...DISSERTATION PROPOSAL The Impact of Foreign Share Ownership on Financial Performance in Australia Word Count: 2,696 Table of Contents 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 3 2. Literature Review ............................................................................................................... 5 2.1 2.2 3. 4. Corporate Governance in Australia ............................................................................. 5 Ownership Structure and Financial Performance........................................................ 6 Hypothesis .......................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology....................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 4.2 Model Design .............................................................................................................. 9 Sample ....................................................................................................................... 10 5. 6. References ........................................................................................................................ 11 Appendix .......................................................................................................................... 14 6.1 6.2 Structure .................
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................................... 19 Page 1 of 36 © 2012 Factiva, Inc. All rights reserved. Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail Economics for Everyone: Going Global–FDI Fables–FDI in Multibrand Retail India Infoline News Service 5,801 words 2 May 2012 Indiainfoline News Service INFOIN English Copyright © 2012. Indiainfoline Ltd. FDI- Foreign Direct Investment Context: NEWS FDI in multi-brand retail to go ahead,TNN (TIMES OF INDIA) Govt says committed to multi-brand retail FDI FE BUREAU Aviation FDI: Cautious, Centre set to take allies on board, BUSINESS STANDARD India has been ranked at the third place in global foreign direct investments in 2009 and will continue to remain among the top five attractive destinations for international investors during 2010-11, according to United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) in a report on world investment prospects titled, 'World Investment Prospects Survey 2009-2011' released in July 2009. A report released in February 2010 by Leeds University Business School, commissioned by UK Trade & Investment (UKTI), ranks India among the top three countries where British companies can do better...
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...publisher is the copyright holder of this article and it is reproduced with permission. Further reproduction of this article in violation of the copyright is prohibited. To contact the publisher: http://www.jibs.net/ In this paper we examine foreign location choices of the top 100 US multinational corporations (MNCs) in 1980 and 2000. We first ask whether there has been a change in MNC foreign location choice in this two-decade period. Second, we explore the underlying reasons of location change by focusing on country-level factors, accounting for firm-, industry — and regional-level explanations. Our findings suggest, first, that the extent of MNCs’ activities around the globe is more extensive than assumed by regionalists’ arguments and well beyond Ohmae’s TRIAD, but still less widespread than claimed by the globalists — the two main traditions within the globalizationregionalization debate. Second, we uncover an interesting de-location pattern in this period. Third, we develop an integrative framework where both economic and institutional-cultural arguments are shown to influence MNCs’ foreign location choice in different ways. We conclude with a discussion of our findings, and provide suggestions for future research. Keywords: MNC foreign location choice; host country factors; global strategy; regional strategy; globalization INTRODUCTION Multinational corporations (MNCs) have played a central role in the global economic, social and political changes commonly xeferred to...
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...Table of Contents Capital Account Transactions Pages 03 to 08 FEMA Regulations – Capital Account Types of Capital A/c Transactions Foreign Institutional Investors Pages 09 to 11 Foreign Direct Investment Pages 12 to 15 American Depository Receipts Pages 16 to 17 Global Depository Receipts Pages 18 to 19 External Commercial Borrowings Pages 20 to 21 Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds Pages 22 to 25 Capital Account Convertibility Pages 26 to 28 Tarapore Committee and Current Status Pages 29 to 35 What is Capital Account Transaction? Capital account transaction is defined as a transaction which:- ➢ Alters the assets or liabilities, including contingent liabilities, outside India of persons resident in India. In other words, it includes those transactions which are undertaken by a resident of India such that his/her assets or liabilities outside India are altered (either increased or decreased). For example:- (i) a resident of India acquires an immovable property outside India or acquires shares of a foreign company. This way his/her overseas assets are increased; or (ii) a resident of India borrows from a non-resident through External commercial Borrowings (ECBs). This way he/she has created a liability outside India. ➢ Alters the assets or liabilities in India of person resident...
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...Can institutional reform provide a sufficient explanation for China’s rapid economic development over the past three decades? What needs to happen in order for growth and development to be maintained in the future? The People’s Republic of China is the world’s fastest growing economy following the economic and institutional reforms from 1978 which signaled the beginning of an economy in transition. This shift from a centrally planned system to a market oriented economy resulted in an overall improvement in China’s living standards and productivity. Since then, China has extensively engaged in a range of international organisations and agreements, such as, the participation in the World Trading Organisations, as well as increasing their level of foreign trade and investment, formation of rural enterprises and private businesses, financial flows and globalisation. These are the fundamental reasons for China’s rapid economic growth over the last three decades. There are various definitions of economic growth, however, according to WebFinance (2012) economic growth is referred to the “increase in a country's productive capacity, as measured by comparing gross national product (GNP) in a year with the GNP in the previous year”. Prior to 1978, China’s average annual growth was at a low 6% and with negative declines of up to -27% in 1961. Since the reforms, GNP has been positive and steadily increasing with fewer ups and downs (Hu and Khan, 1997). The Chinese economy has been averaging...
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...petroleum industry capitals respectively, are the top real estate investment destinations, and account for as high as 65 percent of all activities in this asset class, a report by the National Bureau of Statistics has revealed. The report indicated that Lagos has the greatest amount of real estate activities at 37 percent, followed by Abuja with 22 percent and Port Harcourt (Rivers State) with 6 percent, all covering 65 percent of real estate activities in the country. The trio, often regarded as Nigeria’s traditional cities, have seen increased tempo of activity in real estate development and much of the investments that have gone into real estate in the country in the last decade were concentrated in these cities. Nigeria’s has a burgeoning real estate sector, which by the GDP rebasing exercise in the country in April 2014, was discovered to be the fastest growing and sixth largest sector in the Nigerian economy, explaining the rising level of investment in the sector by both local and foreign investors. Foreign direct investment (FDI) is defined as “an investment in which a firm acquires a substantial controlling interest in a foreign firm (above 10 percent share) or sets up a subsidiary in a foreign country” (Chen, 2000). The International Monetary Fund adds “the investor’s purpose is to have an effective voice in the management of the enterprise”. FDI is not only a financial transaction between two foreign enterprises, in which one company invests in the capital of the other...
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...Entry Into Foreign Market Cameron International Corporation Cameron International Corporation with returns of $6,134.8 million (2010) and disposable profit of $562million (2010) be responsible for flow tools and density device equipment for both land and sea oil togs. It synthetics the doddle preventer on the Transocean BP rig. It works in more than 100 countries over several votive activities. The corporation has just offered into FDI associations with a acquisition of a Brazilian firm that productions include goods for the Brazilian oil and gas trade to fund its development into that marketplace. Myanmar has retreated strategy of segregation forced by the governing armed management. In 2011, the country reversed progression with permitted elections, and dialogues with unorthodox clusters. The country is very rich in oil and gas resources. Business microclimate is extensively observed as dense and unethical. 1. Determine which institutional and risk factors must be considered and whether they support entry or not. Myanmar is one of the under developed countries of the Southeast Asia region. Institutional factors may involve commitment. It can be institutionalized by validation an agreement and/or distribution costs. In reparation, somebody has to take the prime to consolidate the setting up of the foreign investments. Government policies can play an important role in setting-up a foreign setup, and these strategies can extremely distress its attainment. Two significant...
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...The Hong Kong Polytechnic University MGT682 Independent Studies Corruption in China: Effects on Economic Development and Remedial Policies Thomas Wu 02715615G August 6, 2003 The Hong Kong Polytechnic University MGT 682 Independent Studies Corruption and Bribery in China Thomas Wu 02715615G August 6, 2003 Table of Content RESEARCH PROPOSAL TOPIC.........................................................................................................3 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................................3 OBJECTIVES AND HYPOT HESIS.......................................................................................................4 NATURE OF RESEARCH.....................................................................................................................5 RIVAL THEORIES.................................................................................................................................5 “GREASE-THE-WHEELS” THEORY .........................................................................................................5 MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIUMS ......................................................................................................................7 LOGIC MODEL......................................................................................................................................8 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY..............................
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...| Russia: PEST Analysis for Foreign Direct Investment | Principal of Finance | Russia: PEST Analysis for Foreign Direct Investment Overview Russia is a large country with a long history extending back to the 12th century AD when it first freed itself from Mongol domination (Russia). Russia’s most relevant historical past is its emergence from Communist rule and the breakup of the Soviet Union under Mikhail Gorbachev in 1991 due to his policies of glasnost and perestroika, or opening and restructuring. Since that period Russia has been defined by a kind of political turmoil that has seen every sort of leader from a, it is said, Vodka imbibing progressive in Boris Yeltsin to a former intelligence officer in the KGB with a black belt in Judo, in Vladimir Putin (Russia). While the political turmoil has unfolded publicly, the business and professional climate has deteriorated from the heady days of the Soviet breakup when foreign enterprises believed the region was ripe for investment and, to some degree, exploitation. The level of corruption has largely dissuaded the full development of foreign investment and is an international concern, not just local to Russia: “the prevalence of corruption and crime in business affairs has been generally recognized as a major cause of concern...”(Taylor, Kazakhov & Thompson par.1). Until Russia is able to solve this unregulated chaos, business in Russia will remain an exercise in risk rather than revenue. Political Many...
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...Answer: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has been an important part of the economic transition, business liberalization and macro-economic growth story in Bangladesh over the last decade. Since the last decade, there has been a considerable change in global flows of trade and finance including a surge in FDI. Despite being a recent phenomenon, several underlying factors have contributed to increasing the FDI inflow in Bangladesh, such as trade and exchange liberalization, current account convertibility, emphasis on private sector led development, liberalization of the investment regime, opening up of infrastructure and services to the private sector-both domestic and foreign, and above all the interest of foreign investors in energy and telecommunication sector. It is argued that more open trade policies are associated with the presence of foreign firms and economy-wide technological and productivity gains in developing countries like Bangladesh. There also exists evidence of a strong positive correlation between increasing share of FDI in GDP and diversification to high-technology exports in countries that have open trade regimes. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a key role in the modernization of the Bangladesh economy for the last 15 years. Bangladesh received FDI of $1.13 billion last year compared to $910 million in 2010. This increase of about 25% is higher than the average 23% worldwide growth of FDI. According to the 2012 World Investment Report (WIR)...
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...THEORIES OF THE LOCATION OF FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT 1. INTRODUCTION The movement of capital as foreign direct investment (FDI) that has been seen in the world, and their concentrations at international and regional level has led, for decades now, to the emergence of various theories that intend to explain and justify why that motivate and manage to be determining what factors to establish the place in which it was made. The main ideas of these approaches are discussed briefly herein in order to elaborate on this phenomenon, although there is no agreed explanation regarding the causes of the location of this type of investment and of the features that must meet the destination to attract this level of investment. FDI globally decreased 18% in 20121, reaching USD 1.35 billion. The fragile state of the global economy and the uncertain situation in politics were the main causes. Considering the estimates of the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), by the end of the year 2013 FDI will have reached a level close to the 2012 level. With the gradual improvement in macroeconomic conditions globally will increase investor confidence in the medium term, "transnational corporations (TNCs) could convert their record levels of cash holdings in new investments. FDI flows could then reach the level of 1.6 billion dollars in 2014 and 1.8 billion in 2015 "(see Figure 1), although the agency warns that there is a risk that a decline in FDI share...
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...inflow of Foreign Direct investments has become a striking measure of economic development in both developed and developing countries. FDI and FII thus have become instruments of international economic integration and stimulation. Fast growing economies like Singapore, China, Korea etc have registered incredible growth at onset of FDI. Though US captures most of the FDI inflows, developing countries still account for significant growth of FDI and rise in FII. FDI not only gives access to foreign capital but also provides domestic counties with cutting edge technology, desired skill sets, tools of innovation and other complementary skills. Apart from helping in creating additional economic activity and generating employment, foreign investment also facilitates flow of sophisticated technology into the country and helps the industry to march into advanced technology. A favorable business environment fostered Indian economy after 1991, when the government of India opened the door for foreign capital in the way of direct investment and through foreign institutional investors. The policies drafted to stimulate the flow of foreign capital in to India provided much needed impetus for India to emerge as an attractive destination for foreign investors. Consequently, the international capital inflows have been increased tremendously during last two decades. What is Foreign Direct Investment? Any investment that flows from one country into another is known as foreign investment...
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...CHALLENGES OF GLOBALIZATION: HOW BANGLADESH CAN REAP ADAPT ITSELF TO REAP THE BEST BENEFITS IN THE 21ST CENTURY Lt Colonel Sharif Md Abul Hussain Dir Planning and Development, Bangladesh University of Professionals, E-mail: hussain2682@gmail.com ABSTRACT The study investigates specific information regarding the challenges of globalization faced by Bangladesh and how it should prepare itself to coup with the challenges. The result suggest that Bangladesh is not in comfort in coping with the winds of globalization, as it has less access to and use of different opportunities living at the margin in the hierarchies of global order with low technological base, poor infrastructures and governance in most arenas. The study also suggest that Bangladesh needs to be engaged with all its development partners in a healthy and constructive process of interaction on stabilization, reform programme and other critical issues like national capacity building, competitiveness, political stability, cross border terrorism, arms and drug trafficking, climate change and environmental degradation. The policy implication is that various economic policy orientation and utilization of resources should be as such that they can supplement economic growth in a sustainable manner and create avenues for employment. KEY WORDS: Benefit, Environment, Globalization, Governance, Infrastructure, Poverty, Population, Policy, Political stability, Resource 1.0 INTRODUCTION Globalization is a process of expanding trade...
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...orientation which is made up of several culture from the Indian subcontinent over a long period of time implying their strong view of culture in every practice including business and commercial activities. The economic environment in India is fast paced in terms of development however its full potential is not met and the reform by the government has been limited, the institutional shortcomings continue to undermine the current level of development, therefore consideration of investment in India should not be limited to the overall outcome but critically valued. In recent decades India has been largely viewed as an outsourcing destination where companies from other countries mainly ones that has high cost of labour, move their businesses with the aim of cost reduction through the transfer of work, given the high population in the country the average level of graduates will be high, so the ability to transfer educated graduates who speak fluent English is in high supply and considering the wage rate in the region compared to other countries will cut cost considerably for company and that encourages foreign investment. As a software company that is primarily based in Edinburgh (united kingdom) planning on branching out to invest in the Indian emerging market such as the India market must critically evaluate the risk and limitations as it would be operating on a...
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...to be reviewed. It is requested that facts, figures and empirical evidence may be furnished, in the context of the specific observations/suggestions made. 3. The views expressed in this discussion paper should not be construed as the views of the Government of India. The Department hopes to generate informed discussion on the subject, so as to enable the Government to take an appropriate policy decision at the appropriate time. EVOLUTION OF FDI POLICY IN INDIA 4. The evolution of FDI policy in India has broadly gone through four phases[1]. 5. The first phase, between 1948 and 1969, was characterised by a cautious welcome to foreign investment, as outlined in the Industrial Policy Statement of 1948, which observed that the ‘participation of foreign capital and enterprise will be of value to the rapid industrialisation of the country.’ It, however, noted that ‘the conditions under which it may...
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