...PROPOSAL TO EVALUATE THE IMPACT THAT FOREIGN AID HAS HAD ON DEVELOPMENT IN KENYA RESEARCH STUDIES MOD001774 SHIRLEY JONES SID 1223384 FACULTY OF HEALTH, SOCIAL CARE AND EDUCATION 2012/13 1 SID 1223384 ABSTRACT The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of foreign aid on development in Kenya. The study will investigate the effect that foreign aid has had on development, appraising its benefits as well as exposing its shortcomings. Judging from the level of aid that the developing world receives and the economic development that takes place in third world countries, there appears to be an inverse relationship between aid and development. With this continuing debate, my interest of study has been to find out foreign aid’s impact to development in Kenya as it is dependent of aid but poverty still seems impossibility in the country for many decades. Therefore, the study will seek to expose these pitfalls of foreign assistance to a nation’s growth and development, using the Kenyan example to illustrate this relationship. The prevailing research methodology shall be of a qualitative positivist nature. Debates still exist around foreign aid dependency and economic development in the “Third World” countries as despite the input from developed countries there hasn’t been much change witnessed in the developing nations which are still drowning in poverty since 1960’s. The study will highlight on the demerit of excess foreign aid has development whereby the more dependent...
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...Research paper In English II Roeniel Jetrew Galon BSBA- 1B Sir Dennis Duyag Introduction Corruption has recently become a major issue in foreign aid policies. However, behind the screens it has always been there, referred to as the “c-word”. The major concern for international aid policy through the last five decades is to improve the living conditions for the poor in the poorest countries of the world. This endeavour requires a close co-operation with the national governments in poor countries. Generally speaking, however, the governments in poor countries are also the most corrupt. This is one of the few clear empirical results of recent research on corruption. The level of GDP per capita holds most of the explanatory power of the various corruption indicators (Treisman, 2000; Paldam, 1999a). Consequently, if donors want to minimise the risk of foreign aid being contaminated by corruption, the poorest countries should be avoided. This would, however, make aid policy rather pointless. This is the basic dilemma corruption raises for aid policy. Unlike international business most development aid organisations and international finance institutions have the lion’s share of their activities located in highly corrupt countries (Alesina and Weder, 1999). The international community in general and some donor countries in particular are, however, increasingly willing to fight corruption. Within the “good governance” strategies of the World Bank and the International...
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...Introduction The impact of Foreign Aid on the growth and development of less Developed Countries (LDCs) is a matter of strategic importance for the policy makers of these countries in framing their future economic programs and strategies. There has been a significant increase in the flow of foreign aid in the developing countries (Figure 1&2).According to Alberto Alesina, foreign aid is determined by political condition, economic needs and policy considerations of recipients. Despite the advancement of technology and infrastructure, a large number of developing countries still face the acute shortage of basic amenities of life such as Food and shelter. Thus, the influx of foreign aid can be a crucial factor to address these issues. Figure 1 FINN - 321 2 Research Paper Figure 2 The economic theory suggests positive effects of investment on the national income of the country. John Maynard Keynes in his most famous book The Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, argued that the national income of the country increase by more than the amount of investment by a phenomenon known as the MULTIPLER EFFECT. The qualitative effects of the investment such as Foreign Aid include the inflow of new technology, alleviation of poverty and establishment of infrastructure in the host economy. Thus, the increase of Foreign Aid is a positive sign for the future growth of a developing economy. The main objective of this empirical project is to analyze the effects of Foreign Aid on the growth rates...
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...Introduction The chosen topic for this assignment is "The reliability of technical and fundamental analysis on the Forex exchange market" . The area of research is of great importance's is in the financial market. Many traders believe most important question to any forex trader is how to forecast future market movements. The market fluctuations are often analysis using two core forecasting approaches, fundamentals and technical approaches (Frankel and Froot, 1986,1990). Similar to Dr T Oberlechner studies on the Importance of technical and fundamental analysis in the European foreign exchange market. Making profit and understanding the most profitable means to do is key for any trader. The value of the investigation is priceless to all traders (Stuart 2010). The research will undertake a Basic approach. Basic research can be called a fundamental approach used by a researchers curiosity or interest in a topic. The driving motivation is to expand knowledge of the area not to develop new ideas. (Khan 2010).In order to obtain a good research topic the researcher has taken into account the capability of the work. The capability can be measured in a variety of ways. At the researchers personal level the researcher must feels they are comfortable that they processes or can develop the research skills required to complete the studies. A good research topic is of great importance if it matches career goals (Creswell 2002). With ambition of entering into the wealth management and...
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...AID AND THE DUTCH-DISEASE IN ETHIOPIA Monetary Policy and Economic Research Directorate National Bank of Ethiopia Teferi Mequaninte tefmeq@yahoo.com May, 2005 SECTION ONE Introduction Following the introduction of the Structural adjustment program (SAP) in 1992 to the Ethiopian economy, there was a massive inflow of foreign aid in the form of grants, concessional loans and technical assistance. Net aid1 inflows to Ethiopia during the Derg period were around 7 percent of GDP and are doubled to 14 percent of GDP during the EPRDF regime. These elevated flows have raised a number of concerns, ranging from fears about the effect of aid inflows on the real exchange rate and export performance. The source of anxiety for all this is the Dutch disease problem of foreign aid. While seemingly beneficial foreign aid inflows may generate undesirable effects in the economy. These undesirable effects include a decline in export performance and manufacturing production caused by appreciation of the real exchange rate and resources moving out of manufacturing into other sectors (Timothy,1997). There are also concerns about aid sustainability. Specifically, while LDCs have been forced to take on greater burden of global adjustment, most donor countries have been unwilling to expand financial support for adjustment in the LDCs (Bigsten, 2003). These could be due to different motives by the donor countries. Instead of addressing the most developmental constraints...
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...iii iv Acknowledgements This thesis has served to unite my academic experience at Stanford. Four years of preparation, and the past year of writing, have produced this exploration of food, politics, and the Middle East. The CISAC Honors Program has provided a fantastic interdisciplinary home for this pursuit. I am thankful to Professors Blacker and Crenshaw for their guidance in this yearlong process. I will fondly remember the quarterly presentations, Professor Blacker’s insistence on concise language, and Professor Crenshaw’s direction on crystallizing the “puzzle”. My fellow CISAC students were a cornerstone of the thesis experience, both in Washington and on campus. We gained a community that understood the travails of literature reviews and last-minute chapters, and the thrills of...
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...External Aid of Iran and Increased Political Power of Hizbullah (Research Proposal) by Lee, Joosong Middle East and African Studies Graduate School of International and Area Studies Hankuk University of Foreign Studies I. Research Background Hizbullah is the most powerful single political movement in Lebanon. Hizbullah, along with the Amal Movement, represents most of Lebanese Shi'a. The political 'victory' of Hizbullah in 2005 election was a refreshing jolt for both Lebanon and international community. The 2005 Lebanese General Elections were the first in Lebanese history to be won outright by a single electoral block and were also the first to be monitored by the United Nations. In the general elections, Hizbullah won fourteen seats in the Parliament out of 128; that is about 11% in total, and fifth most in number. And in the general elections of 2009, Hizbullah won twelve seats, which is about 10%. The results were quite a shock for the Western countries since Hizbullah’s status is quite controversial; it is in fact a legitimate political party in Lebanon, but still a resistance movement group. What is more contentious is that Hizbullah was a terrorist group before; and some states still consider Hizbullah as a terrorist group, partly or as a whole. As a matter of fact, currently Hizbullah is a legitimate political party in Lebanon which was elected by legitimate elections. The discussion now needs to move on to what was the critical factor...
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...Introduction: Foreign Aid any capital inflow or other assistance given to a country which would not generally have been provided by natural market forces. In Bangladesh, foreign aid serves to bridge the gap between savings and investments and make up the deficits in the balance of payments. Foreign aid is a major means of financing the country's economic development. Economic literature generally classifies foreign aid into four main types. First, the long-term loans are usually repayable by the recipient country in foreign currency over ten or twenty years. Secondly, the soft loans repayable in local currency or in foreign currency but over a much longer period and with very low interest rates. The softest are the straight grants often given to the less developed countries. Sale of surplus products to a country in return for payment in the country's local currency is the third type and finally, the technical assistance given to the developing countries comprises the fourth type of foreign aid. Foreign aid is more like an investment in a risky market situation. The relative weighting of advantages and disadvantages depends on the planning behind the foreign aid and how well-orchestrated it is. Economic advantages: stimulated economic development in the receiver's country (better infrastructure, more education etc.) leads to economic growth. It can also create jobs as increased investment leads to more employment; this means less needs to be spent on unemployment benefits...
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...Literature review United states of America All the countries in the world are continuously striving for rapid economic growth and as a result they are inviting more and more investments by allowing foreign investors to invest in their land. There are several factors that help or hinder the economic growth of a country, and the factors, that are often identified as stimulants (World Investment Report UNCTAD, 1994) for a country’s growth are: (1) Large amounts of investment capital, (2) Advanced Technologies, (3) Highly skilled labor, (4) Well-developed transportation and communication infrastructure, (5) Stable and supportive political and social institutions, (6) Low tax rates, and (7) Favorable regulatory environment. Differences in the growth rates of the countries are explained by the differences in the endowments or levels of these factors (Dondeti and Mohanty, 2007). FDI has long been recognized as a major source of technology and know-how to developing countries. Indeed, it is the ability of FDI to transfer not only production know- how but also managerial skills that distinguishes it from all other forms of investment, including portfolio capital and aid. While foreign portfolio investment may, in some cases, contribute to the capital formation in a developing country, often, the capital flows via this route are limited, and above all, they do not provide the advanced technologies needed to compete in the world markets. FDI can accelerate growth in the...
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...The integration of developing and least developed countries with the global economy increased sharply in the 1990s with change in their economic policies and lowering of barriers to trade and investment. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is expected to benefit poor countries such as Bangladesh in a number of ways. Firstly, it supplements domestic investment which is low due to lack of resources in these countries. Secondly, FDI is expected to generate employment, transfer, increase domestic competition and bring other positive externalities such as transfer of good practices. Bangladesh offers attractive investment opportunities to foreign investors and has adopted policies to attract FDI into the country. In fact Bangladesh seems to offer one of the most liberal FDI regimes in South Asia. The economic model was developed based on the past behavior of GDP and the external sector. It indicated that FDI is the sector having the most significant impact on GDP and aid the second most significant. While imports negatively affect economic growth, exports have played a very important role over the period. During the 1990s, notable progress was made in economic performance. Along with maintaining economic stabilization with a significantly reduced and declining dependence on foreign aid, the economy appeared to begin a transition from stabilization to growth. In the 1980s, per capita GDP had grown slowly at the rate of about 1.6 per cent per...
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...Now a day’s most of foreign aid to Ethiopia comes from the western countries and other multilateral organizations. Comparatively the total flow of foreign aid has increased under the current regime due to changes in policies which meet the interests of donors, and adoption of a market-oriented economic system. Since the policy change by the present regime the magnitude of aid has increased continuously. Following the change of government in 1991 and the adoption of the structural adjustment program in 1992 in particular, the country has received a significant amount of aid. A large inflow of concessionary loans and grants has occurred since 2001, following the issuance of the first poverty reduction strategy paper (known as the Sustainable...
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...definition of foreign aid comes from the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), which defines Foreign aid (or the equivalent term, foreign assistance) as financial flows, technical assistance, and commodities that are; (1) Designed to promote economic development and welfare as their main objective (thus excluding aid for military or other non-development purposes); and (2) Are provided as either grants or subsidized loans. Grants and subsidized loans are referred to as concessional financing, whereas loans that carry market or near-market terms (and therefore are not foreign aid) are non-concessional financing. According to the Development Assistance Committee (DAC), a loan counts as aid if it has a “grant element” of 25 percent or more, meaning that the present value of the loan must be at least 25 percent below the present value of a comparable loan at market interest rates (usually assumed by the DAC rather arbitrarily to be 10 percent with no grace period). Thus, the grant element is zero for a loan carrying a 10 percent interest rate, 100 percent for an outright grant, and something in-between for other loans. The Development Assistance Committee (DAC) classifies aid flows into three broad categories. Official Development Assistance (ODA) is the largest, consisting of aid provided by donor governments to low and middle income countries. Official Assistance (OA) is aid provided by governments...
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...manufacturing goods, particularly electronics and semiconductors, which constitute about 90% of exports. In this paper, the primary objective is to investigate what is the relationship between openness, inflation and FDI with economic growth. Export and import often plays pivotal role in determine the gross domestic product (GDP) in a nation. In particular, the research question to be outlined is how does openness, inflation and FDI affect economic growth. Multinational corporations (MNCs) are those organizations that own or controls productions of goods or services in one or more countries other than its home country. MNC plays major role in foreign aids recipient countries, it contribution to a nation’s economy has became gradually vital. Typically, the contribution of MNC to a domestic economy is via fund transfer channel such as foreign direct aids and advance technology into the host country especially in low development countries (LDCs). Higher level technology or technology advancement is crucial for economic growth of a country because it increase the productivity of the host...
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...STUDY HABITS OF 4TH YEAR STUDENTS A research proposal presented To the Department of English and Literature College of Arts and Sciences Lyceum of the Philippines - Manila In partial fulfillment of ENGN 12A July 2012 CHAPTER I Introduction Study habits, in general, can be simply defined as the ability of an individual to comprehend information in order to fully understand and maximize the capacitance of learning in which it became a demand to our society. It does not only limit itself to students often going to school to master and memorize the concepts/lessons he/she has acquired from their teachers, but it does apply on every field of work. However, the problem that several universities have in common with their students is that almost 1/2 of the total population from different departments suffer from failure and repetition of grades indicating lack of proper training and communication. This phenomenon until now continues to be the number one dilemma for students especially when confronting their worse, feared, or even so-called “hated” subjects. Students are also more likely to fear and feel more anxiety when it comes to quizzes and examinations regardless of a subject’s difficulty. Failing grades either indicate the laziness of a student, poor study habit, or the environment that usually affects his/her mental state. Another factor that emphasizes the importance of study habits is the stress levels of the students depending on whether they can handle demanding...
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...INTRODUCTION Foreign military involvement in Africa and indeed elsewhere around the globe is nothing new. As noted by Falola and Thomas (2014), between 1945 to1999 out of one hundred and fifty seven civil wars in the world, more than hundreds of them saw some level of external interventions. Since the era of colonialism ended, Africa has witnessed a great deal of foreign interference in both its economic and political settings. In recent times, there has been an upsurge in foreign military engagements on the continent; mention can be made of Libya, Cote d’Ivoire, Mali and Central African Republic. In as much as these military operations aid in addressing pressing needs at the time, we cannot lose sight of the looming dangers ahead with specific focus on terrorist organisations and the threat they pose to regional peace and stability. In this research, the writer will try to examine some of the threats such military operations expose African states to, drawing upon lessons learnt from other areas across the world with much emphasis placed on the much recent Afghanistan and Iraq wars on terror. The aim is to examine the profound effects foreign military action poses to Mali. OBJECTIVES: • Evaluate the consequence of military involvement on the ordinary Malian, taking into consideration basic supply such as water, food and shelter. • Establish that reasons stated for military actions are sometime a pretext to hidden motives or sometimes fabricated. • Ascertain the capability...
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