...FTA Rules Question #2 Since January 1st, 1994 all FTA rules were replaced by NAFTA rules of origin. They differ in the respect that they are much clearer and predictable than those of the FTA. Similar to the FTA each member country of NAFTA is able to keep in use its own external market tariff. This external tariff can be in the form of a most favoured nation (MFN) tariff in which the NAFTA would extend only to good that have originated in a NAFTA member country. In contrast to the FTA, the NAFTA provides specific preferential tariff treatment for not only some but ALL North American goods traded across Canadian, U.S. and Mexican borders. The rules of origin in the NAFTA are specifically used to determine the credibility of whether or not a product can be declared as originating in North America. In addition, NAFTA rules of origin strictly ensure that the benefits are available only to those good which meet specific rules of transformation. Specifically for apparel the NFTA provides more stringent rules of origin compared to the FTA. In contrast to the FTA the NFTA requires that the yarn, fabric and garment in ALL be made in North America in order to meet specific rules of origin that qualify them for NAFA preferential duties. Therefore any goods from all three NAFTA member countries that are wholly sourced or manufactured in the three countries are deemed originating goods that are entitles to preferential tariff treatment...
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...e Table of Content Declaration of Originality 2 Acknowledgements 3 Introduction 4 Economic Integration: Definition 5 Background of Free Trade in the South Pacific 6 PICTA 7 PACER 7 Advantages and benefits of Economic Integration 9 Drawbacks of Regional Economic Trade 11 Resolution 15 Conclusion 17 Bibliography 18 Appendices 19 Declaration of Originality We declare that this is our original work and all borrowed works had been cited and referenced. s11061729 Elizabeth Pearl Blakelock s11074679 Ranjeeta Devi s93005349 Mosese Vosarogo Acknowledgement We acknowledge our Instructor Mr Atishwar Pandaram for for the learning, Mr William Kurt of Cost-U-Less for allowing us time to interview him and for the valuable information and also Mr Aslam Janiff of Kundan Singh Supermarket and Andrew Powell Rajendras FoodTown Supermarket for giving their time to attend to us. Introduction In this project, we will attempt to highlight the implications of free trade amongst the south pacific island countries that are under the auspices of the 'The Pacific Islands Forum'. PIF is an inter-governmental organization that aims to enhance cooperation between the independent countries of the Pacific Ocean...
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...Postal monopoly and competition in the civil aviation In the early 20th century, monopoly organization is mainly in the sectors of heavy industry such as coal, steel and oil. However, today has expanded the scope of the monopoly rules to light industry, transportation, commerce, agriculture and various service sectors and other fields. Monopoly is an industry controlled by who is the only producer of a good that has no close substitutes. Monopolistic industry in general are related to most people and the industry which closely related to public utilities, such as telecommunications, postal services, water, electricity, gas, railways and aviation. These industries penetrate into all aspects of society, therefore, their prices high and low cost that concerns society as a whole. The overall efficiency of these industries directly related to other industry's ability to compete internationally. This report will first indicate and analyses the case, then it will use the knowledge to resolute the special fact of monopoly and competition in the United State. People can set postal services, sounds like a joke, but in the United States, there are not only private postal, but also the private prison. Companies which in the United States are generally known for high efficiency and good service, but the postal service is an exception. One of the reason is that lacking of competition and state subsidies in this industry, secondly, employees usually holding this work, which is easy to...
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...International Trade Simulation and Report The global economy is based on international import and export of goods and services between countries. International Trade brings the opportunity to expand local markets in order to get greater competition and therefore more competitive prices. It is very important that governments develop smarts strategies that produce good results of exchanges while enabling them to comply with International Trade regulations to ensure that market function properly. As part of this paper Team A will discuss advantages, limitations and regulations of such important system. In addition it will analyze some factors that influence affecting foreign exchange rates. For a better analysis of International Trade Simulation and Report, Team A will evaluate concept summary results for the assessment and indentify the effects of government policy on economy behavior. One of the most important international trade advantages mention on the simulation is the free trade agreements between countries that tend to specialize in comparative products allowing each country to stimulate economic growth and the consumer’s benefits from the variety of quality products to choose from in bigger markets. Trade agreements, lower customs tariffs, and other trade barriers between countries which consequently benefit by the increase of the amount of goods that it could be trade, while at the same offers the benefit of creating new jobs. Equally important, international trade has contributed...
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...and the U.S. economy Executive Summary -The Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement is a free trade agreement initiated in 2005 and was joined by the U.S. in 2008 which proposes to liberalize trade in the Asia-Pacific region. -Negotiations are ongoing and held in secret. While the FTA’s existence and meetings are public knowledge, most of the information is classified and kept from U.S. government officials. However, several documents have been leaked to the public through various sources. -There is much clamor and concern over the Intellectual Property proposals put forth by the U.S. These proposals threaten to dial back public health safeguards set forth in the 2007 New Trade Deal of the Bush administration, increase prices of consumer goods, and restrict access to information on the internet. -There are 12 countries involved in negotiations, with China as an observer and considering entry. Overall, these countries make up about 40% of the world GDP and offer access to huge markets for the U.S. Nonetheless, the threat of losing jobs overseas, as with most FTAs, is cause for concern. -Past FTAs have resulted in an increase in U.S. trade deficit and a loss of jobs. However, analysis shows that American firms can benefit from these agreements as well with increased exports to new markets. Brief History The Trans-Pacific Strategic Economic Partnership Agreement is a free trade agreement with the goal of liberalizing the borders and economies of the Asia-Pacific Region...
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...HOW FAIR IS FAIR TRADE? ** BY ROBBERT MASELAND AND ALBERT DE VAAL* Summary This paper investigates to what extent fair trade programmes, are indeed ‘fair.’ This is accomplished by comparing fair trade with free trade and protectionist trade regimes on their compliance of the criteria set by the fair trade movement itself. This comparison is made using comparative cost based models and economies of scale models. It is found that whether or not fair trade is superior to free trade or protectionism is highly dependent on a number of characteristics of the products to which fair trade is applied as well as on the context within which international trade takes place. 1 INTRODUCTION A long-standing debate in development economics has been the one between advocates of free trade and proponents of protectionism in developing countries. While the former argued that free trade would offer large opportunities for poor countries to improve their situation, the latter considered trade to be harmful to poorer countries and typically preferred a combination of protectionism and development aid. This opposition tended to dominate the discussion about the role of international trade in the Third World. Bhagwati 1993 , Krueger 1990 However, in recent years, a third position has come up. This position maintains that international trade can be beneficial to developing countries as long as it is performed in a just manner. The idea behind this is that, in conducting trade, we have a moral...
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... | Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 4 International Trade between South Korea & the European Union 6 A Macroeconomic Analysis of South Korea 6 The Free Trade Agreement between South Korea & the EU 6 International Trade between SK & EU 9 Other FTA Examples of South-Korea 10 World Trade Organization (WTO): Position regarding Bilateral Agreements 11 Conclusion & Recommendations 14 References / Endnotes 15 Appendices 17 Executive Summary This report analyzes trade relations between South Korea, one of the four Asian dragons, with the European Union, which has the largest nominal GDP and GDP PPP in the world. South Korea's industrialization, urbanization and GDP are rapidly growing mainly because of its comparative advantage in manufacturing and exporting of technological goods, its political centralization also supports a clear coordination and effectiveness of laws reforms. However, its aging population, low fertility rates, recent decline in FDIs and unresolved political disputes with Democratic People's Republic of Korea should be amended in order to increase consumer confidence and improve its international potential. South Korea's main partners are the United States of America and the European Union. The EU-South Korea Free Trade Agreement (2011) offers, among other things, preferential import duties and liberalization in trade of services via provisions for intellectual property, public procurement, competition...
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...different states through the partial or full abolition of tariff and non-tariff restrictions on trade taking place among them prior to their integration. According to business dictionary The elimination of tariff and nontariff barriers to the flow of goods, services, and factors of production between a group of nations, or different parts of the same nation. According to investopedia An economic arrangement between different regions marked by the reduction or elimination of trade barriers and the coordination of monetary and fiscal policies. The aim of economic integration is to reduce costs for both consumers and producers, as well as to increase trade between the countries taking part in the agreement. b) Meaning of economic intergration This is meant in turn to lead to lower prices for distributors and consumers with the goal of increasing the level of welfare, while leading to and increase of economic productivity of the states. The trade stimulation effects intended by means of economic integration are part of the contemporary economic Theory of the Second Best: where, in theory, the best option is free trade, with free competition and no trade barriers whatsoever. Free trade is treated as an idealistic option, and although realized within certain developed states, economic integration has been thought of as the "second best" option for global trade where barriers to full free trade exist. In economics the word integration was first employed in industrial organisation...
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...referenced. If this statement is untrue I acknowledge that I will have committed an assessment offence. I also certify that I have taken a copy of this assignment, to be made available upon request, which I will retain until after the Board of Examiners has published results. Laura Powell-Odabashy Management of International Business Laura Powell-Odabashy C3245807 Mary Leung Contents Page 1. Executive Summary 4 2. Introduction 5 3. Singapore Analysis 6 4.1. Singapore Country Overview 6 4.2. Singapore PESTLE Analysis 7 4. APEC Analysis 13 5.3. APEC Regional Overview 13 5. Debenhams Analysis 16 6.4. Debenhams Company Overview 16 6.5. Debenhams SWOT Analysis 17 6. Industry Analysis 20 7.6. Industry Overview 20 7.7. Industry Analysis 22 7. FMSS/Mode of Entry Analysis and Recommendation 27 8. Conclusion 30 9. Appendices 31 10. Bibliography 36 1. Executive Summary This report aims to firstly identify a suitable company that can expand overseas into a specific country within the APEC region and then distinguish the most appropriate foreign market servicing strategy to use in order to achieve a successful international position. The country selected within the APEC region is Singapore because it can offer an established...
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...Would free trade agreements improve international trade by encouraging foreign direct investments and opening new markets (Name) (University) Table of contents 1 Introduction……………………………………………………………………………………...3 2 Literature review………………………………………………………………………………..3 2.1 The Changing Landscape of Regional Trade Agreements ……………………………...……3 2.1.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………….3 2.1.2 Evolution of the RTAs Landscape………………………………………………….……….4 2.1.3 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………...6 2.1 Integrating Free Trade Agreements and the politics of Free trade Agreements…………….7 2.2.1 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………7 2.2.2 MENA Region………………………………………………………………………………8 2.2.4 Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………...9 2.3 Arab Free Trade Area: Potentialities and Effects and the Impact of regional Trade Agreement and Trade Facilitation in the Middle East North Africa region…………………….10 2.3.1 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..10 2.3.2 The Past……………………………………………………………………………………11 2.3.3 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………13 2.4 The North American Free Trade Agreement:Economic impacts of the agreement on United States of America and Mexico in comparison…………………………………………………14 2.4.1Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..14 2.4.2 About NAFTA……………………………………………………………………………15 2.4.3 Conclusion ……………………………………………………………………………….16 2.5 Effects of changes to USA-Korea Free Trade Agreements[FTA] On The Passenger Vehicle sector……………………………………………………………………………………………17...
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...Ateneo de Davao University School of Business and Governance Entrepreneurship Department Progressive Insurance: A Case Study Submitted to: Mr. Rey Navacilla Submitted by: John Paul Dela Vega Jose Antonio Kintanar Clarence Mitchell Sy Dayle Lois Tulang John Way Keith Medina Table of Contents I. Introduction…………………………………………………..…… II. Statement of the Problem…………………………………..…... III. Objectives of the Case Study………………………………..…. IV. Methodologies and Approaches…………………………….… V. Analysis of the Case a. Qualitative Tool: Fishbone Diagram………….…. b. Quantitative Tool: Decision Tree Analysis……. VI. Alternative Courses of Action (ACAs) c. Alternative Course 1……………………………..… d. Alternative Course 2……………………………….. e. Alternative Course 3……………………………..… VII. Significant Findings…………………………………………….. f. Positive Findings…………………………………… g. Negative Findings………………………………….. VIII. Recommendations…………………………………………….... IX. Conclusions……………………………………………………… I. Introduction Progressive Insurance, an automobile insurer company, which is based in Mayfield Village, Ohio. On the year of 1991 Progressive Insurance had approximately $1.3 Billion in their sales. When the year of 2006 came that $1.3 Billion in sales suddenly became $14.5 Billion. What did they do to make this figures increase so high? Nothing. For 15 years Progressive insurance just did little advertising...
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...Table of Contents Executive Summary 1.0 Introduction Page 1 1.1 Company Profile Page 2 1.2 Product Profile Page 2 1.3 Company’s Aim and Vision Page 2 1.4 Scope of the Analysis Page 2 2.0 Geographic Location Page 3 3.0 Demographic Analysis Page 3 4.0 Economic Analysis Page 3 4.1 Macroeconomic Analysis Page 4 4.1.1 GDP and GDP Growth Page 4 4.1.2 GDP per capita and GDP per capita PPP Page 5 4.1.3 Income Distribution Page 5 4.1.4 Major Exports and Imports Page 5 4.2 Business Environment Page 6 4.2.1 East of Doing Business Page 6 4.2.2 Economic Freedom Page 7 4.2.3 Perceived Corruption Page 7 4.2.4 Tariffs and Trade Agreements Page 7 4.2.5 Competitive Analysis Page 8 4.3 Per Capita Spending Page 9 4.4 Technological and Physical Infrastructure Page 9 4.4.1 Transport Infrastructure Page 10 4.4.2 Physical Infrastructure Page 10 5.0 Social Characteristics and Market Potential Page 11 6.0 Political and Legal Environment Page 11 6.1 Political Risk Page 11 6.2 Legal Risk Page 11 7.0 Trade and Diplomatic Relations with Australia Page 12 8.0 Country of Choice Page 12 9.0 Mode of Entry Page 12 10.0 Conclusion Page 13 References Page 14 Executive Summary This report examines and assesses the market suitability of two countries for the company Octahedron’s SWIM software....
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........................... 3 2.0 International marketing opportunities ............................................................................................. 5 2.1 International Trade Patterns......................................................................................................... 5 2.2 International Marketing Trends .................................................................................................... 9 Smart Phone and Android Market Analysis .................................................................................... 9 2.3 International business opportunities .............................................................................................. 12 2.3.1 Country assessment ................................................................................................................. 12 USA ................................................................................................................................................ 13 Singapore ...................................................................................................................................... 17 New Zealand ................................................................................................................................. 21 2.3.2 Risks analysis...
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...Introduction 2 1.1 Background 2 1.1 Significance of study 4 1.2 Aims and Objective of the Study 5 1.3 Research Questions 5 2. Literature review 6 2.1 Defining private standards 6 2.2 Azerbaijan foreign trade overview 8 3. Standards, Exports and Developing Countries 9 3.1 Historical Emergence and Development of Private Standards 9 3.2 GlobalGAP 10 3.2 Assessing impact of private food standards 11 3.2.1. Impact indicators used in the literature - What to measure? 11 3.2. Impact assessment methodologies: How to measure? 13 4. Empirical Framework 14 4.1 Private Standards as Facilitators to Trade 14 4.2 Private Standards as Barriers to Trade 16 5. Analysis of the Impact of Private Food Standards on Azerbaijan's Export Trade Based On Literature Review Methodology 18 5.1 The General Form of the Literature Review Methodology…………… 18 5.2 Model Construction; Analysis of literature papers reviewed 21 5.5 Results and Analysis 24 6.6 Country differences: An Empirical Analysis 30 7. A Strategic Analysis on How to Protect Azerbaijan National Foreign Trade from Adverse Effects of Private Standards. 31 References 33 1 Introduction 1.1 Background In the last two decades, the increased globalization has seen trade standards take center stage in agri-trade regulations. Private standards have emerged as one of the most important mode of market governance in many countries. As many issues emerge pertaining to implications of food practices on health, the focus...
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...42-56 The Trade Potential of the Arab Gulf Cooperation Countries (GCC): A Gravity Model Approach Dr. Houcine Boughanmi Sultan Qaboos University Abstract The GCC region has recently witnessed the creation of a customs union between the countries of the region as well as the signature of many free trade areas with countries/blocs outside the region (i.e. US and EU). The purpose of this paper is to investigate the potential of trade of the GCC countries within the context of the old and the emerging preference trade arrangements in the region of Middle East and North African Countries (MENA). A gravity trade model was estimated based on pooled time series-cross-sectional data of bilateral trade of the MENA countries with their major trading partners. The results indicate that in spite of the fact that the share of GCC intra-trade is too small in absolute terms, it is actually higher than expected on the basis of underlying trade determinants. However the level of the GCC intra-trade has not changed significantly over the years and had probably reached its full potential during the first decade of the GCC creation. Trade with the Mashreq countries are more than expected, while it is less than expected with the Maghreb countries despite the implementation of the GAFTA a decade ago. The GCC trade with the European Union and the US was found to be quite intensive although no formal trade arrangement existed between the GCC and both blocs for the time-period used in the analysis. The results...
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