...Freedom of Speech and expression in the school system The Supreme Court has recognized several categories that are excluded from freedom and the government now has the right to put reasonable restrictions on certain speech and expressions. These restrictions take me to the discussion of freedom of speech and expression in the schools. School officials may limit free speech under certain conditions. This right applies to all levels of education for students and teachers. Both students and teachers have the right to speak their minds and convey freedom of speech and expression thru clothing, hair colors and other expressive actions and statements. There are limits though in the school setting, deciding on where the line is crossed though is the tough decision. Freedom of speech does not only have to be a language but can also include art, non-verbal expression anything that coveys a message to another person. I do believe that everyone has the right to freedom of speech and expression but I also believe there is a time and a place for everything. In a school setting you need to provide a safe learning environment for all students. And this means making tough decisions as to what should and should not be tolerated. When it comes to the subject of the pledge of allegiance in schools I truly believe strongly that it should be allowed and performed as part of the school curriculum. Growing up we recited the pledge every morning. It was not until recent years that some decided it...
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...Therefore, freedom is not absolute. In the West where personal freedom is held in the highest esteem, there are still definable limits. Freedom of speech, in the words of an American jurist, does not include the freedom to yell “Fire!” in a crowded theatre, unless of course there is a fire. America has enshrined in its constitution the Bill of Rights with the specific purpose of protecting the civil liberties of its citizens. Among its provisions are the freedoms of speech, religion, and peaceful assembly, together with the rights of due process. These statutes notwithstanding, they did not protect Japanese Americans from being forcefully relocated and incarcerated during World War II, and more recently, the detention of thousands of Arab-Americans following the 9/11 attacks. Today the injustices perpetrated on those Japanese-Americans are widely acknowledged, but significantly, the Supreme Court decision affirming the legality of that mass detention has yet to be overturned. There will always be limits to freedom; the pertinent question is where those lines are drawn and the role they play in the ordinary lives of the citizens. Limits on human freedom can be viewed likewise. In America there are definite limits but they are more like the moat; the citizens are hardly aware of them. They are not intrusive. Executive powers to establish military tribunals for example, are definite boundaries and gross infringements on the citizens’ freedom. Similarly Canada has its War Powers...
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...American Freedoms for the Muslim World As an American we are guaranteed certain rights, one of these rights is the freedom of speech, granted to us by our founding fathers, it is the First Amendment in the Bill of Rights, it has since been used as a founding point for the Right to Freedom of Expression which is recognized as a human right under Article 19 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and recognized in International Human Rights Law in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).1 But is there a line that must be drawn? Are we truly ‘All entitled to our own opinion’ or is it true that ‘We are all entitled to our own opinion, the problem is when you share it with everyone else’? Social Media has always been a great opportunity to express one’s self, from the basics of printing your thoughts on paper for others to read, or to broadcast your voice over the air waves for people to hear, and with the invention of Television you can even share your facial expressions, gestures, and movements. However there has always been a limit to just how much you could express. There have always been ‘rules’ to follow, things that you just don’t put on the television, or the radio, things that you cannot print in the paper. But with the birth of the internet a brand new freedom immerged, suddenly and with great explosion anyone could express themselves in any manner they desired, and there are few ‘rules’ to regulate just how ‘free’ you can be. We see the...
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...the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. Weeks later after many arguments between the same delegates about other rights of American citizens, the Bill of Rights was written to solidify all of the basic individual freedoms of the people. It was on this document that several laws were written and many great freedoms given. But because these amendments didn't give a specific definition of these freedoms and rights problems ranging from wars being fought because of conflicting ideals in people to poor moral choices being unjustified because there is no line drawn to decide how far things will go; and the vague rules that allow and cause these things to happen need to rewritten . To learn where it all this mess starts is easy; it starts almost immediately after the signing of the Constitution. The document states that there will be freedom of speech, assembly, the right to bear arms, and other freedoms. The cause of one of the first issues that plagued America was not whether the rules are fair and good or not, but who the rules and freedoms are meant for. This was cause of the continuation of slavery in America even after men were supposed to be free because the Bill of rights did not state that a man, either black or white or red or green, has these freedoms. It just simply says that the citizens of America have these rights and the government cannot infringe upon them. And like most legal documents there are always different ways to interpret them. Even women at the time...
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...Essay 3, written by Emily Greentree DRAFT The main character in Persepolis: The Story of a Childhood, a comic book written and illustrated by Marjane Satrapi, is Marjane while she was growing up with her family during the Islamic Revolution. She is an educated young girl and is raised by a family who fights for freedom in the revolution. Her father, Ebi Satrapi, and her mother, Taji Satrapi, are protecting their daughter while also protecting human rights to defend their culture and land. Iraq bombs are dropping in their lands of Iran and Iran troops are fighting to defend. Her family has friends who are communists and her uncle was in prison for 9 years because he was communist too. Marji reflects on the events around her and shares with the reader about the difficulties of the war and growing up with a regime changing culture. The school demonstrations become violent and she has more reasons to not to be living in Iran any longer. Her parents decide she should live in Austria. The panel on bottom page 146 has Marjane lying in bed. The frame of the panel is a rectangle that stretches from the entire left side of the page to the right side of the page. The panel’s height is about a third of the page, and looks somewhat similar to the other frames on the page. Above the panel there is a star and the words ‘equivalent to $5.00’ written in the gutter. That phrase does not apply to this frame, it applies to the frame above this one indicating that 500 tumans is 5 dollars...
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...Abraham Lincoln’s speech later titled “A Hhouse Ddivided” was delivered in front of 1,000 rRepublican delegates after who had voting nominated Abraham Lincoln in as their candidate to the U.S sSenate . An issue causing a rift throughout the nation, slavery was had been disputed since the inception of America. Lincoln not only understood the problems created by slavery at his present time, he also for lack of a better term prophesized the oncoming storm that would ensued from both the disagreements between the opponents and proponents of slavery: . “We are now far into the fifth year, since a policy was initiated, with the avowed object, and confident promise, of putting an end to slavery agitation. Under the operation of that policy, that agitation has not only, not ceased, but has constantly augmented. In my opinion, it will not cease, until a crisis shall have been reached, and passed. A house divided against its self cannot stand." Abraham Lincoln clearly understood the schism that was taking place across the country, though it was considered politically irresponsible by his peers and fellow party members , Lincoln’s resolve to end this bitter dispute would carry America through its darkest days. Abraham Lincoln's "House Divided" speech had a specific purpose for it. He was directing it mainly at the congressmen and the President, and it's purpose was to show them how America was hurting itself by fighting endlessly over slavery. During this speech Abraham Lincoln addresses...
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...The Inaugural Coase Lecture An Introduction to Regression Analysis Alan O. Sykes* Regression analysis is a statistical tool for the investigation of relationships between variables. Usually, the investigator seeks to ascertain the causal effect of one variable upon another—the effect of a price increase upon demand, for example, or the effect of changes in the money supply upon the inflation rate. To explore such issues, the investigator assembles data on the underlying variables of interest and employs regression to estimate the quantitative effect of the causal variables upon the variable that they influence. The investigator also typically assesses the “statistical significance” of the estimated relationships, that is, the degree of confidence that the true relationship is close to the estimated relationship. Regression techniques have long been central to the field of economic statistics (“econometrics”). Increasingly, they have become important to lawyers and legal policy makers as well. Regression has been offered as evidence of liability under Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of , as evidence of racial bias in death penalty litigation, as evidence of damages in contract actions, as evidence of violations under the Voting Rights Act, and as evidence of damages in antitrust litigation, among other things. In this lecture, I will provide an overview of the most basic techniques of regression analysis—how they work, what they assume, Professor of Law, University of Chicago...
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...reports being made on a regular basis arguing this subject. We not only see or hear reports about it, however; we experience it first had without realizing that it is in fact a prominent issue. I myself had never had too much of an opinion on this matter but I do believe that teachers should be allowed to speak freely in a classroom. As citizens of the United States we are all entitled to freedom of speech, whether they are teachers or students. With that being said I do believe there is an appropriate type of classroom, meaning: a public or private school. Is it a university, college, or a high school? Is it a type of classroom that would call for a debate or opinion? There are many things to take into consideration when discussing this topic and we will take a look at a few of the reasons I believe it is perfectly acceptable for teachers to be able to speak their minds. The first thing I want to make note of is The First Amendment, which states, “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.” The information Bear2 presented from The First Amendment, in my opinion, is enough reason to allow teachers their exercise their rights as Americans. Teachers are also protected by the Academic Bill of Rights. In the “mission” it states that the “purposes of...
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...First, from the government level of free speech and what is approved, and with the policies of the universities.The university did state that students, “reserves the right to specify time, manner and place for the exercise of these freedoms, guided by factors that include safety, the rights of others and the normal functioning of the university.” Their posters being taken down and actions toward stopping the flag burning is justified, given the policy that they have. I agree that people have the right to protest against Donald Trump, hold up their signs, and even burn the flag. To me, it’s very disrespectful, time wasting, and unclassy, but they do have the right. However, and this goes back to my statement in my first journal entry, when the physical safety of the people comes into hand, shouldn’t that be where the line is drawn? It’s their own fault, but if they get injured attempting to burn the flag, was it really worth what you were trying to protest? There are other reasons and factors, but safety should outweigh trying to burn a...
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...Censorship means to suppress any parts of entertainment and media that are considered inappropriate, politically unacceptable, or a threat to security. Though it has it's good intentions, it's slowly making its way to become an epidemic in this day in age to the point where a line needs to be drawn to what should and shouldn't be censored. To simply put it, censorship isn't always wrong but it needs to be taken care of before it's too late. For starters, censorship does come with its own down sides. In fact, one of the major down sides of censorship is that it interferes with peoples rights such as the first amendment, the freedom of speech, and of course freedom. The right to be fed information that the media refuses to show, for example....
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...Since early in our nation’s history, First Amendment rights have been used as a shield to safeguard individuals from being stripped of certain liberties that are guaranteed to the people. However, there have been cases in the past where professionals abuse the freedoms that are given to them, and limitations are then set in place. The Florida Bar v. Went For It, Inc exemplifies a case where the Supreme Court decided that individuals deserve to have the right to privacy. 1 The Supreme Court took notice of the First Amendment implications to limitations of personal injury lawyers from sending targeted direct-mail solicitations to victims and their relatives for 30 days following an accident or disaster. 2 The Court established used a the Central Hudson test, which was a four –part test, which engages in “intermediate” scrutiny of restrictions in commercial speech, analyzing them under the framework set forth in Central Hudson Gas and Electric Corp v. Public Service Commission of N.Y. The test, predicated on a making sure that three prongs are being proven: first the government must assert a substantial interest in support of its...
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...Constitutional Rights Constitutional Rights Constitutional rights are rights given to the people by the U.S. Constitution, and in particular, the Bill of Rights, and (first ten amendments). These amendments re going to include writ of habeas corpus, no bill of attained, no duties or taxes on transporting goods from one state to another, jury trials, freedom of religion, speech press, assembly, and petition, state militia to bear arms, no quartering of troops in homes, no unreasonable search and seizure, major crimes require indictment, no double jeopardy for the same crime, no self-incrimination, right to due process, right to just compensation for property taken by eminent domain, in criminal law, right to a speedy trial, to confront witnesses against one, and to counsel, trial by jury, etc (Szypszak, 2011). This paper is going to discuss the case of Korb v. Raytheon, 707 F. Supp. 63 (D. Mass. 1989) and the challenges that were faced with the constitutional rights, and discuss some other case that support the analysis of this case. Facts, Issues, & Rule: Korb v. Raytheon Raytheon was a large corporation that built equipment for the U.S. military, and Korb was an employee that was hired by the company for a brief period of time as a vice-president in their Washington, DC office. The Massachusetts Supreme Court summarized the facts of this case: In December, 1985, with Raytheon's permission, Korb joined the executive...
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...CLINICS AT LOW COST Contact WOMEN's PAVILION 515 Madison Avenue New York, N.Y. 10022 or call any time (212) 371-6670 or (212) 371-6650 AVAILABLE 7 DAYS A WEEK STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL. We will make all arrangements for you and help you with information and counseling. 1 Specifically, Mr. Bigelow was charged with violating Va. Code Ann. § 18.1-63 (1960). The statute made it a misdemeanor to encourage or prompt the processing of an abortion "by publication, lecture, advertisement, or by the sale or circulation of any publication, or in any other manner, encourage or prompt the procuring of abortion or miscarriage". Mr. Bigelow was tried and convicted in Albemarle County Court. He appealed to the Albemarle County Circuit Court, where he was granted a de novo trial. De Novo is Latin for ‘new beginning’, so a de novo trial is a completely new trial. Typically, a trial de novo is ordered by an appellate court when the original trial failed to make a determination in a manner dictated by law. 2 He was tried by judge in July, 1971. The facts of the case were stipulated. The evidence presented included a copy of the advertisement printed in the February 8, 1971 issue of The Virginia Weekly, as well as the June 1971 issue of Redbook magazine, in which was printed an article...
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... | |Julien LICATA | |9th December 2011 | | | TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 3 ANALYSIS 5 1. Digitality 5 2. Interactivity 5 3. Hypertextuality 6 4. Virtuality 6 5. Hypermediacy 7 6. Immediacy 7 7. Automation 8 DISCUSSION 9 1. Fragmentation 9 2. Information and communication freedom 10 REFERENCES 11 INTRODUCTION In twenty years, Internet has modified the everyday life of more than 2 billion persons. (InternetWorldStats, 2011) The World Wide Web has become a work tool for some of us and an entertainment for others. At the middle of the 1990’s, the press groups made a start on this new network which is resourceful in a lot of fields: quick information spreading, instant access to many news website, link to related topics and articles, wide sort of aids to illustrate the news, possibility to find an article easily thanks to search engine. Internet gives deep information that...
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...Technologies Used In Internet Censorship and Control Murdoch (2013) opines the Internet as an entity where control is always fought over for by those that use it. He further demystifies the internet, breaking it down to the two protocols that define it. These are the transmission control protocol – TCP- and the Internet Protocol –Ip. It is these protocols that enable the connection of two separate networks to each other. The protocols enable the easy connection of separate networks, without the need to make the hardware in the networks the same. It also enables restriction abstraction, where networks can be interoperable irrespective of the underlying architecture. It is important to note that the protocols are not the product of a bug; instead they are a deliberate effort to make internet connectivity seamless. The nature of the internet (which unlike other services and goods doesn’t have a single straight forward owner) raises some logical implementation queries related to its restriction. In the beginning, there were some mechanisms of control which were fronted by the members that make up the larger internet community. There existed as norms, that lacked any legal backing form the courts and law enforcement. To ensure adherence to these laws, the internet community leaders (in this case the administrators) would threaten to disconnect the perpetrators and then further block them if they persisted. At the time, it was the hope of many users and administrators that this...
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