...Internship Report, internship document , internship term paper. ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE ACTIVITIES OF JAMUNA BANK LTD. [pic] Submitted to Lecturer Department Of Business Administration Southeast University Submitted by Md.Mahbubul alam Program: BBA Major: Finance ID: M20811111090 Batch: 15th [pic] Acknowledgement At first I convey my special thanks to Lecturer Ms. Jannatul Ferdaous, my honorable supervisor for her proper supervision during her busy days. Also thanks to Mr. Engr. S.M. Anisuzzaman, VP and Branch Incharge, Jamuna Bank Limited, Sonargaon Road Branch for his cooperation during my internship period in the Bank. Then thanks to all other officials of JBL, SRB specially Mr. Khalad Mosharaf (FEO), Mr. Illias Uddin Ahamed Chowdhury (SEO), Mr. Yousuf Solaiman Russel (JAVP), Mr. Yeasir Mahamud (SEO), Ms. Roksana (EO) and Mr. Anwarul Kobir (FAVP) & sub Manager, for their cooperation, appreciation and amiable behavior which made my internship report worthy and valuable. I also express my special thanks to my intern colleagues of the Bank. Finally I apologize to those whose names I have not mentioned in my acknowledgment. However they are in the core of my heart and I am always grateful to them. (Md. Nazmus Sakib) BBA, Major in HRM ID...
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...student, especially for the students of Business Administration, which helps them to known the real life situation. 1.1 Background of the Report: This report was being assigned as a part of the BBA Program. To prepare the report under the BBA program requirement, I accommodate my internship program in the EXIM Bank Limited. For the completion of the program, I have already prepared a report. This report is being formed on the most important issue “Foreign Exchange performance of EXIM Bank Limited”. The entire report is based on practical experience of EXIM Bank Limited. I have tried to furnish all the issue that I gathered from through working with EXIM Bank limited. 1.2 Objective of the Report: The objective of the report are mentioned according to the priority- 1. The most significant objective of preparing and submitting this report is to completion of the BBA program. 2. To gain practical experience in the job field is another most important objective. 3. To have a clear idea about the foreign exchange performance of EXIM Bank Limited is also required. 1.3 Scope of the Report: This report provides a brief idea about the banking functions, management, organizational...
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...translations gains or losses if any The consolidated revenue for Infosys in FY 2010 is Rs. 22,742 cr with a Year on Year growth of 4.8%. As per IFRS, the annual revenues stood at US $1,313 million, with a Year on Year growth of 2.5%. Sensitivity of INR against USD For every 1% change in INR against USD, the operating margin was affected by 0.4%. Accounting Policy of Foreign Exchange Transactions – Infosys Some salient features of the accounting policies of foreign transactions at Infosys are as follows: * All currency translations are done into the relevant functional currency at the exchange rate which is in effect on the Balance Sheet date. * Any gains (losses) due to the currency translations are included in the Income Statement. * The non-monetary assets and non-monetary liabilities are reported at their fair value. They are translated at the exchange rate on the date when the fair value was determined. * All transactions are translated into the functional currency at the exchange rate on the date of the transaction * All profits (losses) that have resulted due to the foreign currency translation are included in the income statement. Functional Currency – Infosys The functional currency for: Indian Rupee Infosys Infosys BPO Respective Local Currencies Infosys Australia Infosys China Infosys Consulting Infosys Mexico Infosys Sweden Infosys Brazil Infosys Public Services Infosys has 4 wholly owned subsidiaries. It has made significant...
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... LECTURE: TRAN LINH DANG STUDENTS OF TC201DE01-0100 1. Phan Nguyễn Ngọc Xuân Mỹ 101537 2. Vũ Thị Hường 101574 3. Trương Linh Trang 101579 4. Nguyễn Đỗ Thiên Trang 093304 Note for faculty: Date: ___/___/___ For the writer: (Signature & full name) 2012 – 2013 CONTENTS CONTENTS i INTRODUCTION ii I. Exchange rates 1 I 1. Exchange rates 1 I 2. Exchange rate regimes 2 I 3. Roles of exchange rates 3 II. Compare and contrast between the value of VND and the others of ASEAN 5 II 1. The exchange rates in Vietnam from 2008 to 2010 6 II 2. The exchange rates in Vietnam in 2011 8 III. Impacts on exchange rates 10 III 1. Balance of Trade 10 III 2. Balance of Payments 11 III 3. Monetary Policy 12 III 4. Differentials in Inflation 12 III 5. Differentials in Interest Rates 12 III 6. Public Debt 12 III 7. Speculation 13 III 8. Employment Outlook 13 III 9. Political Stability and Economic Performance 13 IV. Adjusted policies of Vietnamese government on exchange rates 14 Recommendation a REFERENCES e INTRODUCTION Since Vietnam began to implement the open door policies and integrate into the world economy, Vietnamese trade has jumped by a so large amount, especially after...
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...major markets namely: Money & Foreign Exchange Market, Capital Market, Derivatives Market, and Offshore Market. Chart 1: The Financial System Structure in Malaysia Financial System Financial Institutions Financial Market Banking System 1. Bank Negara Malaysia 2. Banking Institutions • Commercial Banks • Finance Companies • Merchant Banks • Islamic Banks 3. Others • Discount Houses • Representative Offices of Foreign Banks Non-Bank Financial Intermediaries 1. Provident and Pension Funds 2. Insurance Companies (including Takaful) 3. Development Finance Institutions 4. Savings Institutions • National Savings Bank • Co-operative Societies 5. Others • Unit Trusts • Pilgrims Fund Board • Housing Credit Institutions • Cagamas Berhad • Credit Guarantee Corporation • Leasing Companies • Factoring Companies • Venture Capital Companies Money & Foreign Exchange Market 1. Money Market 2. Foreign Exchange Market Capital Market 1. Equity Market 2. Bond Market • Public Debt Securities • Private Debt Securities Derivatives Market 1. 2. 3. Commodity Futures KLSE CI Futures KLIBOR Futures Offshore Market 1. Labuan International Offshore Financial Center (IOFC) 5.2 Banking System The banking system consists of Bank Negara Malaysia (Central Bank of Malaysia), banking institutions (commercial banks, finance companies, merchant banks and Islamic banks) and a miscellaneous group (discount houses and representative offices of foreign banks). The banking system is...
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...Objective of IAS 21 The objective of IAS 21 is to prescribe how to include foreign currency transactions and foreign operations in the financial statements of an entity and how to translate financial statements into a presentation currency. [IAS 21.1] The principal issues are which exchange rate(s) to use and how to report the effects of changes in exchange rates in the financial statements. [IAS 21.2] (IASPlus, Deloitte) Key definitions [IAS 21.8] -Functional currency: the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates. (The term 'functional currency' was used in the 2003 revision of IAS 21 in place of 'measurement currency' but with essentially the same meaning.) -Presentation currency: the currency in which financial statements are presented. Exchange difference: the difference resulting from translating a given number of units of one currency into another currency at different exchange rates. -Foreign operation: a subsidiary, associate, joint venture, or branch whose activities are based in a country or currency other than that of the reporting entity. (IASPlus, Deloitte) An entity considers the following factors in determining its functional currency: (a) The currency: (i) that mainly influences sales prices for goods and services (this will often be the currency in which sales prices for its goods and services are denominated and settled); and (ii) of the country whose competitive forces and regulations mainly determine the sales...
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...any need for foreign exchange market, foreign exchange rates or foreign exchange. But in a world of many national currencies, the foreign exchange market plays the crucial role of providing the requisite machinery for making payments across borders, transferring funds and purchasing power from one currency to another, and determining the exchange rate. The fundamental changes in foreign exchange, or FX, market began to take form in 1970′s along with the increasing internationalization of financial transactions and the change of many economies into floating exchange rate system from fixed rate system. Over years, these changes have transformed the foreign exchange market into the world’s biggest and most dynamic market today. The daily turnover of global FX market currently amounts to many trillions of dollars. The objective behind this entire project is to get the basic understanding about an Indian foreign exchange market, Forex Instruments available in India, its functioning, Forexregulators& players. Project has emphasis more on numerical data gathered through different reliable sources to comparing and analysis the performance so far by Indian foreign market with other countries and their currencies which holds a dominant position in the global foreign exchange market. As in the rest of the world, in India too, foreign exchange market is the largest financial market in existence. The phenomenon that has dramatically changed India’s foreign exchange market was liberalization...
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...Chapter 3 International Financial Markets Lecture Outline Foreign Exchange Market History of Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange Transactions Foreign Exchange Quotations Interpreting Foreign Exchange Quotations Forward, Futures, and Options Markets International Money Market Origins and Development Money Market Interest Rates Among Countries Standardizing Global Bank Regulations International Credit Market Syndicated Loans Impact of the Credit Crisis on the Credit Market International Bond Market Eurobond Market Development of Other Bond Markets International Stock Markets Issuance of Stock in Foreign Markets Issuance of Foreign Stock in the U.S. Chapter Theme This chapter identifies and discusses the various international financial markets used by MNCs. These markets facilitate day-to-day operations of MNCs, including foreign exchange transactions, investing in foreign markets, and borrowing in foreign markets. Topics to Stimulate Class Discussion 1. Why do international financial markets exist? 2. How do banks serve international financial markets? 3. Which international financial markets are most important to a firm that consistently needs short-term funds? What about a firm that needs long-term funds? POINT/COUNTER-POINT: Should Firms That Go Public Engage in International Offerings? POINT: Yes. When a U.S. firm issues stock to the public for the first time in an initial public offering (IPO), it is naturally concerned about whether...
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...expansion by identifying the associated risks of foreign currency exposure, as well as addressing the major dimensions on international finance, evaluate the basic functions of the international banking system and financial market, and finally recommendations on the best way ahead for Koch Industries entering the Philippine market. To begin, this paper will first examine the possible risks of foreign currency exposure for Koch Industries in the Philippines. As financial markets have become more global and fast moving, foreign currency exposure can have an enormous and rapid impact on profitability can be potentially catastrophic to even the most entrenched and successful companies. Managing exposure and mitigating risk is large and involved process, and has been shown that companies in western industrial economies are quite refined and cultured in currency hedging and conduct business with a modest amount of risk. However, while there is a plethora of evidence supporting the actions of western industries much less is available regarding companies in the rapidly emerging Asia-Pacific region. The results of a 13-year study conducted by Professor David Parsley, of the Owen Vanderbilt Graduate School of Management, found that “the basic issue is that many Asia-Pacific businesses haven’t hedged their exposure and face significant risk of depreciation of their assets or severe increases in their debt obligations held in foreign currencies”, he said. (Parsley, 2006) Philippine...
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...FDI)? What are the Theories of FDI? What Are the pons & cons , Cost/ benefitr fro the cost country n home country? Answer: Foreign Direct Investment: FDI occurs when a frim invest directly in facilities to produce or market product in a foreign country. The Theories of FDI: Theroies of FDI may be classified under the following------ 1. Production or product Cycle Theory of Vernon 2. The theory of Exchange Rate on Imperfect Capital Market 3. The Internalisation Theory 4. The Eclectic Paradigm of Dunning Production or product Cycle Theory of Vernon Production or product theory developed by Vernob in 1966 was used to explain certain types of FDI. He believes that there are four stage of production cycle— * Innivation * Growth * Maturity * Decline. Vernon’s production life-cycle suggest that frims undertake FDI at particular stage in the life cycle of products they have developed or produced. However, Vernon’s theory does not adresss the issue of whether FDI is more efficient than exporting or licensing for expanding abroad. The theory of Exchange Rate on Imperfect Capital Market: This is another theory which tried to explain FDI. Initially the foreign exchange risk has been analyzed from the perspective of international trade. However, currency risk rate theory cannot explain simultaneous foreign direct investment between countries with different currencies. The sustainers argue that such investments are made in different times...
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...Does Exchange Rate Exposure Matter? By Craig Doidge, John Griffin, and Rohan Williamson* Draft: May 8, 2002. Comments Welcome. _________________ Doidge is at the Ohio State University, Fisher College of Business, Columbus, OH 43210, email: doidge.4@osu.edu. Griffin is at Arizona State University, College of Business, Tempe, AZ 85287, email: john.griffin@asu.edu, and Williamson is at Georgetown University, McDonough School of Business, Washington, DC 20057, email: williarg@georgetown.edu. This paper replaces an earlier draft entitled, “An International Comparison of Exchange Rate Exposure.” We thank Yiorgos Allayannis, James Linck, Patrick Kelly, Spencer Martin, Felix Meschke, Clifford Smith, René Stulz, and participants at the International Finance Conference at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Cornell University, Georgetown University, and the Ohio State University for helpful comments and suggestions. We also thank Selim Topaloglu for research assistance. Williamson acknowledges research support from the Capital Markets Research center at Georgetown University. All errors are the responsibility of the authors. * Does Exchange Rate Exposure Matter? Abstract Previous literature finds mixed empirical support for a relation between exchange rate exposure and its theoretical determinants and that exposure is of negligible economic importance. To re-examine the nature and the economic significance of the exchange rate to firm value relation, we construct an international...
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...TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUNDS 4 1. Definition of Foreign Exchange (FOREX) 4 2. Features of Foreign Exchange (FOREX) 5 3. Forex categories: 5 4. Main participants in the foreign exchange market 6 4.1. Foreign exchange dealers 6 4.2. Financial and non-financial customers 7 4.3. Central banks 7 4.4. Brokers 8 4.4.1. In the Over-the-Counter Market 8 4.4.2. Voice Brokers 8 4.4.3. Automated Order-Matching or Electronic Broking Systems 8 4.4.4. In the Exchange-Traded Market 9 CHAPTER II: Situation of currency market in Vietnam 9 1.Roles of the SBV in controlling the currency market 9 2. Some basic features about the currency market in Vietnam from 1991 to 2011 12 2.1. The currency inter-bank market in Vietnam 12 2.1.1. The introduction of currency inter-bank market in Vietnam 12 2.1.2. The role of inter-bank transactions 14 2.1.3 The organization and operation of the currency market in Vietnam 15 2. Transactions in the parallel market and dollarization in Vietnam 15 2.1. Transactions in the parallel in Vietnam 15 2.2. Dollarization in Vietnam 16 3. Some description about the derivatives in Vietnam’s currency market 17 3.1. The introduction of derivatives in Vietnam 17 3.2. Changes of exchange rate. 19 CHAPTER III: SOLUTIONS 23 1. Shut down the black market 23 2. Implement a semi-peg system...
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...ECON101 ESSAY -Foreign exchange -AE questions -Demand pull/Cost push Fiscal or Monitory policy - Money market (Demand/Supply) (Definition of Economics) Scarcity refers to the situation where resources (like labor and time) are limited but the wants are unlimited. (GDP) - GDP DEFINED GDP or gross domestic product is the market value of all final goods and services produced in a country in a given time period. - Final Goods and Services GDP is the value of the final goods and services produced. A final good (or service) is an item bought by its final user during a specified time period. Real GDP per capita = Real GDP/Population (Real GDP Fluctuations ) A business cycle is a periodic but irregular up-and-down movement of total production and other measures of economic activity. Every cycle has two phases: 1 Expansion 2 Recession and two turning points: 1 Peak 2 Trough (List 4) Factors not in GDP that influence the standard of living are * Household production * Underground economic activity * Health and life expectancy * Leisure time * Environmental quality * Political freedom and social justice (Fixed Prices and Expenditure Plans) Disposable income is either spent on consumption goods and services, C, or saved, S. That is, Yd = C + S (MARGINAL PROPENSITY TO CONSUME) It is calculated as the change in consumption expenditure, △C, divided by the change in disposable income...
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...Finance COURSE DESCRIPTION Presents international financial tools, applications, and concepts used in formulating effective financial management strategies. Examines fundamental international financial relationships and transactions among firms, foreign exchange rate determination and forecasting, foreign exchange risk and exposure, balance of payment accounting, and evolution of the international monetary system. Analyzes special topics such as working capital management strategies, capital budgeting, cost of capital, and optimal capital structure in the context of international operations. INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS Required Resources Madura, J. (2012). International financial management (11th ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Supplemental Resources Al Nasser, O.M. (2010). How does foreign direct investment affect economic growth? The role of local conditions. Latin American Business Review 11, 111-139. Kornecki, L. & E. M. Ekanayake. (2011). Inward FDI stock in the U.S. economy and state based determinants. Advances in Management, 4(6), 13-24. Ranjan, V. & Agrawal, G. (2011). FDI inflow determinants in BRIC countries: A panel data analysis. International Business Research, 4(4), 255-263. United Nations. (2011). Foreign Direct Investments in LDCs: Lessons learned from the decade 20012010 and the way forward. United National Conference on Trade and Development. COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Compare multinational financial management to domestic financial management...
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...exchange rate determination “Having endeavored to forecast exchange rates for more than half a century, I have understandably developed significant humility about my ability in this area…”[1] - Alan Greenspan Figure 1: Exchange Rate Determination [pic] Source: Exchange Rate Determination I. Short-Run Forecasting Tools Short-term changes in exchange rates are the most difficult to predict and are often determined based on bandwagon effects, overreaction to news, speculation, and technical analysis.[2] Trend-Following Behavior is the tendency for the market to follow a trend. In other words an increase in the exchange rate is more likely to be followed by another increase. Investor Sentiment is based on the consensus of the market. For example if the market is bullish on the dollar, then the dollar is likely to strengthen versus other currencies. The FX market is quite different from the world equity markets in one important aspect: transparency. In equity markets, rules ensure that volume and price data are readily available to all parties… this is NOT the case in FX markets. In fact large FX dealers are able to observe factors such as: shifts in risk appetite, liquidity needs, hedging demands, and institutional rebalancing.[3] Order Flow - there is evidence of a positive correlation between spot exchange rate movements and order flows in the inter-dealer market[4] and with movements in customer order flows.[5] Three explanations for the cause...
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