...Cinema of France From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia See also: French comedy films Cinema of France | Gaumont palace in Paris, c.1914 | Number ofscreens | 5,653 (2014)[1] | Main distributors | Twentieth Century Fox(14.6%) Warner Bros. (9.8%) UGC (6.9%)[1] | Produced feature films (2014)[1][2] | Total | 258 | Animated | 9 (3.49%) | Documentary | 37 (14.34%) | Number of admissions (2014)[1][2] | Total | 208.9768 million | National films | 91.26 million (44.4%) | Gross box office (2014)[1][2] | Total | €1.33 billion | National films | €563.01 million (43.1%) | Cinema of France refers to the film industry based in France. The French cinema comprises the art of film and creative movies made within the nation of France or by French filmmakers abroad. France is the birthplace of cinema and was responsible for many of its significant contributions to the art form and the film-making process itself.[3] Several important cinematic movements, including the Nouvelle Vague, began in the country. It is noted for having a particularly strong film industry, due in part to protections afforded by the French government.[3] Apart from its strong and innovative film tradition, France has also been a gathering spot for artists from across Europe and the world. For this reason, French cinema is sometimes intertwined with the cinema of foreign nations. Directors from nations such as Poland (Roman Polanski, Krzysztof Kieślowski, and Andrzej Żuławski), Argentina(Gaspar...
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...responses should include examples from the reading assignments. 1. Perhaps the most important artistic trend of the early twentieth century was labeled modernism. Summarize some of the principal tenets of modernism, and specify how these ideas influenced the development of the French Impressionism (or German Expressionist [Ch. 5] or Soviet Montage [Ch. 6]) movement in film. It signaled a major shift in cultural attitudes that arose largely as a response to modern life, the late phases of the industrial revolution, especially the new modes of transportation and communication that were swiftly transforming people’s lives. Telephones, automobiles, and airplanes were considered great advances, yet they also seemed threatening, especially in their capacity to be used in warfare. 2. What created the problems confronting French film production between 1918 and 1928? Identify the three primary factors as identified in the text, and summarize the effects of each of these causes. One of the problems that was getting in the way of French film production was all of the imported films pouring into the country, of all the films coming into the country were American films. The French market was relatively small, and films seldom could recover their costs with out going aboard. Foreign films, however, were difficult to place in the lucrative American market, and only a tiny number of French films had any success there during this period....
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...Your responses should include examples from the reading assignments. 1. Compare and contrast the "revolutionary" cinemas of Cuba and Argentina. Argentina was part of third world revolutionary cinema, Solanas and Getino’s “Third Cinema” manifesto essay set the agenda for Argentina’s film making, Solanas explained that not all big productions were necessarily first cinema. Writing later in 1970s, Getino noted that “the force and cohesion of the popular movements in Argentina –were not as strong as we had imagined” (Octavio Getino, “some Notes on the concept of a ‘Third Cinema,” in Tim Barnard, ed., Argentine Cinema [Toronto: Nightwood, 1986], p. 107). In Cuba, feminist filmmaking pioneered the turn to issue-centered, grassroots problems. As the international women’s movement grew, films on rape, self-defense and house-keeping were paralleled by explorations of women history which are epitomized in the U.S. films Union Maids (1976) and with babies and Banners (1978) by Women’s Labor History Project. During the next decade, minority women also played an increasing part in the changes in experimental cinema. 2. What factors influenced the development of militant black African cinema in the 1960s and 1970s? Global cold war tensions increased as political turmoil turned to violent conflict in developing Third world nations. Responding to all these, cinema became politicized on a scale not seen since World War II....
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...Can Bollywood Go Global? Case Analysis: Managerial Communication II Section A Submitted By Ankur Jain 0069/52 Executive Summary The movie Industry came into being towards the end of the 19th century and it has grown steadily over the years, incorporating several changes in its outfit and presentation. From the French beginnings, to the British influence and then the American dominance after the 2nd world war, the entertainment industry has seen it all. Bollywood, the Hindi-language industry in Mumbai is considered by many to be the heart of the Indian film industry. Although the format of Bollywood films has changed over the years, a typical film is melodramatic; long (three to four hours); filled with song and dance numbers, elaborate sets, and brightly colored costumes; and based on traditional values such as family and religion. India is the largest producer of films in the world and very old film industry in the world which originated around about 103 years ago. In 2009 India produced a total of 2,961 films on celluloid that includes a staggering figure of 1,288 feature films. Indian film industry is multi-lingual and the largest in the world in terms of ticket sales and number of films produced. However, due to high taxes and low prices, It ranks 5th largest in terms of revenue. The industry is supported mainly by a vast film-going Indian public, and Indian films have been gaining increasing popularity in the rest of the world—notably in countries with large...
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...directors, actors and studios alike, come from, as most critics would agree, the golden age of Hollywood. Lasting from the 1920s-1960s, films produced between these years gave true recognition and uniqueness to US cinema. Also known as Classical Hollywood, these years provided the public with a sense of fashion like no other. We...
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...Historically, society was divided among the nobility, the bourgeoisie , the peasants, and the urban proletariat. The French system was the basis for much of Karl Marx's analysis of class struggles during the nineteenth century. The dominant class now is referred to as the bourgeoisie, although this term is difficult to define. Primarily, this class is considered to be the group that controls education and industry. A major source of debate is the issue of social mobility for people of different social origins. Statistics indicate that there is still a strong tendency for children to remain in the occupational class of their parents. For instance, in 1994, almost 50 percent of the children of workers became workers; only 9 percent of them became elite workers. Fifty-six percent of the children of elite workers became elite workers. The school system is blamed for the lack of social mobility. Symbols of Social Stratification. Social stratification has two main axes: urban versus rural and economic class position. The urban upper class generally has ties to provincial seats of power. The bourgeoisie establish the major tenets of good taste and refinement, of being "civilized." One's taste in music, art, food, and leisure activities generally reveals one's social class origins. Symbols of a higher class position include knowing not only about fine art but about the newest trends in avant-garde art, understanding and being able to purchase fine wines, and dressing with understatement while...
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...Global Cold War tensions increased as political turmoil turned to violent conflict in developing Third World nations. Responding to all of this, cinema became politicized on a scale not seen since World War II. The Third World was at the forefront of revolutionary cinema as filmmakers in those countries treated cinema as a tool of social change and a weapon of political liberation. This use of film as a social and political force emerged first in Latin America and spread to Africa and China, while also emerging in the First World countries including the U.S.S.R. and United States. The counterculture and the New Left were examples of an international politics of youth that focused on opposition to American involvement in Vietnam, critique of post-World War II capitalist society, and social-protest movements focused on equality of diverse groups. Eventually, radical leftism declined in the mid-1970s, but engaged filmmaking remained central to the micropolitics of the era. A June 1979 alternative-cinema conference in New York assembled over 400 political activists working in film and video in the United States. In some countries, government liberalization led to funding for militant film. The new Labour government in Britain assisted Liberation Film and Cinema Action, while the regional Maisons de la Culture allotted money for local media groups in France. Some parallel distribution and exhibition circuits proved successful in promoting films about nuclear power, day care...
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...Hollywood and the Rise of Cultural Protectionism The most commercially successful filmmaker of all time Steven Spielberg is synonymous with American cinema. He has directed and produced blockbusters like ET, Jurassic Park and War of the Worlds. As U.S. dominance of the International film industry grows, Spielberg has been the target of complaints about how Hollywood is changing world cultures. The values represented in Spielberg’s films are often viewed as part of the larger trend of the homogenization, or worse, the Americanization of global values and beliefs, Jurassic park ignited a storm of protest and calls for cultural protectionism. Film critics and cultural ministries around the globe found Jurassic Park to be a brainless film, lacking plot and succeeding entirely through special effects and big budget bells and whistles. French officials labeled the film a threat to their national identity. Three leading film makers_ Pedro Almodovar, Bernardo Bertolucci, and Wim Wenders_wrote Spielberg be reprimanded for the poor quality of the film, proclaiming that he was personally responsible for undermining their efforts to keep a culturally rich European cinema afloat. Another popular American movie, Lost in Translation came under fire from LA to Tokyo. Set in Japan’s capital and starring Bill Murray, the film won an academy award for best screen play, three golden globes and was nominated for 3 additional Oscars. The film was criticized for its portrayal of Japanese people as...
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...audiences could see in 2004, beyond American features and American co-productions, the rest of the world share of the market in UK and Ireland was just 2.7%, a figure which betrays the failure of film policy to encourage interest and understanding in the stories of what goes on beyond our shores. Last year also saw the consolidation of companies operating in the exhibition sector and a series of momentous deals which changed the landscape of UK exhibition. In August 2004, Terra Firma acquired both the Odeon and UCI cinema circuits for a total of 580 million pounds, acquiring a 35% share of the market. Then in December Cineworld UK, controlled by the Blackstone Group, a huge private investment firm, took over UGC’s cinema operations in the UK and the control of 408 screens in 42 cinemas. Up until the takeover, UGC had demonstrated the best record for the range of films exhibited by a multiplex chain. As a result of the mergers the property and management of our cinemas is now...
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...Arthus Bertrand's Home Documentary. The movie is a collection of unique aerial footage from over 50 countries, which will try to show the state of the planet in natural and urban areas with the goal of inciting people to act. Says the producer, Denis Carot, "Home is a film with a message that sets out to shift people's perceptions, make us aware of the tectonic movements at work and incite us to act. Although there is a general trend in our societies towards an awareness of ecological issues, concrete action is still too little, too slow—which constitutes in some ways the creed of the movie: It's too late to be a pessimist". Find out more details on the movie and about the events around the world for the premiere in the extended.Foundations and Idea behind Home Although famous for its Earth from Above pictures, this is the first movie by French photographer Yann Arthus Bertrand. He got the idea of making it moved by the impact Al Gore's An Inconvenient Truth had since its release. "When I invited Al Gore to show his film, An Inconvenient Truth, to the French Parliament, I realized just how much impact a movie could have, even more than a TV program. I saw how moved the audience was—to tears in some cases—and I said to myself that a feature film was an excellent way of reaching people," he said in an interview at the press release brochure. Great Prismatic springs at the Yellowstone Park, United States. ©Film "Home", a coproduction by Elzevir Films/Europacorp. A movie from above ...
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...Gianvito Lanzolla and Jamie Anderson see the digital world, and here they reveal three trends that companies need to prepare for. Comments In the past, media and technology industries operated through specialized value chains with clearly defined boundaries. Mobile phones were used to make simple voice calls, Walkmans were used to play cassette tapes, and computers existed mainly to crunch data. But new technologies have made it possible to convert different kinds of content – a radio programme, a book, a magazine, a song, a phone call – into digital data; in digital terms, there is little difference between them. At the same time, the Internet and other communication networks based on Internet protocol have made it possible to distribute this digitized content in costeffective and ubiquitous ways. The extent and nature of these changes and their consequent strategic implications remain substantially misunderstood. While some studies have been made, they have mainly had an industry-specific focus, with the consequent limitation of overlooking the systemic effect of ongoing transformations. In order to address this limitation, we researched current transformations in media, telecommunications and technology companies and distilled three specific trends – digital interactions, digital distribution and ubiquitous digital reach. We also identified the strategic priorities to seize these trends. Digital technologies use discrete values, represented as binary numbers, for input,...
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...New McDonald’s chief left with tricky task By Alan Rappeport in New York When Jim Skinner took over as chief executive of McDonald’s almost eight yeas ago, the hamburger chain was in its darkest moment. The company’s chief executive, Jim Cantalupo, died of a heart attack after just 16 months in the job in April 2004. Seven months later his successor, Charlie Bell, resigned after being diagnosed with cancer, leaving the post to Mr Skinner, who was billed the “accidental CEO”. McDonald’s was also hit by negative publicity. The documentary Super Size Me was playing in cinemas, showing the world through film-maker Morgan Spurlock’s diet the dire effects of subsisting on McDonald’s. “Everything was going wrong for McDonald’s,” says Steve West, analyst at ITG Investment Research. “The restaurants were disgusting and the food was horrible. The best thing that happened to McDonald’s was Super Size Me.” McDonald’s announced on Wednesday that Mr Skinner would retire this summer, ending a 41-year career that he began as a trainee restaurant manager in Carpentersville, Illinois. The 67- year-old will be replaced by Don Thompson, who has been chief operating officer since 2010. Mr Skinner, an architect of the company’s “plan to win” strategy that has become a playbook for the fast-food industry, leaves with the reputation as a turnround artist and leaves his successor with the challenging task of maintaining the company’s momentum. Last year, McDonald’s...
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...that the Indian film makers face in reaching out to the international film business and market. It provides a historical view by detailing the journey of the cinema and how Hollywood emerged as the global leader in the film industry worldwide by the 1920’s. Although some movie industries were sustained in other regions including the United Kingdom and France, their films and offerings had restricted international appeal and audience. It also focuses on the rise and development of the Indian film industry and the entire industry as well. Bollywood films, which are made in Mumbai usually are the most famous and acknowledged amongst the Indian film industry which also includes other genres like Tollywood, which constitutes of the movies made in the state of Andhra Pradesh (and now Telangana as well) and caters to Telugu films. The Bollywood movies are generally melodramatic and musical. There are other local language films made in Tamil Nadu and West Bengal as well. Bollywood films in specific have done well in Southeast Asia and are fairly popular amongst the Indian populace. It also brings to light the challenge of whether Indian content films can rival with Hollywood in international markets and to how extensively a modification in content is required for this approach to be successful. History of the World cinema The Cinema first came into existence in France in 1894. It was Louis Lumiere who invented a device called Cinematographe, which acted like a portable single unit camera...
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...Disney and the American Princess: The Americanization of European Fairy Tales [pic] Marina Alexandrova Student number 3021874 MA Thesis, American Studies Program Utrecht University Course code 200401064 23943 words 12 August 2009 Contents Title page………………………………………………………………1 Contents……………………………………………………………….2 Introduction……………………………………………………………3 Chapter 1: European Fairy Tales and Values about Gender and Class………………………………………10 Chapter 2: Disney Animation and American Culture…………………24 Chapter 3: Disney Animation and (Gender) Commodification…………………………………………..55 Conclusion…………………………………………………………...73 Bibliography…………………………………………………………78 Introduction Among the various aspects which define contemporary life, popular culture – and in particular, American popular culture – is undoubtedly one of the most ubiquitous and long-lasting. Throughout the twentieth century, people around the world have enjoyed film, music, animation, and written works by various authors and artists. One of the most famous and significant American entertainers of the lot has been Walt Disney, introducing millions of children and adults to his world of limitless (or so is widely believed) imagination and magic, from the earliest short cartoons produced in the 1920s, to full-length feature animations such as Snow White and the Seven...
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...The cultural and economic trends of Cinema in Ireland and Wales Acknowledgements This audit of cinemas in Ireland and Wales was commissioned by Sgrîn Cymru Wales and the Arts Council. The study was financially supported by the Ireland/Wales Interreg IIIA Community Initiative Programme: ERDF 2000–2006. Throughout the study we have been fortunate to benefit from the knowledge, enthusiasm and commitment of Rhian Iolo (Exhibition Manager, Sgrîn) and Siobhan Bourke (Film Adviser, Arts Council). Additional invaluable assistance was provided by Stephanie O’Callaghan, Michelle Hoctor, Antoinette O’Neill, and the staff at both Sgrîn and the Arts Council of Ireland. This study would not have been possible without the generous contribution of time, expertise and information from the many cinema owners, managers, projection and customer services staff we met during the study. Our thanks are also due to the individuals and organisations contacted for comment and information during the research. Our sincere thanks are due to each and every one. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors. Unless specifically attributed, they do not represent the views of Sgrîn, the Arts Council, nor those of any persons or organisations who have been consulted in the course of the study. J Ron Inglis & Sue Todd April 2004 Inglis Todd Consultants is an independent arts and media consultancy operating throughout the UK and Ireland. J Ron Inglis and Sue Todd - are among the UK’s leading...
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