...Reflection of Group Assignments with Utilization of Professional Ethical Lens Inventory INTRODUCTION “Knowing’ ethical theories, principles, values, and morals, and ‘understanding’ how to apply them must go hand in hand” (Pozgar, 2013, p. 173). We have been asked to view many different ethical dilemmas and decide which course of action would best fit the given situation. There is no right or wrong choice. Each ethical decision is based upon the make up of one’s morality. “It is a guide to behavior that all rational persons would put forward for governing the behavior of all moral agents” (Pozgar, 2013, p. 57). To better understand our individual morality, we were asked to complete a series of 36 questions that would determine our own ethical viewpoint and how we utilize it to come to a conclusion. According to Baird, there are four ethical frameworks that are utilized upon attempting to solve an ethical dilemma. These frameworks are based upon four core values: rationality, sensibility, autonomy, and equality. Each framework is compromised of two of these four values. (Baird, 2005) There were two different scenarios that were completed individually in which we had to make an ethical decision based upon our own ethical lens. We then came together as a group to make the same decision again, but this time the decision needed to be made unanimously. Many frameworks were represented as we worked through each scenario and choice to come to a clear consensus. These frameworks...
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...1 Reflection Reflection is an everyday process. We reflect on a range of everyday problems and situations all the time: What went well? What didn’t? Why? How do I feel about it? We don’t usually follow a formula for this, it just happens as feelings, thoughts and emotions about something gradually ‘surface’. We might choose to do something differently, or not, as a result of reflecting, but reflection is essentially a kind of loose processing of thoughts and feelings about an incident, a meeting, a day – any event or experience at all. Reflection can be a more structured way of processing in order to deal with a problem. This type of reflection may take place when we have had time to stand back from something, or talk it through, as in: ‘On reflection, I think you might be right’, or ‘On second thoughts, I realised he was more upset than me.’ Structured reflection If we consciously reflect, maybe as part of our work or family role, there tends to be a rough process of ‘How did it go? What went well? Why? What didn’t? Why? What next?’ Examples might be of a football coach reflecting after a match, a teacher reflecting on a lesson, or simply a parent thinking about how best to deal with a teenager. In this kind of reflection, the aim is to look carefully at what happened, sort out what is really going on and explore in depth, in order to improve, or change something for next time. This brief guide will look at what is meant by reflection, suggest forms of structured...
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...1 Reflection Reflection is an everyday process. We reflect on a range of everyday problems and situations all the time: What went well? What didn’t? Why? How do I feel about it? We don’t usually follow a formula for this, it just happens as feelings, thoughts and emotions about something gradually ‘surface’. We might choose to do something differently, or not, as a result of reflecting, but reflection is essentially a kind of loose processing of thoughts and feelings about an incident, a meeting, a day – any event or experience at all. Reflection can be a more structured way of processing in order to deal with a problem. This type of reflection may take place when we have had time to stand back from something, or talk it through, as in: ‘On reflection, I think you might be right’, or ‘On second thoughts, I realised he was more upset than me.’ Structured reflection If we consciously reflect, maybe as part of our work or family role, there tends to be a rough process of ‘How did it go? What went well? Why? What didn’t? Why? What next?’ Examples might be of a football coach reflecting after a match, a teacher reflecting on a lesson, or simply a parent thinking about how best to deal with a teenager. In this kind of reflection, the aim is to look carefully at what happened, sort out what is really going on and explore in depth, in order to improve, or change something for next time. This brief guide will look at what is meant by reflection, suggest forms...
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...objectives. Since the main focus of the study is on the importance of guided reflection and reflective training to promote student teachers’ critical reflective thinking, it therefore, seeks to address the underlying premise of reflective practice, the defining terms as well as the related studies so far in the area of interest. 2.1 A Perspective of Effective Teaching The concept of effective teaching underpins the goal of this research study. According to Arends (1994, p. 9), effective teaching is defined by four sets of attributes namely knowledge-base, repertoire, reflection and life-long learning. These four attributes of an effective teacher are illustrated as follows: * Effective teachers have control of knowledge bases on teaching and learning and use this knowledge to guide the science and art of their practice. * Effective teachers command a repertoire of best teaching practices (models, strategies, procedures) and can use these to instruct children in classrooms and to work with adults in the school setting. * Effective teachers have the dispositions and skills to approach all aspects of their work in a reflective, collegial, and problem-solving manner. * Effective teachers view learning to teach as a lifelong process and have dispositions and skills for working toward improving their own teaching as well as improving schools. (Arends , 1998, p. 9) Repertoire Reflection Lifelong learning Knowledge base ...
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...Family Therapy: A Systemic Integration, 8th Edition PART 1 THE SYSTEMIC FRAMEWORK Chapter 1: Two Different Worldviews The Framework of Individual Psychology The Framework of Systemic Family Therapy Basic Concepts of Systems Theory and Cybernetics Family Therapy or Relationship Therapy? Summary Chapter 2: The Historical Perspective Planting the Seeds: The 1940s Cybernetics Development of Interdisciplinary Approaches Gregory Bateson Putting Down Roots: The 1950s Bateson (Continued) The Double-Bind Hypothesis Nathan Ackerman Murray Bowen Carl Whitaker Theodore Lidz Lyman Wynne Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy John Elderkin Bell Christian F. Midelfort Overview of the 1950s The Plant Begins to Bud: The 1960s Paradigm Shift The MRI Salvador Minuchin Other Developments Blossom Time: The 1970s Psychodynamic Approaches Natural Systems Theory Experiential Approaches Structural Approaches Strategic Approaches Communication Approaches Behavioral Approaches Gregory Bateson Connecting and Integrating: The 1980s Other Voices The Limits of History Controversy, Conflict, and Beyond: The 1990s The Feminist Critique Family Therapy and Family Medicine Integration and Metaframeworks Managed Care The Twenty-First Century: Continuing Concerns and Emerging Trends Summary Chapter 3: The Paradigmatic Shift of Systems Theory A Cybernetic Epistemology Recursion ...
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...Learning through reflection 2 Reflection is an active process whereby the professional can gain an understanding of how historical, social, cultural and personal experiences have contributed to professional knowledge and practice (Wilkinson, 1996). Duffy (2007) believes that reflective practice is an active deliberate process of critically examining practice where an individual is challenged and enabled to undertake the process of self-enquiry to empower the practitioner to realize desirable and effective practice within a reflexive spiral of personal transformation. Learning is derived from experience but it doesn’t just happen. For it to take place you not only need to engage in reflection you must also record it. By thinking about what you are doing and why you are doing it is what turns your experiences into meaningful learning. If you are to become a reflective practitioner you have to use that learning to increase your professional knowledge and skills to the benefit of not only yourself but also to your patients / clients. Why Reflect Reflection is really a process that begins with looking back on a situation, pondering over it, learning from it and then using the new knowledge to help you in future similar situations. Reflection, which is learning through experience, is not a new concept. As humans, we naturally reflect on our surroundings and experiences. However, the conscious, deliberate and ordered process of using reflection as a learning tool...
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...case study I will elaborate is of an elderly woman who was of a non-British ethnic origin and spoke little English. A junior nurse visited her home to provide care but her attitude towards the patient has been discriminatory and abrupt, a situation that calls for serious reflection on the issues of racial discrimination at the clinical setting. The patient was apparently treated with leg ulcer. The questions that have to be considered here are: Where in the observation did discrimination occur and how this could have affected the delivery of care given? And how has discrimination influenced the lady’s care? The concept of anti-discriminatory practice as a contemporary issue within adult nursing is discussed here considering observational evidence and similar case studies. Reflection in Nursing: Reflective practice in nursing is guided by models of reflection. Reflective practice model serves as a framework within which nursing or other management professions can work. Reflective practice model is also a structural framework or learning model that serves the purposes of a profession and is particularly applicable to health related professions. Any portfolio of practice includes a model of reflection as reflection helps in determining what was positive or negative or a learning experience within the profession. Reflective practice highlights the importance of learning from experiences after thinking about it and relates the practical experiences to the theoretical learning approaches...
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...al 2002). Reflection is a necessary process in order to comply with Post-registration education and practice (PREP), continuing professional development standard, as required by the NMC (2006). Reflection can therefore be regarded as a fundamental process for all professionals registered within the NMC. This essay specifically focuses upon reflection in relation to the student Specialist community public health nurse (SCPHN). Reflective practice in nursing can be guided by models of reflection. Using a model or framework can be beneficial in aiding practioners and students of nursing and health care to, reflect upon incidents, and critically analyse those incidents, therefore helping the practioner to learn and move on (Ashby 2006). This essay aims to explore the concept of reflection. It will discuss and critically analyse Gibbs (1998) theoretical model of reflection whilst also considering other models and their use in relation to the role of a student SCPHN working within a children and family community setting. Reflective practice is not a new concept. It originated in the 1930's from work carried out by American educationalist John Dewey. Dewey (1933) developed the idea of reflection as a way of learning in education. This idea has since been drawn upon in the works of many others; Schon (1983) similarly highlights the idea of reflection as a way of bridging the gap between theory to underpin professional practice. Other definitions include: “Reflection is a process...
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...Clinical supervision continues to be a term evident in everyday language in nursing and definitions of the term are variable. Definitions suggest it has a broad purpose in nursing and can appear to have a lack of accord and focus. Jones (1999) suggests that clinical supervision offers nurses guidance, support and education and is concerned with quality, safety and protection of clients which reflects the Department of Health ‘Vision for the Future’ (1993) interpretation of clinical supervision as a: ‘formal process of professional support and learning which enables individual practitioners to develop knowledge and competence, assume responsibility for their own practice and enhance consumer protection and safety of care in complex situations. It is central to the process of learning and to the scope of the expansion of practice and should be seen as a means of encouraging self assessment and analytical and reflective skills.’ The following assignment aims to demonstrate a critical appraisal of the concept of clinical supervision, critique the process and the outcomes of clinical supervision and review contemporary research that directly informs understanding and application of clinical supervision to practice. It will also reflect on personal knowledge, skills and attributes required for effective clinical supervision and evaluate the impact that clinical supervision has on health and social care practice with the emphasis on my professional discipline of nursing/ mental...
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...familiarize themselves with predicaments they may face in the field as well as their profession’s standers of best practice. The aim of this paper is to critically reflect and make some judgement on its chosen models (Reflective Models; the person in the process) within the ethical decision making framework as well as explaining how it will be appropriate for my practice when an ethical dilemmas rises and why. The Reflective Models, also known as the Reflective framework, helps encourage a structured process to help guide the act of reflection. The Reflective Models (Framework) was developed by Graham Gibbs based upon each stage of David A. Kolb’s experiential cycle ("Gibbs' Model", 2018). Gibbs recommended how a full structured breakdown of a situation could take place using prompt questions at each stage. Gibbs model (framework) is known to be the most cited model (framework) by health care professionals and slightly social worker professionals. Many people learn from the experience. However, if the person in question is unable to reflect on their experience it will be hard for them to learn anything at all. This is where Gibb’s Reflective Models becomes useful. The Reflective Models (Framework) is found useful for social worker professional in helping them to learn from...
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...2 Adaptive and Reflective Middleware 2.1 Introduction Middleware platforms and related services form a vital cog in the construction of robust distributed systems. Middleware facilitates the development of large software systems by relieving the burden on the applications developer of writing a number of complex infrastructure services needed by the system; these services include persistence, distribution, transactions, load balancing, clustering, and so on. The demands of future computing environments will require a more flexible system infrastructure that can adapt to dynamic changes in application requirements and environmental conditions. Next-generation systems will require predictable behavior in areas such as throughput, scalability, dependability, and security. This increase in complexity of an already complex software development process will only add to the already high rates of project failure. Middleware platforms have traditionally been designed as monolithic static systems. The vigorous dynamic demands of future environments such as large-scale distribution or ubiquitous and pervasive computing will require extreme scaling into large, small, and mobile environments. In order to meet the challenges presented in such environments, next-generation middleware researchers are developing techniques to enable middleware platforms to obtain information concerning environmental conditions and adapt their behavior to better serve their current deployment. Such capability...
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...How do I . . . Write a Reflection? Why reflective writing? Reflection offers you the opportunity to consider how your personal experiences and observations shape your thinking and your acceptance of new ideas. Professors often ask students to write reading reflections. They do this to encourage you to explore your own ideas about a text, to express your opinion rather than summarise the opinions of others. Reflective writing can help you to improve your analytical skills because it requires you to express what you think, and more significantly, how and why you think that way. In addition, reflective analysis asks you to acknowledge that your thoughts are shaped by your assumptions and preconceived ideas; in doing so, you can appreciate the ideas of others, notice how their assumptions and preconceived ideas may have shaped their thoughts, and perhaps recognize how your ideas support or oppose what you read. Types of Reflection Experiential Reflection: Popular in professional programs, like business, nursing, forensics and education, reflection is an important part of making connections between theory and practice. When you are asked to reflect upon experience in a placement, you do not only describe your experience, but you evaluate it based on ideas from class. You can assess a theory or approach based on your observations and practice and evaluate your own knowledge and skills within your professional field. This opportunity to take the time to think ...
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...enterprise, in that it is driven by fundamental social values as well as the imperatives of social justice. These values and imperatives powerfully shape every dimension of educational theory, policy, and practice. From this perspective, education requires a normative frame of reference. Democracy, understood as not only a political system but more fundamentally as a way of life grounded in specific values and principles, provides a powerful point of reference. At the heart of democracy is the value of liberty, understood as self-determination. Self-determination requires that there should be careful reflection upon and rational deliberation concerning social values and, in turn, the imperatives of justice that inform the purposes and practices of education. It will be argued that philosophy constitutes a mode of inquiry and a discipline that enriches the capacity for reflection and rational deliberation, and hence it is essential for both democracy and the study and practice of education in a democratic society. Education as a Normative Enterprise There are a number of ways in which education is normative. While what follows is not an exhaustive list, it is arguably sufficient to demonstrate the normative nature of education. 73 In Factis Pax Volume 6 Number 2 (2012): 73-84 http://www.infactispax.org/journal/ First, education is an intentional activity. The planning and implementation of education isn’t arbitrary; it is purposeful and...
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...powers of attention, increased self-confidence, greater intimacy and spontaneity in relationships, enhanced emotional health, awakened spirituality. Through Proprioceptive Writing, people increase their creativity and feel their minds expand, one of life's greatest pleasures. (Proprioceptive Writing Center) Metcalf and Simon claim that each student they teach Proprioceptive Writing to believes “writing is profoundly linked to spiritual and mental health” (Intro. xxvi). Presumably then, people who do not share that belief, including myself, are not good candidates for succeeding with Proprioceptive Writing. According to Metcalf and Simon, Proprioceptive Writing provides a framework for organizing and facilitating self-examination (Intro. xxv). That may be true, but not everyone requires such a framework. I...
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...Conceptual Framework Most research reports cast the problem statement within the context of a conceptual or theoretical framework.4 A description of this framework contributes to a research report in at least two ways because it (1) identifies research variables, and (2) clarifies relationships among the variables. Linked to the problem statement, the conceptual framework “sets the stage” for presentation of the specific research question that drives the investigation being reported. For example, the conceptual framework and research question would be different for a formative evaluation study than for a summative study, even though their variables might be similar. Scholars argue that a conceptual or theoretical framework always underlies a research study, even if the framework is not articulated.5 This may seem incongruous, because many research problems originate from practical educational or clinical activities. Questions often arise such as “I wonder why such an event did not [or did] happen?” For example, why didn't the residents' test-interpretation skills improve after they were given feedback? There are also occasions when a study is undertaken simply to report or describe an event, e.g., pass rates for women versus men on high-stakes examinations such as the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE) Step 1. Nevertheless, it is usually possible to construct at least a brief theoretical rationale for the study. The rationale in the USMLE example may be, for...
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