...Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Master slave relationship and dialectic Fanon - Black Skin White Masks Black Skin and Hegel Self Consciousness “In this experience self-consciousness learns that life is essential to it as pure self-consciousness. One (self-consciousness) is self-sufficient; for it, its essence is being-for-itself. The other is non-self-sufficient, for it, life, that is, being for an other, is the essence. The former is the master, the latter is the servant” (Hegel 189). Hegel suggests in the dialectic that there is coherence between subject and object, concrete and abstract, part and whole, and for the purpose of dialectic, master and slave. Hegel believes that “master” is a “consciousness.” The consciousness defines itself in mutual relations to what is referred to as slave’s consciousness. This occurs in a process of mutual interdependence and mediation. Hegel uses his Phenomenology of Spirit to provide his understanding and exposition of master slave dialectic as an account of both the need of recognition and emergence of self-consciousness. Hegel’s line of thought and work plays a crucial role in Fanon’s exposition of the colonization by the Western. Fanon exposition focuses more on violence and race. Violence adds urgency, complicates and is driven by the need for recognition. An optimistic and promising moment lurks in Fanon’s Black Skin White Masks. The promising moment in Fanon’s work is articulated in a humanity characterization...
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...Scholars of the Haitian Revolution have also considered the role that African ideas may have played in the Haitian Revolution. In ““I Am The Subject of the King of Congo”: African Political Ideology and the Haitian Revolution”, John Thornton contends for the role of Congolese political history and thinking in influencing the Haitian Revolution. At the time of the Haitian revolution the majority slaves in Haiti were of Congolese origin or descent. Thornton contends against earlier interpretations which interpreted the slaves’ African political heritage as encouraging a support for absolute monarchy and slavery. He analyzes the political practices of Congolese Kingship and the dynamics of the civil wars which had taken place in the 18th century,...
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... A. An amendment to the U.S. Constitution changes laws for the entire country. Three amendments changed laws especially for African Americans. Explain how each of the following amendments changed the law for African Americans. (10 points total)! ! a. Thirteenth Amendment (3 points)! ! ! The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It freed all African Americans and prevented them from being forced to return to slavery.! ! ! b. Fourteenth Amendment (4 points)! ! ! ! c. Fifteenth Amendment (3 points)! ! ! ! The amendment addresses citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws, and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War. All African Americans were now counted for purposes of representation.! The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's “race, color, or previous condition of servitude”. Therefore it gave Black men the right to vote. ! B. Answer the following questions:(10 points)! ! a. What challenges did the United States face in redefining the Union after the war? (1 pt).! ! ! Reuniting the Union of the United State was a huge...
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...The planters argued that slavery was good for the African Americans because it gave them a chance to become more civilized, but people were beginning to think differently. Many people did not know what was actually happening on slave plantations. Novelists began publishing articles and books that described what they were seeing so that other people could get a sense of how the African Americans were really being treated. After slavery ended former slaves began telling their stories, and evidence was collected to validate what actually happened. The slaves wanted to let people know that their lives were not as simple as some people perceived it to be because being physically punished, abused, and owned by another human is far short of living a trouble free life. Some of the slaves did not mind being punished as long as they were given food, but others would have rather been poor than to be abused by their owners. Owners and non-slave owners wanted to instill fear in the eyes of slaves because they did not want them to rebel. They wanted them to be ignorant and dependent of whites, so they passed laws to eliminate any chance of slaves getting an education, which was important to becoming a free African American. Owners also put fear into female slaves by sexually exploiting them, and there was nothing that could be done because those kinds of things were kept...
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...The major improvements of the slaves came shortly after the end of the Civil War when the slaves attained freedom and had granted citizenship from the nation, in which it was guaranteed by the thirteenth and the fourteenth amendments. Followed by the black suffrage, which will eventually become the fifteenth amendment, the freedmen was now equal as the whites under the Constitution. However, the South who had treated freedmen as slaves a while ago experienced difficulties admitting this equality. Although former slaves had rights and freedom, in reality, they weren’t treated equally at all, especially in the South, due to the state-level legal codes of segregation known as Jim Crow Laws. It has brought varying reactions among the African-American community, which they demonstrated resentments as well as minority idea of returning to Africa. “The white man must and will rule.” According to this standard, the southern states enacted literacy requirements, voter-registration laws, and poll to ensure disfranchisement of the black population. Out of all,...
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...I only learned today that "contraband" during the Civil War referred to runaway slaves who were liberated when they appeared in Union military camps. This was about the time of the Emancipation Proclamation. President Lincoln was hesitant to make the war about human rights, knowing that if he did, states that had slaves and were loyal to the Union, would join the Confederacy if they believed their right to hold slaves was threatened. However, when approximately 600,000 slaves escaped to Union territories and army camps, the military leaders had to decide whether to keep them or send them back to their owners. Most decided to keep them, and declared that they were "contraband," seized during a military encounter. Many of these former slaves joined the Union cause to fight against the South. Ultimately, the Emancipation Proclamation was finally adopted, freeing all slaves taken during military defeats of the enemy; states that were a part of the Union freed their slaves; and, the passage of the 13th Amendment outlawed the keeping of slaves. With the information above, "contraband" had new meaning for me when I read Louisa May Alcott's "My Contraband," also known as "The Brothers." Ms. Alcott was a staunch abolitionist and feminist. She actually served as a nurse in a Union hospital in Georgetown in D.C. for several weeks. In light of this, the story takes on implications of possibly being a story that did or could have actually occurred, something she might have observed...
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...The uprising of nearly 100,000 slaves in Saint-Domingue from 1791-1804 was the largest insurrection of slaves in history. The Haitian Revolution resulted in the creation of the first successful independent freed slave state in the world, a fact that rocked the socio-political, economic, and moral foundations of the Caribbean.[1] However, in the period following the Revolution, there is a noted increase of slavery in the Caribbean as a whole. Did the success of the Haitian uprising merely serve as a lesson for Caribbean planters and reinforce the slave society? To answer this question one must examine the factors that led to the Revolution’s success both externally, in the European metropoles, and internally, in the psychological and socio-political dynamics of Caribbean societies. Therefore, the Haitian Revolution appeared to impede abolition in the Caribbean in the short term because it reinforced white stereotypes of African savagery and inferiority, convinced planters of the danger of liberal and abolitionist ideals, and created a large void in the coffee and sugar markets which other colonies quickly filled by introducing more slave labor. While these effects should not be minimized, they were merely the logical aftershock of the tumultuous events in the established racial hierarchy. Ultimately, the Haitian Revolution was a major turning point in abolitionist history because it restructured the balance of power in the Caribbean thereby allowing a political gap for British...
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...clauses in the Act about an Apprenticeship system which delayed complete emancipation until 1838. The Apprenticeship system was originally applied to the plan instituted in the interval between slavery and emancipation to prepare the slaves to assume the duties of freemen. The new law freed immediately those slaves under the age of six years old; however older slaves were to be ‘apprenticed’ for up to eight years. There were many justifications given for Apprenticeship; it was used to soften the blow of emancipation by giving the planters a few more years of free labour, while conceding to the slaves their right to freedom. The earlier proposals of an Apprenticeship period of twelve years show clearly that it was designed to appease the planters and persuade the slaves into thinking that they were free. What the British colonial government really wanted before full emancipation was to reduce the amount of slaves leaving the plantation, ensure sugar productions remain constant and prevent major disturbances in all British colonies that were under the Apprenticeship system. However, although the British colonial government anticipated for this to happen, their resolve was thwarted by the disgruntle ex-slaves in many British colonies such as the ex-slaves in Jamaica who made their dissatisfaction known through various acts. Therefore this paper will analyze and highlight the apprenticeship period in Jamaica while justifying that the system was unsuccessful based on what the colonial...
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...Indirect Characterization: The process by which the personality of a fictitious character is revealed through a character's speech, actions, appearance, etc. (Dictionary.com). Example: “KELLER: ‘You marry that girl and you're pronouncing him dead. Now what's going to happen to mother? Do you know? I don't’” (1;368). Context: Joe is worried that his wife, Kate, will never come to terms with the fact that Larry is dead. Kate’s recurring dreams and inability to sleep after Larry has been missing for three years has taken a hefty toll on her. Ann, Larry’s former girlfriend, returns to the neighborhood and Chris plans to ask sher hand in marriage. Concept and Analysis: This indirect characterization shows Kate’s inability to let go of...
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...southerners and about the degrading of blacks that occurs in the testimonies of the Klu Klux Klan, letter from Jourdan Anderson, and the Black Codes of Mississippi. I will also show the absence of the Reconstruction methods, like voting rights and new opportunities for blacks, which were to be put into place after the Civil War. The letter from Jourdan Anderson is such an incredible piece that will be treasured by future generations trying to understand the mindsets of southerners during such a crucial time in history. The words used by Mr. Anderson are perfectly put together to show his former slave master exactly how he feels about him. The old master does not know any better when it comes to consulting his former slave. The master grew up where he was always above blacks, so when he sends his letter to his former slave, he believes in his mind he is being courteous to give his former slave a job. This letter just further explains how difficult it was for reconstruction in the South, because whites could not understand the mindset that blacks had the same rights and opportunities as whites do. The letter offers a sense of exposure to his master of the events that happened while Mr. Anderson and his family worked for him. Mr. Anderson wants to make his old...
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...action there is an equal reaction, well that holds very true in John Brown’s case. For every action he took against slavery there was an equal reaction, or a far worse reaction from his opponents (pro-slavery supporters). What led John Brown to his actions in trying to end slavery? What was the equal or far worse reaction from his pro-slavery opponents? This first action was not taken by John Brown but by Congress and the action was not anti-slavery but pro-slavery the action was The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850, was passed by the United States Congress on September 18th 1850, as part of the Compromise of 1850 between Southern slave-holding interests and Northern free soils. This was one of the most controversial acts of the 1850 compromise and heightened Northern fears of a slave rebellion. It declared that all runaway slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their owners/masters. Abolitionists nicknamed it the "Bloodhound Law" for the dogs that were used to track down runaway slaves. After this was passed by Congress, there was an equal reaction on part of John Brown, he founded a militant group to prevent the capture of runaway slaves, and he called it The League of Gileadites. In the Bible the Mount Gilead was the place where only the bravest of Israelites would gather together to face an invading enemy. Brown on leaving Springfield in 1850, Brown instructed the League of Gileadites to act "quickly, quietly, and efficiently" to protect slaves that escaped to Springfield...
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...In the wake of the Civil War, Congress acceded to pressure to have the federal government intercede to secure African Americans' rights. What were some of the long-range effects of that government posture? The Union Victory in the Civil War in 1865 granted freedom to approximately 4 million slaves, however, the process of rebuilding the South during the Reconstruction period 1865-1877 brought a lot of challenges. In 1865 and 1866 under the supervision of President Andrew Johnson, new Southern state legislatives passed the “black codes” to control the labor and behavior of former slaves and other African Americans. During the Radical Reconstruction in 1869, new enfranchised blacks had a voice in the government for the first time in American history, winning election southern state legislatives, including U.S. Congress. However, forces like Ku Klux Klan reversed changes brought by Radical Reconstruction in a violent reaction that restored white supremacy in the South. In 1865, President Andrew Johnson announced his plans for Reconstruction. According to him, the southern states had never given up their right to govern themselves, and the federal government had no right to determine voting requirements. Under Johnson’s Presidential Reconstruction, all lands that had been confiscated by Union Army would be reverted to their prewar owners. Due to Johnson’s leniency, many southern states in 1865 and 1866 successfully passed laws known as the “black codes,” which were designed...
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...Abigail Parks SOCI 4311 Dr. P.Davis January 17, 2012 Reaction #1 In summary, in periodic episodes of history, African Americans endured horrendous acts of mistreatment during slavery. All aspects of African American lives were dictated by shareholders. Enslaved African Americans lived with the constant possibility of separation through the sale of family members. Families were separated due to sale, escape, early death from poor health and suicide. At the time that they had to face their greatest crisis during the abolishment of slavery, freed slaves were left to their own strategies to face freedom. The legislature passed laws designed to keep African Americans in poverty and in position of servitude. To benefit African American integration into society, the government executed many reform laws. Despite these and other measures to protect the former slaves, a number of racist groups sought to keep African Americans completely disenfranchised through harassment or intimidation. In 1896 the Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that African Americans be segregated in all areas of life. To escape intimidation, just before the outbreak of World War I, many blacks traveled north to seek opportunities. By the 1960’s the most unconcealed forms of racial discrimination came to an end. African Americans had been lifted out of poverty as a result of the many economic opportunities created by the civil rights movement. Also important, the civil rights movement served as a model for...
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...Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction in 1863. Lincoln created another plan to move reconstruction forward and this was the Ten Percent Plan. The Ten Percent Plan specified that a Southern state could be readmitted to the Union after ten percent of its voters swore an oath of allegiance to the Union. This plan effectively and efficiently ended the war quickly although radical republicans clamored for a higher percentage of people to swear an oath to the Union. It was definitely a plan that enticed the South to surrender quickly. Similar to Lincoln, President Johnson wanted to get Reconstruction completed in a short amount of time. As President he helped return land that was taken from Southerners back to them and issued a lot of pardons to former Confederate officers and officials. Johnson also agreed that if each state accepted the thirteenth amendment which had abolished slavery, they would be able to rejoin the Union. Johnson deemed that Reconstruction was over in...
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...An escaped slave, Frederick Douglass, went against current times with the possibility of being apprehended and executed became an abolitionist. Despite the fact that he was an ex-slave, he taught himself how to read and became a man of many words. His passions led him to prove society wrong, with the notion that slaves would not gain enough intelligence to become an independent member of society. He did the unthinkable; he spoke with great intellect as a modern leader of African Americans at many public affairs. In doing so, he paved the way for other great African American abolitionist leaders such as W.E.B Dubois. He was a man with many different endeavors. Frederick Douglass also published an auto biography that was the most widely published work in African American literature. Lastly, his political position was also a great example for other great African American politicians to come. Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey was a slave but changed his name to Frederick Douglass after he escaped successfully from his slave owner. Born and raised in Tuckahoe, Talbot County, Maryland at Holme Hill Farm. His mother was also a slave and her name was Harriet Bailey. As for his father, he did not know exactly who he was; however, it was believed to be a white man, his master, Aaron Anthony. At the time slave owners did have sexual relations with their slaves, however, were kept hidden due to many factors but most apparent was the conditions of society. Slave owners had...
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