...that the channel, like Spacetoon, wouldn’t want the children to see, so they censor it. Moreover, censorship is not only used in cartoon, it is used also in movies and series to delete sexual content or foul language. In addition, there are many types of censorship, and the types imposed are different from one country to another. Some countries may impose moral censorship; others impose military, political, or religious censorships. Many people would agree on some of the types of censorships enforced in the countries; however, people have the right of freedom of speech and the knowledge behind political issues, so these should not be censored by the country. Censorship is a problem that is known from before World War 1 and it is still a controversial issue with many people who are with the act and laws set regarding censorship and many who are against. Censorship is the restraint over any type of communication like speech regarding many different matters. For example, being against rules set or some political moves that a country performs, things that are considered to be harmful, sensitive, or inconvenient to the general body of people. These things that constraints are set upon are determined by the government, or media outlet. There are a lot of debates behind the topic “censorship.” One of them is, should governments put regulations on broadcasters, or does that affect people’s freedom, other debates are about...
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...Can WikiLeaks be Found Guilty of a Crime for Its Release Of the Iraq War Materials, Afghanistan War Materials and Diplomatic Cables? In 2010, WikiLeaks released three large groups of information – classified documents concerning the Iraqi war, classified Pentagon documents concerning the conflict in Afghanistan, and U.S. State Department diplomatic cables. There was an outcry from members in the U.S. government, U.S. lawmakers, and U.S. citizens as they questioned how WikiLeaks could have legally obtained and released this information. There were also those who applauded WikiLeaks and saw them as part of the new media, simply carrying on the struggle between the people’s right to know versus national security. In this new Internet age, where data can be immediately published to an enormous audience from anywhere in the world with the simple push of a button, and where wars are no longer declared on a country but on generalized “terror,” is a site like WikiLeaks protected? WikiLeaks Background WikiLeaks states on its website: WikiLeaks is a non-profit media organization dedicated to bringing important news and information to the public. We provide an innovative, secure and anonymous way for independent sources around the world to leak information to our journalists. We publish material of ethical, political and historical significance while keeping the identity of our sources anonymous, thus providing a universal way for revealing of supposed and censored injustices. WikiLeaks...
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...of operations in Washington D.C. for Raytheon Corporation, was dismissed from his position for publicly expressing his views regarding the corporation’s economic interest. Freedom of speech, provided by the First Amendment, is valued with high regard but there are several instances where speech is not always protected. From a historical perspective, Korb v. Raytheon provides a precedent for competing claims between private actors for the right of free speech. This essay attempts to provide the facts of the case, the issues, and the ruling. Much emphasis is put on the challenges associated with freedom of speech, freedom of information, and employment law while the public perceptions of Raytheon and its influence with the Department of Defense plays a huge role. FACTS, ISSUES, & RULING OF CASE Raytheon Company was founded in Cambridge, Mass., as the American Appliance Company in 1922, a pivotal time in American history. This company predominately manufactured equipment for the U.S. military along with defense technology and training, homeland and border security, and cyber security. The plaintiff, identified as Lawrence J. Korb, was employed by Raytheon as a vice president of operations. Korb made the decision to join a non-profit organization which was named the Committee for National Security. While on his lunch break a press conference was held by the CNC with the main focus being on the annual alternative defense budget. As a result of this press conference, an article...
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...Clear and present danger is a test first established in the landmark case of Schenck v. United States. It came about at a conflux of interest between national security in a time of war and the ever-present constitutionally supported rights of free speech. However, as time has passed its original war time application has expanded, retracted and ultimately been refined to reflect a greater understanding of the government’s role in the regulation of free speech and its responsibilities with regard to national security. In the 1919 case Schenck v. United States the United Sates Supreme Court stated that an anti-war activist (Schenck) didn’t have a First Amendment right to advocate for the resistance of the draft, or at the very least not in...
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...we treat today pertains to its proper practice. In these regards, our founders prescribed that “the Judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one Supreme Court” (US Constitution, Art. III. Sec. 2), and that the "Constitution, and the Laws of the United States … shall be the supreme Law of the Land" (Art IV, Sec.2). As we understand it, judicial review must serve to guide the actions affecting the lives of citizens by the standard of the United States Constitution. Judicial review must be exercised with knowledge and prudence, finding a balance between defense of individual rights and national security, judicial restraint and judicial activism, state interests and national incentives. The danger of the grand power of judicial review exists with arbitrary exercise in which the constitutional foundation and protection of constitutional liberties are outweighed by national sentiment or political interests. Throughout history, there have been exemplary displays of judicial review as well as poor uses of this power. The following two Guardiola 2 cases provide the classical conflict...
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...Free Speech one of the amendments in the constitution a goal for all American colonists The First Amendment to the United States still stand in this present time for all to show in demonstration, protest, in a public forum to get political information or ideas presented to groups of people or Congress on any subject matter consider for soul reasoning to express agreement or disagreement . The Supreme Court has protected free speech since 1925 from government interference by state and local branch done by due process clause 14 Amendment, on the same hand government restrict dangerous and immoral speech. There are 4 major restrictions on free speech, 1 cover libel, slander and prohibit ones privacy and reputation 2 free speech can’t have obscenities or encourages immoral acts, offends anyone publicly .3 free speech discourage using the ability to commit treason or causing violence actions on a life, property and national security.4 free speech can’t invade other choice unless permitted to do as such in meeting forum in order to discuss issue. Free speech is apart society we used in other countries unless under dictatorship some have remain the same throughout the centuries and other have adopt new government policy Later years free speech ruling lifted bans on book and writing that are seen to be too graphic or depict sexual acts they remain under guide line on presentation and interputation of information. Free speech is having the choice to state belief or say in private public...
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...borderless world. As provided by Article 10 of Federal Constitution, Malaysian citizens do enjoy the right to freedom of speech. According to our Prime Minister YAB Dato’ Seri Mohd Najib bin Tun Abd Razak, freedom of speech must be suited and match Malaysian norms which are synonymous with good manners and noble values. Although it is clear and unambiguous called every citizen has the right to freedom of expression and speech, but all subject to the other clauses. For example, racist remarks and incitement that could interfere with national security are not allowed. In this issue, the right of expression come into conflict with the right to live in peace. Malaysia is not the only country set this rules as United Kingdom also impose limits more or less the same even freedom of speech and expression is the negative rights of the people under the "common law". Former Malaysian Prime Minister Tun Dr Mahathir is the most outspoken leaders defend free speech restrictions. According to him at the Culture Inaugural Lectures 2011, 10 November 2011, freedom of speech should be limited so that this right is not being used by some people to incite other people. Summary, in the other communities want to defend their right of speech, they should not interfere with the rights of peace and tranquillity which claimed the other. From our point of view, freedom of speech through social media in this country should be given attention and be heard especially in terms of improving government...
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...First Amendment When one is growing up, and is not so knowledgeable about our government you can be sure that every kid knows that they have the freedom of speech. Freedom of Speech is probably one of the things that some kids use the most, when talking about something maybe one of their friends does not want to hear, “I have the freedom of speech I can say whatever I want.” This to a certain extent is true. The first amendment states this: “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof, or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and petition the government for a redress of grievances”.(Bill) Though some people may try to take advantage of the first amendment, everyone should have the right to religion, free exercise, speech, press, peaceful assembly and the right to petition the government. In 1943 while at war with Germany and Japan, West Virginia wanted to instill American values by forcing Teachers and students to recite the pledge of allegiance. If the teacher or student failed to comply, they would be faced with expulsion. West Virginia’s motive for this rule seems reasonable but the consequences are beyond extreme. When a group of Jehovah’s Witness’ attended the school, “[They] refused to salute the flag because it represented a graven image that was not to be recognized.” (West) When these students refused to recite the pledge, they...
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...Well, censorship is defined by the Australian Macquarie Dictionary as ‘the actions of a censor – that is, an official who examines books, plays, news reports, films, radio programs (and more recently the internet), for the purpose of suppressing parts deemed objectionable on moral, political, military or other grounds’. Censorship has been around since the beginning of time. It has been used as a tool to control what others have access to. In Australia today, we are supposedly guaranteed the rights of freedom of speech and freedom of the press by our constitution. Yet censorship still exists. We are told censorship is necessary, but at what cost? National security and public interest, are these valid reasons? Why must the government decide what is best for me to read or watch in a cinema or in the privacy of my own home? Sure, we must protect our youth, but that is a parent's responsibility, not the government's. I can understand censorship based upon national security; we can't go around selling all of our secrets without a major threat to our government and our way of life. Censorship is a way of controlling the population. This is exactly why we have laws that forbid random censorship. Some censorship is necessary in every culture, but only a minimal amount is required. Australians love freedom. The rest of the world regards us as one of the most liberal nations, which is why restrictive censorship is so out of place here. Censorship is a way of limiting the freedom we so love...
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...as an interrogation tactic was prohibited by the military under any conditions. The Global War on Terror, President Bush’s Administration issued a number of reports “Aggressive Detainee Interrogation” that could be implemented and suspends Geneva Convention protocols (Zalman, About.com). Several key documents has long and lasting impact on Terrorist and the United States to capture, detain, question and try them (Zalman, About.com). 9-11 changed the way agencies handles gathering information and using it to prevent another massacre of our citizens. The Patriot Act authorized the sneak and peek searches. The authority of the FBI was expanded to issue letters requesting information from and about Americans. The Department of Homeland Security was authorized to develop a “Strategic Plan” for airport...
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...156 Censorship in America When America was formed, it was on the basis that people would be free from any sort of government tyranny. Free speech was the most basic form of abuse that the Founding Fathers sought to eliminate and thus, the Bill of Rights had it as part of the first amendment. Yet, over the next two centuries, the government has been enforcing censorship on things that it deems could harm society. Although there are many things that individuals should not see, including pornography and racist remarks, this can encourage Americans to act in rebellious manners. The government should not censor materials because by doing so, it violates the Constitution, suppresses information from us, and forces people to conform to the views of the government as all written material in books and online are confined to things that are deemed acceptable by the controlling body. By censoring material, the government clearly violates the US Constitution as it limits civil liberties by denying freedom of speech, which is guaranteed to citizens. As American citizens, we have the right to express ourselves as stated in the First Amendment of the sacred document: "Congress shall make no law... prohibiting the free exercise... of speech, or of the press." Therefore, any act that thwarts the media or individuals from getting information out infringes upon their rights. Yet, National Security Letters, those which prevent the recipient of the letter from disclosing that the letter was even...
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...summer to continue discussions that had begun at Yalta. -The Leaders agreed to divide Germany and Berlin, demilitarize Germany, re-establish democracy in Germany (including free elections, a free press, and freedom of speech), make Germany repay reparations to the allies in equipment and materials, ban the Nazi Party, participate fully in the United Nations Organization, and to move Poland’s frontier westwards to the river Oder and Neisse. They disagreed about the amount of reparations (Stalin wanted more, but Truman disagreed) and free elections (Stalin didn’t want). -The relations between the USA and the USSR worsened due to lack of trust and cooperation between the leaders. They both had different ideals. -Stalin and Truman Guatemala 1954 -June, 1954 -Jacobo Arbenz Guzman, the president of Guatemala, put forth a number of new policies such as seizing and expropriating unused, unfarmed land that private corporations set aside long ago and giving land to peasants and the US intelligence community deemed the plans communist in nature. They feared that Guatemala would become a “Soviet beachhead in the western hemisphere”. National Defense Education Act -September, 1958 -President Dwight D. Eisenhower wanted to strengthen the American education system and meet the needs of an elevated national security. -It stimulated $877,000,000 and Eisenhower said that, “This act, which is an emergency undertaking to...
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...a people who share a common language, history, and culture should constitute an independent nation,free of foreign domination” according to dictionary.com. It sounds wonderful, and can be. Unfortunately governments create many acts in the name of Nationalism that end up affecting their population negatively. No wonder their is such trust issues when it comes to trusting the political parties that control the fates of any given country. Idealy nationalism should be acts the government makes in order to protect the economy, history, and people of a nation. For example the French and American revolution that created a strong binding of Americans. We are a far cry from that in this new day and age. There are many acts that U.S. government creates in the name of nationalism, but have ended up being something that negatively affected the American people. The patriot act for instance. This act was put into place forty five days after the 9/11 attacks. While the American government stated that this act was created to protect Americans it made it legal for our civil rights to be violated. This act made under the guise of national security makes every day Americans susceptible to being scrutinized as assumed criminals and or terrorists. All emails, phone conversations and internet activity can be tracked without warrant or warning. Any person can be held in the name of national security without a phone call and our personal information can be gathered without a judge even having to review...
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...Constitutional Rights Constitutional Rights and Challenges for Freedom of Information and Speech Folorunso Eddo PAD 525 Constitutions and Administrative Law Professor Richard Freeman May 20, 2012 ABSRACT The First Amendment stated that all American citizens are entitled to the freedom of speech and association. However, the Supreme Court has ruled many times that that right is not completely guarantied. In the work place there are laws that protect us from workplace harassment. There is thin line between freedom of speech and sexual or other forms of harassment. The Freedom of Information Act empowered private citizens and organization to ability to request information from any government agency but sometime there may be a conflict in what the agency would want to allow for the public due to the national security. It is times like this that the Supreme Court is required to be involved. On February 1986, Lawrence Korb the vice president of Washington operation for Raytheon was invited to speak at a Washington policy group on Capitol Hill in Washington D.C. Before then, He was assistant secretary for defense in the Reagan’s administration. In his speech Korb advocated the need for the Reagan Administration to reduce its budget spending in line with the budget and reduce the budget deficit. In his speech, he listed some of the agencies that he believed that could be reduced and what programs. The next morning...
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...NSA Surveillance Program The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) was created in 1978 as a response to past presidential abuses of massive domestic wiretapping and surveillance that were conducted by the National Security Agency (NSA) on many innocent Americans. FISA was designated to limit warrantless foreign intelligence surveillance for national security purposes and to issue the extent to which NSA could seize domestic communications. An executive power would need a warrant approved by FISA and only for the cases where the sole intention for the surveillance was to obtain foreign intelligence information (Skalski 15). Things changed shortly after the September 11 terrorist attacks in 2001 when President Bush secretly gave authorization to the NSA to wiretap Americans on the US soil without a warrant from FISA. By the same year, the Bush Administration passed the Patriotic Act that enabled FBI to demand the sharing of “any tangible things sought relevant to an authorized investigation” (Barnett 4), including strictly domestic records. Also, three days after the terrorist attacks, the Congress passed AUMF (Authorization for Use of Military Force) Act that was a necessity, but it was wrongly used by the Bush Administration as the reason of permission for the massive spying program. Because of the secrecy of these surveillance transmissions, the American public had no idea of the existence of these...
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