...element binding system of economic relations into a coherent whole , especially in the formation and development of market relations. The financial market is to establish direct contacts between buyers and sellers of financial of resource. He is one of the most important elements of any economy , because it allows to mobilize available cash flow and efficiently distribute them among those who need them , thus contributing to the activity of economic agents and the economy as a whole. Therefore, this topic is relevant since the inception of commodity-money relations and the emergence of the state with its functions and objectives. The Russian economic science problems of financial market models and methods of its regulation serious attention . Object of research - Russian financial market . Subject of research - development of the financial market in the Russian Federation. The purpose of this coursework is to familiarize with the history of the Russian financial market , revealing its contemporary problems and prospects of development .. To do this, perform the following tasks : • master the basic aspects regarding the financial markets; • familiar with the basic concepts ; • examine the current situation on the world market; An analysis of the financial activities of the state , condition, problems and development of financial markets in Russia ; 1. Financial Markets: the nature, value, function , classification ...
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...in Europe up to 1914. After the outbreak of the Balkan Crisis in 1875, Russia sent troops to help the Balkans to get independence from the control of the Ottoman Empire in the Russo-Turkish War in 1877. She defeated the Turks and forced them to sign the Treaty of San Stefano in 1878. Being afraid of the increase in the Russian influence and power, the powers called the Congress of Berlin in 1878. Although it was held to settle the issues in the Balkans, the political development in Europe was greatly affected. By the Treaty of San Stefano, the Russian influence in the Balkan could increase tremendously. An autonomous ‘Big Bulgaria’ was created under Russian occupation for 2 years. It would inevitably be a mere Russian satellite, a facade for Russian dominance of the Balkans and a springboard from which a Russian attack on Constantinople could be launched at any time. Secondly, Rumania, Serbia and Montenegro were to obtain their independence. Since Russia helped them to get independence, she could win their respect and friendship. Thirdly, Russia could get S. Bessarabia, and so she could control the Danube delta. On the whole, the Russian influence in the Balkans was enhanced. It fulfilled her desire for an expansion into this region. However, the European powers could not tolerate this situation. None could like to see that the balance of power was to be upset by the arrangements made by Russia in the Treaty of San Stefano. So the Congress of Berlin was called to settle...
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...Factors that led to the formation of hostile alliance in Europe from 1800-1900 Odugbesan Opeyemi .A 137479 Umoh nse lina 137493 Idowu Babagbemi .A 13794 Introduction This paper attempts to explain the reason why some European countries joined or formed secret alliances, which was to undermine its purpose of maintaining peace in Europe during our period of study. Shortly after the Franco-Prussian war in 1870, Germany became the European strongest power until the fall of Germany in 1914. The unification of Germany brought about changes to the European diplomatic scene, with the appointment of Otto von Bismarck as the German chancellor in 1871 by Kaiser Williams 1, he reorganized the German military and increased industrialization in Germany. Through Bismarck’s political strategies Germany was able to become European’s instrument for peace and balance of power. According to some research we realize that during the reign of Napoleon Bonarphte coalition were also formed against the French aggression, therefore we can say the alliance systems had been occurring in Europe before the coming of Bismarck, but for the purpose of our study the system of alliance that was going to change the political order of Europe, both in the east and west was formed between 1871-1907. This system of alliance was not aggressive but gradually it generated into the outbreak of the First World War which occurred as a result to the Balkan crisis and various territorial dispute in...
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...and a completion technique. It is used to extract underground natural resources, such as oil, natural gas, and geothermal energy. Industrial hydraulic fracturing is used to enhance subsurface fracture systems. The well stimulation process is used in nine out of ten gas wells in the United States. Generally, millions of gallons of water, sand, and chemical mixtures are pumped underground to break apart the rock formations to release gas. This method is used to facilitate the maximal extraction of natural gas by allowing it to move more freely from rock pores to production wells. This movement causes the oil or gas to come to surface where it can be stored in wells (US EPA, 2012). 2. The process of hydraulic fracturing starts with finding natural gas in underground formations, such as sandstones, carbonates, shale and coal. To gain access to the natural gas, vertical, horizontal, or multi-level wells are drilled to the target formation. Hydraulic fracturing is a completion technique used to create an effective connection between a well and the natural gas formation. Before drilling a well, a drilling and completion plan must be developed and approved by state regulators. Geoscientists and environmental employees then work to collect information about the surface geology of the potential drill site (ConocoPhillips, 2011). A well pad made of cement and dirt is constructed at the surface, and a large hole is drilled to a shallow depth. At the top of the well, a large-diameter...
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...The essay is divided into two main sections; it will first consider the long term causes of World War I. The long term causes of the war are complex and it is difficult to look at the long term causes without looking at the short term causes. Which leads on to the second section of my essay, which is short term causes of World War I. This is because you cannot look at one cause insolation from the other. It will then go on to describe the four main reasons for the long term causes for the war, these being militarism, imperialism, alliances, and nationalism. Followed by the short term causes which essentially kicked it all off. World War I was caused by a combination of several factors, both long and short term, and it was precipitated by an...
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...SRs were probably the biggest group fuelling the 1905 revolution. The social revolutionaries were radical in their ideology, they believed that all land should be taken from the rich and given to the peasants along with completely getting rid of the Tsar. The SR's took radical action to achieve their goals such as assassinating the Tsars uncle grand Duke sergei. The SRs would be one of the main causes of the 1905 revolution as they had such a broad appeal, which certainly made them attractive amongst the uneducated masses, whom are the peasants and the peasants were desperate for change. Peasants would want reform one way or another due to their poor standards of life. although Witte reforms seemed to be the best course of action for Russia, in the long term it was not. Witte increased tax on peasants to feel industrialisation which would have obviously increased peasants will for change since they had no money as it is. Workers in the cities will also feeling the aftermath of Wittes reforms, the economy started to slow down in the late 19th century which led to the workers real incomes falling by 20% which meant that imported goods or necessities couldn't be easily purchased when the price increased Since the workers had such bad living and working conditions on the 22nd of January a priest Father Gapon gathered 150,000 people for a demonstration. Father Gapon had collected signatures of many people for petition to present to the Tsar for better living standards such...
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...Historically, the proper point of comparison is the year 1648 when after thirty years of war a system of modern European state was emerged in Westphalia. The same type of break point was marked in Europe in 1989. Moreover, it has resulted in not just the re-arrangement of the previous system but the formation of a new system. It is based on new forms of statehood in which the states are behaving differently as compared to the past. Furthermore, alliances, interference with the domestic affairs of one another along with the acceptance of the international court’s jurisdiction has highlighted that the present states are less absolute in terms of their independence and sovereignty (Cooper, n.d.). Furthermore, the first and second world war along with the Cold War resulted in devastation in Europe without any form of historical precedent. Moreover, it also froze Europe for almost forty years which allowed new systems and new ideas to emerge in the society. It also resulted in the need to change the state system as the prevailing system which resulted in the unaccepted level of potential and actual destruction (Cooper, n.d.). Hence, this paper is focuses on exploring the formation of state in the early and contemporary times of Europe. The way modern state emerged in Europe and the relationship which is present between the early...
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...Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev was born in Stavropol, Stavropol Krai, USSR (Russia). He was born on March 2, 1931. He was born into a present family of a mixed Russian and Ukrainian family. His father was World War II veteran. He attended Moscow State University and graduated with a law degree in 1955. He would meet his future wife Raisa Titarenko whom he married in 1953. They had one daughter born in 1957. He joined the Communist party in 1950. Mikhail Gorbachev is still alive and is currently 83 years old. He was the only General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union to be born after the October Revolution. The October Revolution was a culmination of The February Revolution, which overthrew the Tsar autocracy of Nicholas II. The October Revolution was the start of Russian Civil War, which was fought between White Russians (non-communist) led by Alexander Kerensky and the Reds (communists) led by Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky. The Russian Civil War lasted until 1922, which saw the formation of USSR with the signing of The Treaty on the Creation of the USSR on December 30, 1922. 2: Rise in The Communist Party...
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...Role of culture in the USSR between the October Revolution and 'Glasnost' The two most significant event in the Soviet Russia history are the Bolsheviks seizing power from the provisional government and the fall of soviet union under Gorbachev. Between this period of time the specific pattern on which leadership evolved is 'Culture'. The deep thought of social engineering brought into light by Lenin and carried out by many leaders following him. The permanent impact of this leadership was very vital on the cultural issues. While most of them wanted to strengthen the soviet regime, paved ways to the other leaders too through cultural influence. In this paper I will argue that, the use of culture throughout the period between October revolution and glasnost was to 'combine' the reformation of values ,renewal of economic system and establishment of leadership. Cultural is an essential tool to motivate the norms of behavior of the citizens. To analyze how this was done by the Bolshevik party and later on follow up leaders we need to understand the three factors associated with it. So based on this three factors I will establish logics associated with the reformation of the values using culture. Firstly, the intention of the Bolshevik party with cultural politics. The arts were a necessary component of the communist project. The Bolsheviks saw the arts as playing an important role in the creation of a truly communist society. It is clear that a progressive and 'proletarian'(1)...
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...of tight oil that were previously thought to be inaccessible. Tight oil, trapped in microscopic pores within impermeable layers of shale, is an unconventional oil reservoir. Unconventional reservoirs cannot be extracted through a traditional ‘well and pump’ procedure. Conversely, conventional oil reservoirs can be extracted through this traditional process. Conventional reservoirs are layers of rock that allow oil to flow relatively easily through a series of pores in the rock, thus are high in porosity and permeability. However, there are a diminishing number of conventional reservoirs, leading to the increased demand for the production unconventional oil – tight oil. Hydraulic fracturing is a technique that creates cracks within shale formations, allowing tight oil to flow freely for efficient and profitable extraction. This process has only recently been utilized to its great potential, and has proven to have profound economic implications. What is shale? Shale is fine-grained sedimentary rock that is often rich in in petroleum and natural gas. Sedimentary rocks are formed through an accumulation of sediment both on earth’s surface and within bodies of water. When shale is formed, the grains of the rock are compacted very tight and thus produce very low porosity and permeability. Porosity allows for the storage of copious amounts of organic material to cook and become oil, while the permeability allows for the oil to flow into large underground basins. Oil trapped in shale’s...
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...Ivan the not so terrible Ivan Vasilyeevich, the fourth ruler of Russia, also called Ivan the Terrible of Russia. He was the ruler and first czar of Russia in the 1400’s, although he is called “the terrible” he did many good things for the, now known, country of Russia. Many historians believe that to the Russian people who lived under the rule of Ivan had one of the worst lives that there could be in Russian history, but no, Ivan unified the Russian people so that only one ruler was in control of all that was inside the Russian borders, he expanded Russia through conquest because of the creation of an organized Russian military, and he ordered the building of St. Basils Cathedral. His rule was one of the most influential to the Russian Federation and how it became to be the Russian federation, and although many professors of history say he was truly a terrible ruler, he did some fantastic things for the Russian civilization. Ivan did some bad things to his country in the time when he was ruling it, and his did some great things, Ivan unified the Russian people, before Russia was a monarch it was ruled by a bunch of fiefdoms that controlled one of the 83 oblasts of modern day Russia. Ivan was the grand prince of Moscow before changing the government and forming a tsarist Russia, with the formation of this new Russia many things changed for the lower classes. The powers of the nobility were pretty much stripped from the high influential nobles almost as to protect the common...
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...about their differences the Arabian tribes were endxomous meaning they were intermarried this made the tribe very cohesive and insulated. Through this intermarriage created their social stricter which was called egalitarian meaning there was little difference among people no matter rich or poor everyone was on the same level. This made it very difficult to have a ranking system in the military. The Turko-Monoglian tribes were exgoumous meaning they married outside of the family this was very important especially with building political alliances. There social structure was hierarchical which made a ranking system in the army very important. How did this difference affect the patter of state formation in pre modern middle east-? These difference affect the pattern of state formation in the pre modern middle east because of having a hieracalce social structure it made it much more easy to create a state or even an empire because of the inside and outside power, along with rankings in the military systems the tribe transformed its self into different caste the ruling elite and the subjects. But what happened with middle eastern tribe was they...
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...TREASURY F DI in Russia Issues and Perspectives Vinay Kumar The wave of Foreign Direct Investment in Russia started during 1990s, when the Law on Joint Ventures with firms from capitalist countries was passed. Initially, there was not much foreign investment. Later, in the year 2003, Russia attracted huge FDI and was placed third in FDI projects in the world, beating both China and the US. This article primarily focuses on FDI in Russia and also discusses some relevant issues. F oreign Direct Investment is seen growing faster than world GDP and is becoming a key factor of foreign investment. There has been a oneway flow of FDI between the developed and developing economies, and a two-way flow of FDI between the developed economies. Russian Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin’s handling of the country’s oil windfall was the mere indication for those who thought that Russia was able to pursue sensible fiscal. He has managed the petroroubles prudently and the contribution he has made to Russia’s economic stability is impressive. Industrial countries like the US, the UK, Japan, Italy, Russia, and Germany have long dominated the FDI flows and totaled to 94% of outflows and over 70% of inflows in 2001. During the period of 1990-2000, the inflows in developing countries grew by an average of 23% per year. Later in 2001, these inflows declined to 13% (US$215 bn) affecting inflows into Brazil, Argentina, and Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (SAR). Putting these three economies...
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...Russia and World Trade Organization Subject: International Business Professor: 梁学宏 Student: Kirilenko Viktoriia, vikir27@mail.ru Class: IB2013 Date: 13 December 2015 Table of Content Introduction…………………………………………………………………….3 Goals and Objectives of the Accession to the WTO……………………4 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Accession to the WTO………5 Conditions of Accession to the WTO……………………………………...6 * Terms and Conditions of Russia’s Accession to the WTO * Unfavorable Institutional Environment * Russia Does Not Have Effective Mechanism to Support Domestic Business * Phytosanitary Standards: Good Conditions and Poor Implementation * Sources of Growth of Exports to Russia Are Limited Overall Assessment of Impact of Accession to the WTO…………….10 * Missed Opportunities for Growth * The Overall Picture Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………13 References.……………………………………………………………………15 Introduction Russian economy can effectively develop only in close cooperation with international market of goods and services, in spite of huge potential and resources. It also required by the state reforms inside the country. However, World Trade Organization (WTO) states the rules of game on the international market, on time of international globalization. WTO unify about 160 countries and covers more than 95% of turnover of international trade. Russia should enter to WTO considering strategic...
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...The Vietnam War Prior to the war in Vietnam, Americans were enjoying post-war prosperity with the acquisiton of homes and new home conveniences such as dishwashers and televisions. They were comfortable, relatively affluent, and becoming quite complacent while living the American dream. The youth of the 1960’s are responsible for the creation of the counter-culture formation. They rejected the perfect American life they inherited from their parent’s generation and many of the fundamental values that their parents tried to instill in them. The children of the post-war generation grew up with many luxuries and advantages their parents had not been privy to. Leaving home to attend college gave many students the freedom to participate in various movements for causes. The lack of parental supervision, and the ability to mobilize with other like minds created the environment that they could correct the wrongs of American society. The War in Vietnam was a perfect platform for their voices to be heard. In the mid 1960’s, a poll showed that more than half the population was opposed to the war. The formation of youth movements were created. The Students for a Democratic Society called on students to help build a society based on “participatory democracy” was the most well known. The U.S. and the South Vietnamese joint invasion on Cambodia triggered more protests on college campuses as the invasion was in violation of international law. Students, fellow Americans and soldiers...
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