...involved, the word is often used in a plural form, as telecommunications. Early telecommunication technologies included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs. Other examples of pre-modern telecommunications include audio messages such as coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Electrical and electromagnetic telecommunication technologies include telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, communications satellites and the Internet. A revolution in wireless telecommunications began in the 1900s with pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi. Marconi won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his efforts. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television). The world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way telecommunication networks grew from 281 petabytes of (optimally compressed) information in 1986, to 471 petabytes in 1993, to 2.2 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2000, and to 65 (optimally compressed) exabytes in 2007. This is the informational equivalent of two newspaper pages per person per day in 1986, and six entire newspapers per person...
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...Community Radios As part of its vision for Digital Bangladesh, the Government of Bangladesh has committed to issuing licenses for community radio stations. Yeafesh Osman, Minister for Science and Information and Communication Technology (ICT), said: “I can assure you that the government will be issuing licenses for community radio soon. This will be a major step towards achieving the government’s vision for a Digital Bangladesh.” Osman was speaking during an interview with a community radio station broadcasting from an ARTICLE 19 and partner BNNRC exhibition stall at the World Telecommunication and Information Society Day event, held in Chittagong on 16-17 May. As part of this event, ARTICLE 19 and partner organisation Bangladesh NGOs Network for Radio and Communication (BNNRC) promoted the theme of community radio and access to information through an exhibition stall and fully-fledged community radio station, broadcasting on FM. The two-day event was organised by the Bangladesh Telecommunication Regulatory Commission (BTRC) and comprised a national seminar on “Digital Bangladesh” and “Vision 2021”, as well as an ICT exhibition displaying different information and communication innovations. With over 20 stalls, various ICT-based organisations took part in the event, including those promoting software, call-centres, internet services, telecommunication infrastructure services, video conferencing, mobile telecommunication services, vehicle tracking and community radio. There was...
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...Guglielmo Marconi Amazing Facts About Gugleimo Marconi: Guglielmo Marchese Marconi is one of our famous inventors. He is an Italian inventor, physicist and scientist (Alexander- Furchest). But sometimes, he preferred to be called an engineer rather than a scientist. He was known for his bale work, inversion of Radio Transmission and Radio Telegraphic System (Neil, Sara). His work on long-distance radio transmission, radio telegraphic system and Marconi’s law opened his way up to be known in different countries. He created the Wireless Telegraph and Signals Company, this being named “Entrepreneur and Businessman.” He also invented the first practical radio-signaling system in 1895. Because of these works on radio, he is often called the “Father of Radio.” In 1897, he travelled to London together with his mother to have his invention get patented because the Italian government was less interested in his work, and he succeeded. On March 3, 1898, Marconi set up a radio system in Ireland, so the government could send messages or important information to their ships. Marconi also set up 2 radio stations on both sides of English channels while French government also set up radio system for their troops. On December 12, 1901, Marconi successfully sent a message across the Atlantic Ocean, and everyone could not believe it. So by May 21, 1908, almost every country is using Marconi’s invention. In 1909, together with German physicist, Karl Ferdinand Braun, Marconi received a Nobel Prize...
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...exchange of information which capture audience attention and interest, for example, television and radio is said to be the best Mass Media. A Mass Media to be effective must be accessible to the target audience and able to hold audience attention and interest. Therefore, this essay will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of Mass Media. The first advantage of mass media is peace and reconciliation. In the Northern Uganda there has been a civil war and FM radios contributed towards bringing peace after 20 years of crisis which was emphasized by both the respondent interviewees and focus groups. One of the focus group participants said that “when we finally see an end to this war, which might come soon, we should not forget the impact of the local radios.” For the past two years the FM stations have been running peace and reconciliation programmes in the northern Uganda to make a group of army surrender and come out of the bush. The rebels were mostly from Lira and other neighboring districts from where they were forcefully abducted or conscripted into rebel ranks. The radio stations, in collaboration with church leaders and peace non-governmental organizations, have been stressing the spirit of reconciliation and forgiveness of the rebels, who have killed, abducted or maimed many people, as well as destroying or looting people’s property. Peace and reconciliation programmes in FM radios act as a useful device related to countries where there is a lot of violence. The second advantage...
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...one of the key areas in wireless Communications. They work only under clear line-of-sight conditions between each unit, but they eliminate the need for securing right of ways, buried cable installations and no government licensing is necessary. Free space laser communications systems can be quickly deployed since they are small and do not need any radio interference calculations. Additionally, no spectrum fees have to be paid. This paper includes analysis, optimization, design and system level development of signal transformation between satellites or any two sources. Which work similarly to fibre optic links, except the beam is transmitted through free space. The carrier used for the transmission signal is typically generated by a laser diode. Two parallel beams are needed, one for transmission and one for reception. INTRUDUCTION: Laser Communication is one of the emerging areas of wireless communication system. Due to its low noise ratio makes its one of the well suited communication medium for exchange of information. Currently laser commutation is adopted in satellite communication for space research activities and due to its efficiency on low noise ratio, inexpensive, low power and its flexibility and its resistance to the radio interferences makes laser communication as one of research area in wireless communication. In this process, this paper comprises the one such application of laser communication for information exchange between any two devices. In Laser Communication...
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...invention of the radio. Thanks to the media, the United State’s gross national product doubled in the 1950’s and again in the 1960’s. Advertising and propaganda was blooming and thanks to the that, the typical U.S family owned a car and a house in the suburbs. Broadcast television was dominant in the mass media. The television media was owned by three major networks who was responsible for all the live events, sitcoms, and news that...
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...Compute RF Behavior Calculate each of the five measurements in the project by performing every step in sequence. In your own words, summarize what you have learned concerning RF behavior. Calculations Step 4 (dBm of 1W): ___________________ Step 11 (max gain): ____________________ Step 15 (.11g free space loss): ____________________ Step 17 (.11a free space loss): ____________________ Step 19 (link budget): ____________________ Summary of RF Behavior In your own words, summarize what you have learned concerning RF behavior from your calculations, readings, and research. Begin section here MIMO Introduction What is MIMO? What’s the history? What issues are addressed? What are the goals? is the use of multiple antennas at both the transmitter and receiver to improve communication performance. It is one of several forms of smart antenna technology. Note that the terms input and output refer to the radio channel carrying the signal, not to the devices having antennas. Advantages and Disadvantages of MIMO Identify all advantages and disadvantages of MIMO. 1. Some of the benefits to using MIMO routers include faster speeds, greater distances between your paired devices, more simultaneous users, less signal fading and dead spots, and better resistance to interference. 2. Another important advantage is that throughput at on home networks are having a lower drop rate. Traditionally WLANs operated at distances of up to 300 feet, with perhaps less if walls or...
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...Although both radio and television are geared more to entertaining than to informing, they have become increasingly concerned with the news. Certain radio stations are devoted entirely to news and opinion, with spot announcements, editorials, and in-depth reports. There is no national radio station in the United States, but every large city has dozens of independent stations, which range from twenty four hours a day news to rock and classical music. The first commercial radio station took to the airwaves in 1920. At the beginning of 1922 there were 30 stations in operation; by the following year, more than 500. The creation of the first two multi-station networks, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in 1926 and the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) the following year, turned broadcasting into a coherent medium. In 1930 more than 12 million US families had radios; 20 years later 40 million families — nearly 92 per cent of the American people — were avid listeners. The earliest entertainers performed free, grateful for the publicity; the manufacturers of radio equipment paid for most programming. Then the idea of financing programs with advertising began to emerge and soon proved profitable beyond the wildest dreams: by 1929 the Ford Motor Company was paying $1000 a minute for prime time (the popular evening hours), and the price was climbing. For better or for worse, Americans in every corner of the continent are simultaneously laughing at the same jokes, listening...
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...ourselves we think of either the Radio or Television. When we think of the Radio we think of our favorite songs or those repetitive, irritating, boring yet interesting and amusing talk shows in between mixes. What we do not consider is; where did this entertainment come from? How it actually produces sound? How does it exist or even who brought it into existence? We utilize television for most of our entertainment as well and the same applies. We never question how Television came along, how the picture is projected? How we’re able to see the images in color and so forth. All we care for is celebrity reality shows, amazing food networks and live Sports. The history of these legacy media consists of time, trial and error. Legacy Media as a whole has made a larger impact on the world than actual world issues. Legacy Media today is the money, power and even the respect in all parts of the Earth. It first began in the late 1800s, when Heinrich Hertz detects and produces radio waves. Radio being the first device to allow mass communication: with hopes of being able to communicate wirelessly. Wireless telegraphy, electric telegraphy that does not have wires connecting the endpoints; systems which communicate with radio waves. In 1894, Nobel Prize-winning physicist and inventor Guglielmo Marconi builds his first radio equipment that would ring a bell 30 feet away. Breaking all barriers of Radio, Marconi discovered the much needed work necessary for future radio technology. With consistent...
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...used media are Newspaper, Television, Radio, and Internet. Be it the pictorial messages of the early ages, or the high-technology media that are available today, one thing that we all agree upon, is that mass media are an important part of our lives. Entertainment and media always go hand in hand, but in addition to the entertainment, mass media also remain to be an effective medium for communication, exchange of information, advertising, marketing, and in general, for expressing and sharing views, opinions, and ideas. Mass media is a double-edged sword which means that there are positive as well as negative influences of media. Advantages : The common man gets the latest news within a fraction of seconds. The distance is not at all a barrier now. The news they get through media help them in their daily life a lot. We get the latest news in our home due to the television set. We can bring out the hidden talent, we can get public opinion about certain events, current issues. Television is quite popular because people can get easy overview from news. Television also entertains and educates people. Children’s knowledge increases by watching geographical channel, quiz programs and speeches by famous personalities of different fields. Radio has its own advantages which others do not have. People mostly listen radio in car and work station. Radio is convenient because people get short news and it is entertaining. Also, radio can be listened via mobile or MP3 player...
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...University of Phoenix Material Effects of Mass Media Worksheet Write brief 250-to 300-word answers to each of the following: |Questions |Answers | |What were the major developments in the |Major developments in the evolution of mass media during the 20th century were the | |evolution of mass media during the 20th |beginnings of newspapers, radios, television broadcasting, cell phones, and internet. The | |century? |use of satellites in outer space to create communication. With the new and advanced | | |technology that has been coming out, people are able to communicate worldwide within a | | |matter of seconds. As the years are going by the use of a cell phone to many is considered| | |a must. This is how people communicate around the world at such a fast pace, and now with | | |social media like facebook people fit it into their daily life schedule. Plus it is less | | |expensive to communicate with people instead of using other methods. The newspaper was | | |used for communication to a large number of groups all at one time. Later when television | | ...
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...Operation Guide NWZ-B152 / B153 / B152F / B153F ©2010 Sony Corporation 4-185-044-11(1) Table of Contents Home Menu Index Note Table of Contents Depending on the country/region in which you have purchased the player, some models may not be available. Browsing the Operation Guide To use the buttons in the Operation Guide Click the buttons located in the upper right of the pages of this manual to jump to “Table of Contents,” “About the Home Menu” or “Index.” Jumps to the table of contents Find what you are looking for from a list of topics in the manual. Home Menu Index Jumps to the Home menu list Find what you are looking for from a list of the option items in the player’s menu. Jumps to the index Find what you are looking for from a list of key words mentioned in the manual. Hint You can jump to the indicated page by clicking a page number in the table of contents or in the index. You can jump to the indicated page by clicking a page reference indication (e.g., p. 5) on each page. To search for a reference page by keyword, enter the keyword into the find text field on the Adobe Reader window. Operation procedures may differ, depending on your Adobe Reader version. To change the page layout The buttons on the Adobe Reader window enable you to select how pages are displayed. Text field to find text Continuous Pages are displayed as a continuous roll of pages, fitting the page width inside the window. When you scroll, the...
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...TOPIC: The influence of radio and television in promoting national development in Nigeria. DEDICATION. I want to dedicate this to God, Thank you for all your blessing. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. I want to acknowledge God Almighty for impacting such wonderful knowledge and may he continue to guide me. PREFACE. This paper discusses the significant methods and ways that radio and television can improve and promote national development in Nigeria to increase its economic power and interaction ability among her people. This topic offers solution and background to the issues of language barrier among the people and communication barriers among the leaders and the people at the grassroots. It also discusses the functions of the media as whole and also defins radio and television. TABLE OF CONTENT Title page……………………………………………….. 2 Dedication……………………………………………….. 3 Acknowledgement………………………………………. 4 Preface……………………………………………………. 5 Table of content……………………………………………6 CHAPTER ONE 1. Introduction………………………..…………………8 Definition of terms 1.2 Radio.………… ….………………………………….10 1.3 Television………………………………………..……11 1.4 National development………………………..………..12 CHAPTER TWO 2.1 The origin of radio………………………….…………. 13 2.2 The origin of television…………………………………14 2.3 The birth of radio in Nigeria……………………………15 2.4 The birth of television in Nigeria …………………... .17 CHAPTER THREE 3.1 The function of media in promoting national...
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...Community radio fosters good governance October 27, 2013 in Opinion While the technological advancement in this country is pointing to a new world order, where globalisation and simplification of life is happening fast, there remains a gap in our country which if harnessed and supported has the capacity to be the game changer. Sunday Opinion with Kudzai Kwangwari The cellphone came and with it text messages, WhatsApp facilities, as well as money-transfer mechanisms while the internet also brought with it major communication developments in Africa but more specifically in Zimbabwe. One area which remains unexploited and untapped is community broadcasting and we believe this is a critical sector. For many it may be just a communication issue, but it must be viewed from a development perspective because more than anything else that’s what it is. It is a development tool. Community radio has the capacity to positively affect the politics, social set up of a country, economy and even the culture of a people. In terms of politics of a country, community radio in this day and age where democracy has become the new political philosophy considered as ideal plays a very critical role in promoting debate and dialogue, which are critical components of a functioning democracy. Community radio promotes the enhancement of interaction between citizens and the state, which is a prerequisite for any functioning democracy again. This is particularly so, because it promotes good governance where...
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...COMM 106 BROADCAST * TV * medium of greatest impact * MOJO * Mobile Journalism * Mobile journalist * Vericorder + smartphone = you can now make a story for radio and TV RADIO * Origin of Broadcasting * Development of USA was adopted also in the Philippines. PERSONALITIES INVOLVED IN THE ORIGIN OF BROADCASTING Lee de Forest * Father of radio * Invented the vacuum tube on 1906, after 10 years it was perfected. * First to cover the Presidential Election David Sarnoff * a Russian immigrant * wireless operator * first to work together with the electronic companies in the U.S [Westinghouse, GE, AT&T] * Created the RCA (Radio Corporation of America) lead by David Sarnoff. * established the NBC (National Broadcasting Company) Frank Conrad * First to prove Sarnoff's convention that people will listen to radio. * Started to broadcast music in 1919, Pittsburgh. * Stimulated the sales of radio and leads the Three Companies to develop sets. * Westinghouse opened a radio station called KDKA on Nov. 2, 1920 KDKA * first fully licensed commercial broadcasting in the USA Early 1920's * KDKA was first introduced in the Philippines. * We had the first radio station in the Philippines called KZIB. But was closed due to financial reasons and they don’t have the technical ability. KZIB * Isaac Beck-first to invest * 20 watts Broadcast Call Letters * KZIB * KDKA ...
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