...CHAPTER The Foundations of Entrepreneurship Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 1 The World of the Entrepreneur Every year U.S. entrepreneurs launch 550,000 new businesses. Entrepreneurial spirit - the most significant economic development in recent history. GEM study: 18.7% of adult population in the U.S. is actively involved in trying to start a new business. Ch. 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 1-2 Dunia kewirausahaan Tiap tahun wirausahawan di AS meluncurkan 550.000 usaha baru Semangat kewirausahaan – perkembangan ekonomi yang paling signifikan dalam sejarah Penelitian GEM : 18,7% orang dewasa di AS secara aktif berusaha menciptakan bisnis baru. baru. Ch. 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 1-3 Ch. 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 1-4 The World of the Entrepreneur Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) study reports: Men are twice as likely to start a business as women. Most entrepreneurs turn to family members and friends for capital. Entrepreneurs are most likely to launch businesses when they are between the ages of 25 and 44. Ch. 1: The Foundations of Entrepreneurship Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education 1-5 Dunia kewirausahaan Hasil penelitian GEM : Pria memiliki kecenderungan dua kali lebih besar dari perempuan untuk memulai usaha. usaha. Kebanyakan wirausaha akan...
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...Entrepreneurship As for entrepreneurship and entrepreneur, there neither is a legal framework in place as how to use them, nor is it defined as a legal term. Various authors and institutions tried to tackle that uncertainty by describing entrepreneurship, some of those illustrations are shown in the following paragraphs. Arcs, & Audretsch (2010: 2-5) provide the reader with an overview of multifarious definitions of entrepreneurship, which can be found in the scientific literature and which are provided by several institutions. For example they refer to the Academy of Management(AM), an international organisation, which operates in over 106 countries and has 18000 members. This organisation defines entrepreneurship very wide. They perceive entrepreneurship in connection with many other fields; two of the many themes the AM deals with are for example the ecological impact and management succession. On the other hand it is important to note the Academy’s entrepreneurship division exclusively handles small businesses, family businesses and new businesses, which means it excludes entrepreneurship in major non-family business....
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP SUBMITTED BY APOORV CHITNIS FOR THE DEGREE OF THE BACHELOR OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF PROF. BHUMIKA MORE SIES COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, NERUL, NAVI MUMBAI-400706 ACADEMIC YEAR 2011-2012 DECLARATION I, APOORV CHITNIS, studying in T.Y.B.M.S, of S.I.E.S COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, NERUL hereby declare that I have completed the project on SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP in the year 2011 – 2012 as per the requirements of Mumbai University as a part of Bachelor in Management Studies (B.M.S) programme. DATE: PLACE: NAVI MUMBAI __________________ APOORV CHITNIS CERTIFICATE I, BHUMIKA MORE hereby certify that APOORV CHITNIS student OF S.I.E.S COLLEGE OF ARTS, SCIENCE AND COMMERCE, NERUL has completed his field work project on the topic of “SOCIAL ENTREPRENUERSHIP” in the Academic Year 2011-12. The project is based on bonafide information. _________________ _______________ ______________ Prof. Bhumika More Prof. Smita. R Dr. Rita Basu (Project Guide) (BMS Coordinator) (Principal) ________________ External Examiner ACKNOWLEDGEMENT My thanks to my project guide, Prof. Bhumika More for assisting me in every way possible and gently steering...
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...realization of the objectives by 2015. The effect of entrepreneurial development on poverty reduction The impact of privatization on Nigerian economic development and growth. Evaluate the impact of different reforms in the Nigerian reforms on the Nigeria economy. Women entrepreneurial development (WED) and poverty: what a paradox The impact of women entrepreneurs in SMEs on poverty alleviation Evaluate the cultural factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the financial factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Evaluate the environmental factors in Nigeria and entrepreneurial development. Gender, entrepreneurship and globalization: Barriers and prospects. Intrapreneurship and achievement of organizational objectives Evaluate intrapreneurship as a motivational concept in an organization Assess the impact of entrepreneurship and youth development. Assess the functions and activities of Nigerian Opportunities Industrialization Centre and National Office for technology acquisition and promotion (NOTAP) Evaluate the 7-points agenda of the present democratic government and its implication to entrepreneurial development Privatization, trade liberalization and economic development:...
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...this there have been multiple calls for educators at all levels to recognize the challenges and opportunities in today’s economy and to ensure that students develop the “21st century” knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs) they need. A closer look at these 21st century KSAs alongside research and data on entrepreneurial competencies reveals a meaningful overlap between the two. This overlap can be developed into a useful heuristic to determine appropriate outcomes for assessment of undergraduate entrepreneurship programs. Sample outcomes and program assessment processes are illustrated and discussed. INTRODUCTION As the “new” economy of the 21st century continues to develop around knowledge, service, and information based activities, a company’s ability to create and commercialize knowledge has become tantamount to its ability to generate sustainable returns (Apte, Karmarkar, & Nath, 2008; Audretsch & Thurik, 2000; Black & Lynch, 2003; Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, 2007). This emphasis on knowledge, service, and information creates space for more new firms to emerge, but also pressures existing companies to hire employees with higher level skills in order...
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...Social Entrepreneurship and the work that a social entrepreneur does. The Report is a guide to learn Social Entrepreneurship through Handson experience. The Report covers my experience in starting a Social Enterprise, difficulties I encountered during the time and how to make a Social Enterprise a Viable option. This report covers everything from rise of this term Social Entrepreneur, to work done by Social Entrepreneurs, to the Entrepreneurial theories and approaches they follow or must follow. This report also describes several Social Ventures and the people behind those ventures who have brought about a positive social change. Social Entrepreneurship is a relatively new phenomenon and the excitement it has created throughout the world because of the impact it has had is tremendous. This report thus describes what learning social entrepreneurship through hands-on experience is. The Report also lists the various people I contacted for Sponsorship and the manner in which they supported the project. 5 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 03 ABSTRACT 04 1. SKILL DEVELOPMENT AND SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 06 1.1 INTRODUCTION 1.2 OBJECTIVES 1.3 METHODOLOGY 1.4 DATA COLLECTION 1.5 CHAPTER SCHEME 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 11 3. HISTORY 17 4. MODERN SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 22 5. SOME OUTSTANDING EXAMPLES 27 6. THEORIES OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP 33 7. CONCLUSION 38 8. BIBILIOGRAPHY 39 6 CHAPTER-1 SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP 1.1 INTRODUCTION: Social entrepreneurship is the...
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...>cases A GEM of a Study >Abstract In periods of economic downturn, government leaders try to stimulate entrepreneurship activity. Project directors of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor, partnered with the Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership of Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation, the London School of Business and Babson College,designed a research study to add insight to what activities would be most likely to stimulate entreprenship activities. >The Scenario What government policies and initiatives are most likely to generate high levels of entrepreneurial activity? Which are positively correlated with the economic well-being of a country as measured by growth in GDP and job formation? Project directors of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), who define entrepreneurship as “any attempt at new business or new venture creation, such as self-employment, a new business organization, or the expansion of an existing business, by an individual, a team of individuals, or an established business,” suggest the following: • • • • • • Promoting entrepreneurship, especially outside the most active age group (25– 44), with specific programs that support entrepreneurial activity. Facilitating the availability of resources to women to participate in the entrepreneurial process. Committing to long-term, substantial postsecondary education, including training programs designed to develop skills required to start a business. Emphasis on developing an individual’s capacity...
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...>cases A GEM of a Study >Abstract The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor Entrepreneurial Assessment, a joint project of The Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership at Babson College and The London Business School, has undertaken a long-term, large-scale project to prove the causal links between a government’s economic policies and initiatives, the resulting entrepreneurial activity and subsequent economic growth. This case describes multiplestage research, including thousands of interviews in several countries by established research firms. >The Scenario What government policies and initiatives are most likely to generate high levels of entrepreneurial activity? Which are positively correlated with the economic well-being of a country as measured by growth in GDP and job formation? Project directors of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), who define entrepreneurship as “Any attempt at new business or new venture creation, such as self-employment, a new business organization, or the expansion of an existing business, by an individual, a team of individuals, or an established business,” suggest the following: • Promoting entrepreneurship, especially outside the most active age group (25-44), with specific programs that support entrepreneurial activity. • Facilitating the availability of resources to women to participate in the entrepreneurial process. • Committing to long-term, substantial postsecondary education, including training programs designed to develop...
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...CONFERENCE ON "India Emerging: Opportunities and Challenges" THEME Enablers to Development Sub-Themes Entrepreneurship Topic: Social Entrepreneurship Author 1*: Digvijay Singh Affiliation: Student of Department of Business Management NIT Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana E-mail: digvijay.singh572@gmail.com Author 2: Aakriti Mittal Affiliation: Student of Department of Business Management NIT Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana E-mail: aakriti21@gmail.com Author 3: Vaishali arora Affiliation: Student of Department of Business Management NIT Kurukshetra 136119, Haryana E-mail: vaishaliarora1@gmail.com *Author to contact in case of any query. Social entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is a topic of interest to academics, business people, and governments around the world. The dynamism and vitality of entrepreneurship research is reflected in the flow of new ideas and themes in the entrepreneurship literature. For many, mainstream entrepreneurship is inextricably bound with the creation of new technology firms, however, this is only part of a wide and varied terrain. The focus of this paper is social entrepreneurship - those activities associated with the perception of opportunities to create social value and the creation of social...
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...the global topic of entrepreneurship, review entrepreneur traits and social entrepreneurship trends. Studies suggest entrepreneurs post success possess common traits, suggesting traits can be acquired. With these strong traits, entrepreneurs have the potential to produce substantial change on all levels of the triple bottom line. Profitability is equally as important to both commercial and social entrepreneurs. However, it is where they funnel their profits and their driving forces that differ. With so many social issues globally, there are a myriad of social entrepreneurship trends. However, this report focuses on community-supported agriculture, youth homelessness and support for refugee women, all of which are in need of extra support from social entrepreneurship. Contents 1.0 Introduction 1 2.0 Section 1: Overview of Entrepreneurship 2 2.1 Entrepreneurs 2 2.2 Social Entrepreneur 4 3.0 Section 2: Current Trends in Social Entrepreneurship 7 3.1 Community Supported Agriculture 7 3.2 Social Integration and Employment for Refugee Women 9 3.3 Youth Homelessness 10 4.0 Conclusion 11 5.0 References 12 1.0 Introduction The purpose of the report is to review entrepreneurship, identify the traits of an entrepreneur, and examine the factors that differentiate social and commercial entrepreneurship. Whilst entrepreneurship is considered a driving...
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...The general relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship in organization is universally believed as complementing and interacting with each other. From perspective of innovation, it is the base of entrepreneurship. Just as the theory put forward by Ireland, Hitt, Camp and Sexon, that “the successful entrepreneurial venture is usually based on a significant innovation.” It can be proved by a simple model of the entrepreneurial process presented by Brazeal and Herbert revealing that innovation is the foundation of entrepreneurship.In this model, authors considered the ultimate entrepreneurial event is driven by psychological innovation, which is the consequence of creativity plus technical innovation. Meanwhile the original change leading to technical innovation is environmental change (Brazeal Herbert, 1999). From perspective of entrepreneurship, it is the inspiration of innovation. A significant problem that an increasing number of companies have realized is that a strong entrepreneurial approach to innovative activities is necessary to their external market and internal organization (Ortt and Smits, 2006). Obviously, it is a manager rather than an entrepreneur who lacks of entrepreneurship contributes to this problem due to changeless organizational routines combined with entrepreneurial awareness. Consequently, Thornpson accentuated that “if we want more innovation, we need more entrepreneur”. However, consider above all, based on much controversy about “who is the...
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...Innovations in Engineering and Technology (IJIET) Social Entrepreneurship: A Growing Trend in Indian Economy Dr. Partap Singh Head & Asstt. Professor, Deptt. of Management studies S. D. Institute of Technology and Mgt. (SDITM) Israna, Panipat, Haryana Abstract - Social entrepreneurs can help get better various issues like nutrition, education and health care and many are still blighted by unemployment and illiteracy by helping those less fortunate towards a worthwhile life. Rather than leaving societal needs to the government or business sectors, they can solve the problem by changing the system. Social entrepreneurship is expected to be the next big thing to influence India as the country juggles to achieve a balance between a growing GDP growth, ensuring inclusive growth and attempting to address issues ranging from education, energy efficiency to climate change. This paper attempts an analytical, critical and synthetic examination of social entrepreneurship in India. Key words: Social venture, inclusive growth, and social problems. I. INTRODUCTION Social entrepreneurship is the recognition of a social problem and the uses of entrepreneurial principles to organize create and manage a social venture to achieve a desired social change. While a business entrepreneur typically measures performance in profit and return, a social entrepreneur also measures positive returns to society. Thus, the main aim of social entrepreneurship is to further broaden social, cultural, and environmental...
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...What is social entrepreneurship? The animation is made to explain the concept of social entrepreneurship to the general public and raise awareness of the importance of this type of business.... Social entrepreneurship is the attempt to draw upon business techniques to find solutions to social problems.This concept may be applied to a variety of organizations with different sizes, aims, and beliefs. Conventional entrepreneurs typically measure performance in profit and return, but social entrepreneurs also take into account a positive return to society. Social entrepreneurship typically attempts to further broad social, cultural, and environmental goals is often associated with the voluntary sector. At times, profit also may be a consideration for certain companies or other social enterprises. There are continuing arguments over precisely who counts as a social entrepreneur. Thus far, there has been no consensus on the definition of social entrepreneurship, so many different sorts of fields and disciplines are associated with social entrepreneurship. Philanthropists, social activists, environmentalists, and other socially oriented practitioners are referred to as social entrepreneurs. For a clearer definition of what social entrepreneurship entails, it is necessary to set the function of social entrepreneurship apart from other socially oriented activities and identify the boundaries within which social entrepreneurs operate.[4] Some have advocated restricting the term...
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...the hardships associated with its operationalization have not been fully understood or discussed. Therefore, for a better understanding of the dynamics in the operationalization of this concept, we begin this report with a review of some of the accepted views on social entrepreneurship, which reflect the practical issues that stand in the way of translating the concept into action. To begin, we quote Martin and Osberg (2007: 39), who highlight the need for clarity in the definition of social entrepreneurship: Our view is that a clearer definition of social entrepreneurship will aid the development of the field. The social entrepreneur should be understood as someone who targets an unfortunate but stable equilibrium that causes the neglect, marginalization, or suffering of a segment of humanity; who brings to bear on this situation his or her inspiration, direct action, creativity, courage, and fortitude; and who aims for and ultimately affects the establishment of a new stable equilibrium that secures permanent benefit for the targeted group and society at large. This definition, when read in correlation with the example of the cafeteria employing the disabled, shows that though the process of social entrepreneurship may appear to be a simplistic model woven around an economic activity, it is an extremely...
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...The past thirty years have witnessed the most powerful emergence of entrepreneurial activity in the world. Entrepreneurs are now described as aggressive catalysts for change in the world of business; individuals who recognize opportunities where others see chaos, contradiction, or confusion. They have been compared to Olympic athletes challenging themselves to break new barriers, to longdistance runners dealing with the agony of the miles, to symphony orchestra conductors who balance the different skills and sounds into a cohesive whole, or to top-gun pilots who continually push the envelope of speed and daring. The U.S. economy has been revitalized because of the efforts of entrepreneurs, and the world has turned now to free enterprise as a model for economic development. The passion and drive of entrepreneurs move the world of business forward as they challenge the unknown and continuously create the future (Kuratko, 2002). Several methods have been used to measure the impact of entrepreneurial ventures on the economy—for example, efforts to start a firm (which may not be successful), incorporation of a firm (which may never go into business), changes in net tax returns filed (reflecting new filings minus filings no longer received), and a substantial amount of full-time and part-time self-employment. According to the Small Business Administration, 672,000 new businesses were created in 2005; the largest in US history (even 12% higher than the...
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