...Theories Taxonomy This document presents a taxonomy of selected finance theories developed in past 5 decades by academics, practitioners and scholars in the United States, Europe, Asia and Latin America. A total of 14 theories and models are synthesized in this work, organized in five tables with the same structure: Theories of capital structure; capital budgeting and cost of equity; asset valuation, financial behavior and international finances. Each table contains theories organized alphabetically with an indication of its germinal or current character. The description of the theory is accompanied by current examples of empirical research that updates or contradicts the theory and additional information about limitations, scope and opportunities of research. Finance Theories Taxonomy 3 Table 1 Finance Theories Taxonomy: Theories of capital structure Theory General description Current examples of the theory Other attributes Modigliani and Miller Germinal theory of corporate finance A review of the theory by Criticism against flaws of M& M theory Theory of investment proposed by Miller and Modigliani Miller himself, offers a new (Ball, 2001) (1958) argues that “the value of a firm view about the so called ‘junk 1. Market perfection. M&M assumed is independent of its capital structure” bonds’ which were considered information was complete and (Miller, 2001) undesirable and non-tradable symmetric, when...
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...A Portrait Patrick French is the author of India a Portrait, French is a historian and a writer who has also published Liberty or Death: India’s journey to independence and Division and The World is What it is: The Authorized biography of V.S. Naipaul. Penguin books published India A Portrait in 2011.In this novel, French gives a detailed account of the economic and political state of India starting from the Aryan era to modern India. French has divided the book into 3 parts: part 1 is Rashtra: Nation, 2nd part being Lakshmi: Wealth and the 3rd part being called Samaj: Society. In each section of the book French provides detailed explanations of the changes that the Indian society and nation had to deal with during times of major political and economical change such as the times of the Aryan, Mogul and British rule and the partition of India in 1947. This book focuses largely on the changes that Indian society had to deal with after the end of the British rule in their country and how the economic and political state of India has changed since gaining independence. The book takes you on a 435 page long journey in which the rich history of India is explored and the change of India from being a colonized country to the world’s largest democracy is witnessed. I have compared French’s book India A Portrait to his other nonfiction history novel the Biography of V.S Naipaul and to Ramanajuns novel India after Gandhi. French begins his book by describing India's...
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...blanket at bedtime. The air smells like saltwater fish and your next big catch. It tastes as salty as your favorite French fries. Barks break through the quiet as the seals splash and play in the water. A place like this reminds you of the beauty the world has to offer. 2. Negative- Wilson Cove is now just an overgrown weed. Aggressive cacti have taken over leaving the land similar to a giant field of thumbtacks. Walking to the water you are sure to feel the sharp stings and scratches an any exposed skin. The breeze feels like an ice bath. The wind slaps you in the face. The air tastes too salty. You smell the dead fish that have washed up on the rocky beach. The ominous dark blue water surrounds you...
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...another one. Today it exists many designers who have their personalized style and are distinctive from each other. Moreover, consumers are able to recognize the different styles and brands offered by these unique designers. The protection of designs varies according the countries and their legalizations, and France is considered as a country where designs are particularly well protected by law. This essay develops the various legal protections of design in France. Copyright, design rights, design patents and trademarks can protect fashion goods in France. I. Copyrights France’s system of copyright protects any “original work of the mind” because it reflects the personality and the creative mind of their author. According to the French Intellectual Property Code (IPC), any original work can be copyrighted without registration, by the unique fact of its creation. It is important to underline that copyright protects the original and creative aspects of products and not...
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...a smell, taste or a look at another thing can make them appear again. In the short story In the National Gallery written by Doris Lessing a memory of a childhood love appears in an older man’s head again. By seeing a girl, who looks like one of his further loves, he suddenly remembers how his love was. He suddenly remembers how it was to be ignored and not to be seen. The short story is a description of the man’s passion for his childhood love, which never really came out of sight and almost was killed by more than forty-eight years, until the French girl appears in the Gallery. Whether it is good that memories reappear, you have to find that out for yourself. In this quote: “My intention was simple” (line 1), it is very clear that the narrator is a 1st person narrator. The person uses her/his voice to describe what is happening at the National Gallery. The narrator acts passively through almost everything in the story, and the only situation were the narrator does more than just observe, is when the narrator talks with an older man about his first love, at the same time that the French girl sits alone on the bench. This is the only time in the short story where the narrator actually has a role in comprehension of what there will happen later. The old man gets attracted by the narrator to take action, because the narrator comments on the old man’s story and make the old man agree on what he says. When we deal with a 1st person narrator, it is almost always seen that the narrator’s...
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...company is the focus of this news article? a. Specific US company. b. In which specific country/region of the world is this company’s business the topic of the article? 2. What is the main idea of article? a. Provide a brief summary. 3. From the article, can you describe the target market? a. Provide a brief description of the target market b. What makes you think that this is the target market? 4. Please describe in detail the marketing challenge(s) faced by this US company in the international business situation that is the topic of the news article. a. Description of marketing challenges. Mc Donald’s challenge here is to offer a sandwich specifically for the people in France, a “Baguette”.The sandwich consists of a burger topped with French-made Emmental cheese and mustard. France is a difficult market because they are used to high quality products. b. What is the role for marketing in meeting these particular challenges? The role of marketing here is to offer them a Baguette in a sandwich, bread that they are fans of, research shows that 98% of French people eat bread every day. Research also showed that 65% of the two billion sandwiches sold each year are baguette based. c. Describe in detail what marketing should do/ is...
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...What is Bilingualism and how do people communicate bilingually? A critical analysis of the topic in the book “Academic Writing: Making the transition” by Steve Marshall. The book has a number of definitions for the term Bilingual. Edwards (1994), states that virtually all people were bilingual in nature. He stated that anyone who can communicate few words of another language is bilingual. This is to say that for example, if someone went on holiday to another country and could exchange a simple greeting in the foreign language, then he would be considered to be bilingual. The writer of the article states that the definition by Edwards is far from what most people consider to be bilingual because most people define bilingualism as the ability to fluently speak two languages. The problem with the Marshall’s statement is that he has not explained how he found out that most people define Bilingualism to be the ability to speak two languages fluently. He simply assumes this without giving conclusive evidence. It would have been better if he would have conducted a research or had the opinions of people on what they considered to be bilingual and would conclude based on the response by the people. Edwards’s definition is also ambiguous because the assumption that simply speaking a word of a foreign language makes one bilingual makes almost all people of the world bilingual because most people know few words of a foreign language and this would mean that everyone is bilingual...
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...“A dictatorship dependent on coercion” How far do you agree with this description of the regime established by Napoleon in 1804? Coercion is defined as the ability to “persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force and threats.” However, the opposite of ‘coercion’ is considered to be ‘persuasion’, therefore in order to determine the extent to which “a dictatorship dependent on coercion” is an accurate description of the regime established by Napoleon in 1804, the extent to which he used force to push people towards accepting his control must first be established, and his actions whilst establishing his regime must be closely analyzed. When Napoleon established his regime in 1804, he had many opponents, the majority of whom were left-wing extremists, who inherited the ideas of the Jacobins. Right-wing royalists and émigrés, who desired a return to the Bourbon monarchy, also opposed him. Moderate republicans and liberals opposed the creation of a Napoleonic dictatorship. Napoleon dealt with left-wing republicans by deporting or arresting them. This shows how coercion was key to his rule, and he also used informers to infiltrate their clubs and societies. Napoleon was intelligent and he knew that there was a fine line between persuasion and coercion; he could act coercively towards certain groups of people whilst setting up his regime and pass it off as persuasion. An example of this was when Napoleon made some minor concessions to the royalists, which shows...
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...be omitted)NameAddressTelephone Number | Month Year – Month Year | ****REMOVE TABLE LINES BEFORE PRINTING**** HONORS/AWARDS/CERTIFICATES RECEIVED AY20 - 20 or specified date | TitleBrief description | Institution granting the honor/award | AY20 - 20 or specified date | TitleBrief description | Institution granting the honor/award | AY20 - 20 or specified date | TitleBrief description | Institution granting the honor/award | Aug 23, 2012 | Commercial Cooking NCII | TESDA, valid until 2017 | ****REMOVE TABLE LINES BEFORE PRINTING**** ****ARRANGE FROM MOST RECENT TO EARLIEST**** SEMINARS/WORKSHOPS/TRAININGS ATTENDED AY20 - 20 or specified date | TitleBrief description | Institution facilitating the seminar/workshop | AY20 - 20 or specified date | TitleBrief description | Institution facilitating the seminar/workshop | AY20 - 20 or specified date | TitleBrief description | Institution facilitating the seminar/workshop | ****REMOVE TABLE LINES BEFORE PRINTING**** ****ARRANGE FROM MOST RECENT TO EARLIEST**** MEMBERSHIP IN ORGANIZATIONS AY20 - 20 or specified date | PositionBrief description of organization and tasks generally done during membership | Institution/church org/community service org | AY20 - 20 or specified date | PositionBrief description of organization...
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...Communicating across Cultural Barriers Nancy J. Adler If we seek to understand a people, we have to try to put ourselves, as far as we can, in that particular historical and cultural background. ... It is not easy for a person of one country to enter into the background of another country. So there is great irritation, because one fact that seems obvious to us is not immediately accepted by the other party or does not seem obvious to him at all. ... But that extreme irritation will go when we think ... that he is just differently conditioned and simply can't get out of that condition. One has to recognize that whatever the future may hold, countries and people differ ... in their approach to life and their ways of living and thinking. In order to understand them, we have to understand their way of life and approach. If we wish to convince them, we have to use their language as far as we can, not language in the narrow sense of the word, but the language of the mind. That is one necessity. Something that goes even much further than that is not the appeal to logic and reason, but some kind of emotional awareness of other people. ... Jawaharlal Nehru, Visit to America All international business activity involves communication. Within the international and global business environment, activities such as exchanging information and ideas, decision making, negotiating, motivating, and leading are all based on the ability of managers from one culture to communicate...
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...ABOUT THE FRENCH CULTURE. France has a great image around the world, generally speaking. But what is the French culture in reality ? To give you a view of that culture, I will first make a brief description of the country. I think that the culture is linked with the geography, the weather and the history. Then, I will talk about the behaviour of the French people to each other in their own country, and to other persons abroad. Finally I will give you my opinion about all of this and about the French stereotype. I. France as a country a. Geography and weather France has a population of approximately 58 million people and is the largest West European country. Half of the frontiers of France are coasts, the other half is in contact with other European countries. France constitutes a sort of gate between the ocean and Europe. That allows a lot of exchanges of goods and people. Because it is a large country, France has a lot of different relieves. There are mountains in the east and the south, old volcanoes in the middle, the beaches are also very different from one to another : sand, stones, cliffs…That gives different climates : rain in the north and west, hot and dry in the south and east…because of such differences between the regions, the agriculture and the typical food is very heterogeneous. b. A little bit of history Once upon the time was France very important in Europe. A lot of nobles, artists and intellectuals, like philosophers, came to the court of the...
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...User Guide Global Admission Test (for non-European) Online Application Please read all the information below carefully before starting to fill-out your online application 1 INTRODUCTION This document will explain how to complete your application and give you all the necessary information concerning the study campuses you may choose and the additional degrees you may apply for during your Master 1 Year. In addition to filling out the online application here is the list of documents you will need to upload to complete your application: Mandatory documents: - Passport or ID Card Curriculum Vitae (Resume) Official transcripts of records (stamped by your previous university) of all years of higher education detailing all courses completed so far GMAT, GRE, CAT or TAGE-MAGE Test score English Standardised Language Test score: TOEFL, IELTS or Cambridge Exam. Cover letter Optional documents: - Bachelor Degree if you hold it already Recommendation letters 2 2 IMPORTANT RULES TO KNOW FOR YOUR APPLICATION The information below is not contractual and may be subject to change In line with our slogan “European Identity, Global Perspective”, ESCP Europe offers a multitude of study locations during the two-year Master programme (Master Year 1 “M1” and Master Year 2 “M2”). Students can study in up to three different locations either on ESCP Europe’s own European campuses (available throughout the programme) or at one of our international partner...
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...Builder (AMB) Overview [pic] Accounting Methods Builder (AMB) Overview This diagram shows a hierarchy of the AMB, indicating how the components fit together. The transaction objects and the sources carry transaction information into the rules defined for each component of an entry. These components, i.e. journal line type, account derivation rule, and journal entry descriptions are grouped together as a journal line definition (JLD) for a particular event. For example, you can set up a JLD for an invoice validation event, another for payment creation, and another for payment clearing. The set of rules for a particular subledger application is called the application accounting definition (AAD). The set of AADs for multiple applications is called the subledger accounting method. You can maintain multiple accounting methods. You can set up as many components as you like and use them for different accounting methods. You can set up an accounting method that creates entries in compliance with US GAAP, and another one that complies with IFRS. These two methods could share components, such as entry descriptions, because the journal entry components are modular. The accounting methods are then assigned to each ledger, which determines the rules that are applied when accounting is being generated for...
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...from the Early Middle Ages; historians did not know much about this period, so the era was ‘in the dark.’ Nevertheless, as historians discovered documents from this time, the age was no longer ‘in the dark’ and many historians have abandoned the term, as it no longer provides a precise description of the time. However, through a semantic change, the word developed a negative connotation and its definition became ‘a time where Europeans lived without learning of innovation.’ Over time, the term’s definition further developed into to a time of ignorance and...
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...University of Phoenix Material Causes and Outcomes of the Revolution Part 1: Causes Complete the grid by describing each pre-war event and explaining how it contributed to the Revolutionary War. |Pre-war event |Description |Contribution to the Revolutionary War | |French and Indian War|The French and Indian War was a war that was fought between the British America |After the French and Indian War, England attempted to tighten and “flex” its control over| | |colonies and New France. This particular war resulted in a British victory over |the British colonies. Some of the actions and laws of the British crown angered the | | |the French, in addition to territorial changes as well. |colonist, thus, later contributing to the Revolutionary War. | |Sugar Act |In 1764 British Parliament passed the Sugar Act which reduced the tax rate on |The Sugar Act and the reactions of the colonist to the act greatly contributed to | | |molasses; and was strictly enforced. In addition, the Sugar Act also listed many|Revolutionary War. With strict enforcement of the Sugar Act and the tax, colonists were | | |other foreign goods to be taxed as well. |unable to evade...
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