bill seeks “to provide for food and nutritional security in human life cycle approach, by ensuring access to adequate quantity of quality food at affordable prices to people to live a life with dignity and for matters connected therwith and incidental thereto”. It extends to the whole of India and “shall come into force on such date as the Central Government may, by notification in the Official Gazette appoint, and different dates may be appointed for different States and different provisions of this Act”. 2. Entitlements Public Distribution System (TPDS) Priority households are entitled to 5 kgs of foodgrains per person per month, and Antyodaya households to 35 kgs per household per month. The combined coverage of Priority and Antyodaya households (called “eligible households”) shall extend “up to 75% of the rural population and up to 50% of the urban population”. The PDS issue prices are given in Schedule I: Rs 3/2/1 for rice/wheat/millets (actually called “coarse grains” in the Bill). These may be revised after three years. Children’s Entitlements For children in the age group of 6 months to 6 years, the Bill guarantees an age-appropriate meal, free of charge, through the local anganwadi. For children aged 6-14 years, one free mid-day meal shall be provided every day (except on school holidays) in all schools run by local bodies, government and government...
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...gear of food security. Stock of food grains must be accessible to indigent people. No matter how much food is in stock or how much production is going on, if the surplus food grain is not reaching the needy people, then food security will remain a pointless word in this socio-political corridor. On that ground, the states have to have a reliable access to a sufficient quality of affordable, nutritious food. 2.1.2 Allocation : About one third population of our country is extremely poor and according to the UN Millennium Development Goal Report 2014, India also has the highest number of under-five year age group deaths in the world in 2012, with 1.4 million children dying before reaching their fifth birthday . On one hand, we are pleased that our country has bumper food grain stock but on another hand, it is a bitter truth that most people have to sleep at night with an empty stomach. It so happens because of a wrong policy of allocation of food grain. Allocation of food must be in the view of the required necessities. Only then every person will get the right ‘fruits’ of food security....
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...FOOD SECURITY IN BANGLADESH (Md, Ibrahim kholilullah, AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS ,2ND BATCH ,SYLHET AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY ,01718996557) The world summit of 1996 defined food security as existing ‘when all people at all times have access to sufficient, safe, nutritious food to maintain a healthy and active life’. Commonly the concept of food security is defined as including both physical and economic access to food that meets peoples dietary needs as well as their food preferences. In many countries ,health problem related to dietary excess are an ever increasing threat, infact ,malnutrition and food borne diarrhea are become double burden. Food Security Status and Challenges: Food security situation in Bangladesh has improved, especially on the availability side, and further improvements on access and utilisation, to be sustainable and large-scale, needs renewed efforts from the government, civil society (including media) and the development partners. Records say in 70s’, 70% people were under the food consumption poverty line. Today this is down to under half of the population. Today, though people are not dying, they are going hungry and becoming stunted with reduced mental and physical capacity. They are suffering. The hungry population of over 60 million people is larger than most other global cases- the third largest poor population in any country after China and India5. Nearly half of Bangladesh’s children are underweight, making it one of the most severe...
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...FOOD SECURITY BILL The bill is meant to provide subsidised food grains to people. It seeks to cover 75% of the rural population and 50% of the urban population in the country. It is estimated that food security bill will cost around 1 lakh crores. MAIN PROVISIONS It proposes to cover 46% of the rural population and 28% urban population –together about 49 crore people as per 2011 census- under the priority category. These households would be given a monthly grain quota of 7 kg per person , translating into an aggregate annual requirement of roughly 42 mt. Besides priority households, the bill also seeks to cover another 29% of rural and 22% of urban population under the general category. For these additional 33 crore people, they are entitled for monthly quota of 3 kg per person translating into 12mt making a total of 54 mt. The government also plans to provide fortified packaged food to children under the law by stipulating strict guidelines for levels of micronutrients contained in the meals to be provided to children. FOCUS ON SPECIFIC MATTERS MALNUTRITION : if the malnourished in India formed a country, it would be the world’s fifth largest- almost the size of Indonesia. According to FAO, approx 238 million Indians are undernourished. FSB seeks to provide nutritional guarantee for pregnant women and community kitchens for the destitute, migrants and others through mid day meal scheme and hence malnutrition could be decreased. The bill provides a maternity benefit of...
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...Name: The National Food Security Bill, 2013. Aim: The primary objective of the bill is to guarantee cheap food grain to nearly 70% of India’s 1.2 billion people. The broader aim is to alleviate chronic hunger and poverty in India. Why it’s important: India accounts for a third of the world’s poor, the World Bank said earlier this year. Almost half of the country’s children under five are classed as chronically malnourished, and more than a third of Indians aged 15 to 49 are undernourished, according to India’s National Family Health Survey in 2006, the latest data available. Who it affects: The bill, if passed, would provide subsidized food grain to 75% of India’s estimated 833 million rural population and 50% of an estimated 377 million urban population. Under the program, beneficiaries can get a total of five kilograms of subsidized rice, wheat and coarse grains a month. These can be bought at prices ranging from one to three rupees (approximately two to five U.S. cents) a kilogram, far cheaper than market rates of 20 to 25 rupees. How it works: The state-run Food Corporation of India will distribute subsidized grains through a nationwide network of “fair price shops.” In 2011, the latest year for which government data are available, the FCI ran more than 505,000 fair price shops in India. Cost: The government says it will spend about $4 billion a year on the program. More In Food-Security-Bill * ‘GM Crops Won’t Solve India’s Food Crisis’ * No More Business...
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...Fedoroff Agric & Food Secur (2015) 4:11 DOI 10.1186/s40066-015-0031-7 Open Access REVIEW Food in a future of 10 billion Nina V Fedoroff* Abstract Over the past two centuries, the human population has grown sevenfold and the experts anticipate the addition of 2–3 billion more during the twenty-first century. In the present overview, I take a historical glance at how humans supported such extraordinary population growth first through the invention of agriculture and more recently through the rapid deployment of scientific and technological advances in agriculture. I then identify future challenges posed by continued population growth and climate warming on a finite planet. I end by discussing both how we can meet such challenges and what stands in the way. Keywords: Population growth, Agriculture, Domestication, Genetic modification, Technology Background Today we have enough food to meet the world’s needs. Indeed, we have an extraordinary global food system that brings food from all over the planet to consumers who can afford to buy it. The food price spike of 2008 and the resurgence of high food prices in recent years have had little impact on the affluent citizens of the developed world who spend a small fraction of their income on food. By contrast, food prices have a profound impact on the world’s poorest people. Many of them spend half or more of their income on food. During the food price crisis of 2008, there were food riots in more than...
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...LITERATURE REVIEW The concept of food security refers to a situation in which there is access to adequate and nutritionally quality food through socially acceptable means. The concept of food security comprises of four different domains: qualitative, quantitative, psychological and social. The quantitative aspect refers to the lack of adequate food for the households. The situation leads to a person or household having to eat less than what they would prefer to consume (Taylor and Francis, 2015). The qualitative aspect of food security entails access to food of preferred nutritional value depending on the age or health requirements. The Psychological domain of food security denotes the anxiety and worry that people tend to exhibit when the food situation in the country is unpredictable. Its other facet is the concern over the absence of the preferred quality of food (Edward et al., 2013). The social aspect entails the socially approved ways people use to access for their consumption. These could include buying on credit, borrowing or even some socially unacceptable means such as stealing. Several types of researches done on the issue of food security consider it from the mothers’ perspectives. It is in conformity with their traditional roles of engaging in acquisition and management of household food reserves. The tool used in the determination of food security is the U.S Household Food Security Survey Module, HFSSM. The toll was devised in 1997. The model investigates both...
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