...The French and Indian War The French and Indian War was a conflict between Britain against the French and the Native Americans. it was called the Seven Years' War in Europe, and the war was ended with the Treaty of Paris of 1763. In addition, it began because of a conflict over who owned the Ohio River Valley, the war lasted from 1754–1763, It gave Britain almost all of Canada and the land from the Atlantic to the Mississippi River. France also transferred its control of the Louisiana Territory to Spain. Therefore, The French and Indian War altered the relationship between Britain and its American colonies because the war enabled Britain to be more "active" in colonial political and economic affairs by imposing regulations and levying taxes...
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...The establishment and governance in North America determined how the relationships would be with the Native Americans. The Spanish, English, French and Dutch are motivated by the three D’s, Gold, Glory and God. These three motives reinforce each other and cause problems with the natives. The English colonies wanted land in North America. Their goal was to find Gold but did not find any. They were known as the settler colonialism. The English colonies ruled over by governors sent from England. In Jamestown they lacked food and labor. Tried to fix problem by indentured servitude, provide free passage to new world in exchange for years of work. . Some came for the wealth. Others came to escape religious persecution or religious freedom. Also importing of slaves from Africa. Eventually they survived by growing and selling tobacco. The relationship between the English and Native Americans was good, but because the new settlers wanted land it led to the down fall of their good relationship. Didn’t want to convert them but some did convert....
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...What started as the French and Indian War soon widened and spread into Europe becoming known also as the 7 Years War. It all began when the British government sent troops in to defend the colonists. Many problems arose when the colonist became enraged with imposed taxes and their unrepresented position in parliament. The results of the war were long lasting later leading to the start of the Revolutionary War. The French and Indian War had great economic, political and ideological effects on the American colonies. The political results of the war had many long lasting effects on Britain and the American colonies. English debt lead to unfair taxation of the colonists. After 1763, English colonies began to control the new world. This had a major impact on the political relationship between Britain and the American colonists as it lead to the Proclamation of 1763. Britain's abandonment of their salutary neglect policy created huge political conflict. After the French and Indian War, England found themselves deep in debt. As a result of their debt, they began to strictly regulate trade, and impose taxes on commonly used items. Angered colonists felt this was unjust taxation. Sudden taxation and regulation began to affect the economic relationship between the colonists and the British Mainland. Prior to the French and Indian War, the Wool, Hat, and Iron Acts forced the Americans to ship their raw the material to Britain, only to later buy the finished products...
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...arrival of European explorers and colonies. Was this interaction more harmful or beneficial to both Europeans and Native Americans? The cultural interactions between the Europeans and the Native Americans were ultimately destructive for the natives, but overall beneficial for the Europeans. It is clearly stated in many history books that the European diseases brought over to the Americas decimated much of the native population. This dramatic loss of population affected the natives willingness to resist European assimilation, and thus contributed to the loss of many native cultures but a blending of European and native cultures. Furthermore, the natives were often...
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...customs and etiquette built “brick by brick.” With America being a much younger nation, I think it would be very important to accommodate and adapt to their techniques and business communication strategies as opposed to Americans attempting to force our techniques and business communication strategies on them. Based on my research, it doesn’t seem like we would be given much choice in the matter. The French are so adamant about their deep culture and manners that one would basically have to accommodate them or face a failed attempt to obtain a business relationship with them. The report goes into greater detail about these issues. Feel free to contact me with any further questions. Executive Summary This report gives a brief comparison of business communication between France and the United States. Speak French Fluently, or Not At All The French are very proud of their language. It is one of the most endeared languages in the world, and widely known as “the language of love.” Therefore, one must be able to speak French very well in order to communicate successfully with them, especially in business. Style, or be profiled Paris may be one of the fashion capitals of the world, but France in its entirety is a very fashion driven country. The French pay more attention to the details of their dress than most other things, so you can bet they’ll be paying attention to yours as you arrive for a business meeting. Keep it Light When discussing business with a Frenchman...
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...called Perspective. Several months later, the newly merged organization decided to scrap Perspective in favor of Vigilance. The Perspective team members were disappointed, but understood the rationale for the change in direction. The Vigilance core teams were introduced to each other virtually and had been working with each other via teleconferences. These teleconferences were frequently cancelled by Didier Amrani, the project manager, without notice and without him having sought input from the rest of the team as to whether there were issues they wanted to discuss. Didier strongly controlled the way meetings were run by restricting the kinds of information that was exchanged and the ways in which it was exchanged. Also, the other French team members seemed to be in accordance to Didier’s behavior. When there was discussion, many...
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...America once held a close relationship with England. England acted as a mother to America, supporting and protecting the country in times of war, claiming land in American territory, and sharing the same social identity. However, America started to develop as an independent country that did not have England in the picture. They believed their rights were being violated by the English, could control their own economy, and saw the English as strangers with the same identity. Eventually, America separated from England by determining their own government, taxes, and identity. The American value of freedom was challenged very often due to the English, which ultimately led to the divorce of the countries. Changes in colonists’ attitudes can be shown...
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...Research the status of the merged company at the time of your reading of this case. What happened in the industry since the merger, and how is the company faring? (Financial report of Alcatel-Lucent : http://investing.businessweek.com) Cross-cultural misunderstanding and problems took place when American CEO Patricia Russo and French board member Serge Tchuruk were present at Alcatel Lucent. After their departure the organization took appropriate actions by placing French chairman Philippe Camus and Ben Verwaayen in position as the new heads. Philippe Camus is a French who lives in America so he was familiar with both the American and French culture. Ben Verwaayen, being a Dutch has no effect on the cultural as he had a neutral nationality in the company, but he was still closely familiar with cross-cultural issues. Most importantly, both executives were comfortable with working with each other and had no issues on personal level. Since then Alcatel-Lucent has impressively reported in 2009 for 15.2 billion Euros of revenue. The company is currently operating in more than 130 countries worldwide with both executives still in the same position. Moreover, Alcatel-Lucent was able to become worldwide leader in fixed broadband access market (2008), named ‘Strong Performer’ for Interaction-Centric Customer Service Solutions by Genesys (2008), won IEC InfoVision Award (2008), and ranked No.2 in Global Telecommunications Services Market (2008) (Alcatel-Lucent web-site, 2011 ...
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...Over the course of 7 years (1689-1697), the tension between between France, Spain and England grew and caused the first worldwide war; in order to gain control over the West Indies, Canada and the trade in the English colonies.The Native Americans were being driven away because the English needed more land for plantations and ports. King William’s War, was provoked because the English were expanding rapidly and the Natives were being pushed out and weren't strong enough to fight against the Europeans because they lacked the weapon technology and they also had suffered a demographic change due to illness. The Natives who were supplied by the French, burned down English settlements. The English corresponded with what is called Queen Anne’s War, winning Nova Scotia and trading rights in Spanish America. The third and last war was King George’s War when they beat France, obtaining Louisburg, then exchanging it for economic gains in India, which made the Colonist furious. After the French-Indian war, the relationship between English and the Colonist shifted because of the enforced taxation and...
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...primary objective for Mouse heading into the negotiation was to ensure co-operation from the mayors of Chessy, Coupvray, Magny and Bailly. The strategy revolved around financial compensation as a means of dealing with these towns. The approach towards the French government was one based on an assumption of them being supportive of Mouse in the negotiation. Mouse believed that as the government was the deciding authority, they would step in to exercise this power in favor of Mouse if there were to be an impasse. In the context of the exercise, Mouse was engaged in a negotiation with five other French nationals. Being the only American party caused conflicts with the French due to disparities in the way that the two societies conducted their business dealings. American culture is one that is deeply entrenched in its capitalist roots; this is a stark contrast to socialism in France. Capitalism is characterized by its ‘selfish’ tendencies whereas socialism focuses on the progression of society as a whole. Thus, the fundamental differences in the manner through which the two societies operate were possible causes of conflicts. Application of Cultural Frameworks By applying the various cultural frameworks to the French and Americans, it allows for an explanation of why disagreements arose between Mouse, the mayors and the government. As per Hofstede’s theory of cultural dimensions, it is observed that France and United States (US) lie on opposite ends of the spectrum. Thus, it serves...
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...most likely to be understood by a person of a given culture. Discussions are frequently impeded because the two sides seem to be pursuing different paths of logic; in any cross-cultural context, the potential for misunderstanding and talking past each other is great. When one takes the seemingly simple process of negotiations into a cross-cultural context, it becomes even more complex and complications tend to grow exponentially. It is naive indeed to venture into international negotiation with the belief that “after all people are pretty much alike everywhere and behave much as we do.” Even if they wear the same clothes you do, speak English as well as (or even better than) you, and prefer many of the comforts and attributes of American life (food, hotels, sports), it would be foolish to view a member of another culture as a brother in spirit. That negotiation style you use so effectively domestically can be inappropriate and when dealing with people from another cultural background; in fact its use can often result in more harm than gain. Heightened sensitivity, more attention to detail, and perhaps even changes in basic behavioral patterns are required when working in another culture. Different cultural systems can produce divergent negotiating styles—styles shaped by each nation’s culture, geography, history, and political system. Unless you see the world through the other’s eyes (no matter how similar they appear to...
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...The American Revolution began for many reasons. In the course of history there has always been one event that lead to another in our history the French and Indian War (aka 7 year War) was believe to have helped cause to the American Revolution War this was the roots. This was an economic, social, political issue. The War was for the land of Canada and 13 colonies to increase empire expansion. Britain and France rivalry came to the point to requiring American colonies since that was the case the colonies needed Britain's protection. The war ended in France losing all of its land in North America and Canada except two small island. After the war it so happen that the colonists started to desire freedom & independence. The French and Indian War had changed the relationship between Great Britain and the 13 colonies which made them from a close relationship to a more distance one. Before the war, Great Britain was very wealthy from the colonies through the economic theory of mercantilism and all the abusive acts such as the Stamp Act, Tea Act, and others. After the French and Indian Wars was over the colonists had a sense that they should obtain more independence and a goal they should accomplish. Since France was no longer a threat to Britain in America, Britain found that the colonists were demanding more freedom and would probably want to have their own rules. The British did not want that after all they've fought for in the war in order to retain control of America. They become...
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...Spain was the first country to explore America and they sought gold above all else, because gold meant money and money meant power. Spain settled few areas such as today's New Mexico and Mexico City, but they mostly just explored the New World. When they did settle areas they mainly established trading posts, but they never brought a lot of citizens to live there and make a civilization. They searched for gold all over present day North America and called some of the most fertile soil in the world, a desert. Although they found plenty of silver they never found the city of gold they were looking for. The Native Americans were treated terrible by the Spanish, they kicked them off their land and burned their cities, like Tenochtitlan, to the...
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...MICKEY GOES TO FRANCE: A CASE STUDY OF THE EURO DISNEYLAND NEGOTIATIONS Lauren A. Newell* In 1984, The Walt Disney Company (“Disney”) was riding the wave of success from its newest Resort,1 Tokyo Disney Resort (“Tokyo Disney”),2 which attracted 10 million guests3 in the first year alone,4 and its thoughts turned to further international expansion—this time, in Europe. After careful consideration of potential locations and preliminary negotiations with two European governments,5 Disney decided in 1984 to launch Euro Disneyland (“Euro Disneyland” or “EDL”)6 in Marne-la-Vallee, France. The ´ realities of opening and operating EDL in France were far different than Disney’s expectations when it began negotiations—so much so that the Resort narrowly escaped bankruptcy.7 For an “entertainment empire”8 like Disney, this was an unprecedented * Assistant Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University, Pettit College of Law; B.A., Georgetown University, 2004; J.D., Harvard Law School 2007. 1 As used herein, “Resort” refers to a Disney resort property, consisting of (unless otherwise indicated), Parks, hotels, all entertainment facilities, and the transportation systems that connect them. “Park” refers to a Disney theme park, including (unless otherwise indicated) the park grounds, rides, and attractions, and surrounding resorts, hotels, and other Disney-affiliated entertainment facilities. 2 Tokyo Disney was Disney’s third Park and first international venture, located in Tokyo, Japan. See...
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...MICKEY GOES TO FRANCE: A CASE STUDY OF THE EURO DISNEYLAND NEGOTIATIONS Lauren A. Newell* In 1984, The Walt Disney Company (“Disney”) was riding the wave of success from its newest Resort,1 Tokyo Disney Resort (“Tokyo Disney”),2 which attracted 10 million guests3 in the first year alone,4 and its thoughts turned to further international expansion—this time, in Europe. After careful consideration of potential locations and preliminary negotiations with two European governments,5 Disney decided in 1984 to launch Euro Disneyland (“Euro Disneyland” or “EDL”)6 in Marne-la-Vallee, France. The ´ realities of opening and operating EDL in France were far different than Disney’s expectations when it began negotiations—so much so that the Resort narrowly escaped bankruptcy.7 For an “entertainment empire”8 like Disney, this was an unprecedented * Assistant Professor of Law, Ohio Northern University, Pettit College of Law; B.A., Georgetown University, 2004; J.D., Harvard Law School 2007. 1 As used herein, “Resort” refers to a Disney resort property, consisting of (unless otherwise indicated), Parks, hotels, all entertainment facilities, and the transportation systems that connect them. “Park” refers to a Disney theme park, including (unless otherwise indicated) the park grounds, rides, and attractions, and surrounding resorts, hotels, and other Disney-affiliated entertainment facilities. 2 Tokyo Disney was Disney’s third Park and first international venture, located in Tokyo, Japan. See...
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