...AS ENGLISH 91479: Develop an informed understanding of literature and/or using critical lens. Literature/text: Lord of the Flies Critical lens: Freudian psychoanalytical criticism Take away parents and society and you are left with mere children, who have the instinct to only pleasure oneself. This is what Sigmund Freud theorizes in his psychoanalysis. Lord-of-the-Flies by William Golding is a novel that uses Freud’s work. The Lord-of-the-Flies is a novel that depicts a microcosm of society. A plane-full of boys are stranded on a desert island, away from civilisation. Freud’s theory is that if you eliminate rules, “children are completely egoistic” – they only care about themselves. Without any parental guidance, a child relies on its instincts and this is where Freud’s theory of personalities are cleverly conveyed: id, super ego and ego. The use of Freud’s theories exceptionally allows us to have a great depth of understanding of the characters. The first part is the id. This is the “primitive impulses” of the human being. Golding used the character of ‘Lord-of-the-Flies’ to represent the id. Freud’s theory is that the id is based upon pleasing oneself.1 The Lord-of-the-Flies is the instinct that tells the boys that they do not need civilisation anymore and thus this is when savagery prevails. Golding uses Roger to represent the id. The Lord-of-the-Flies, inside Roger, turned him from a young-civilised boy to a killer, when he violently kills Piggy, as a release of his...
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...Id, ego and super-ego are the three parts of the psychic apparatus defined in Sigmund Freud's structural model of the psyche; they are the three theoretical constructs in terms of whose activity and interaction mental life is described. According to this model of the psyche, the id is the set of uncoordinated instinctual trends; the ego is the organized, realistic part; and the super-ego plays the critical and moralizing role. ID The id is the unorganized part of the personality structure that contains a human's basic, instinctual drives. The id contains the libido, which is the primary source of instinctual force that is unresponsive to the demands of reality. The id acts according to the "pleasure principle", seeking to avoid pain or displeasure aroused by increases in instinctual tension. EGO The ego comprises the organized part of the personality structure that includes defensive, perceptual, intellectual-cognitive, and executive functions. Conscious awareness resides in the ego, although not all of the operations of the ego are conscious. Originally, Freud used the word ego to mean a sense of self, but later revised it to mean a set of psychic functions such as judgment, tolerance, reality testing, control, planning, defense, synthesis of information, intellectual functioning, and memory. The ego separates out what is real. It helps us to organize our thoughts and make sense of them and the world around us."The ego is that part of the id which has been modified by...
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...our lives. Due to the fact that everyday people are faced with problems, stress, conflict and emotional pain, the mind needs to be protected against these painful feelings. As a result, “Defense Mechanisms” play an important role during these times in order to protect the mind from Stress and Anxiety by “unconsciously” denying reality and refusing it. Although Defense Mechanisms have positive side that they protect the individual against painful thoughts and experiences but using them without awareness can be destructive. “Defense Mechanisms” were researched by Sigmund Freud who’s an Austrian neurologist who became well known as “Father of Psychoanalysis”. Freud defined “Defense Mechanisms” as people’s unconscious behavior to cope with distress and anxiety; in other words they are ways that people use “unconsciously” to escape from painful experiences which they do not want to deal with or think about. Freud identified some types of “Defense Mechanisms” that can be used by a person while trying to defend himself against...
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...parts, the id, the ego, and the superego. These are the mechanisms through which self develops. The Id is the unconscious self and the source of our libidinal drive. It is what gives us hunger and appetite. The id is not socially constructed. The id is an amoral agency that is expressed in Eros and Thanatos, the life and death drives. The Id also gives us that strong emotional feeling like fear, anger and desire. It is a bundle of drives that derive at birth. The id is uncensored, not capable of waiting for gratification, quite selfish, and even violent. It can be a great source of creativity, but it needs to be controlled. Which is exactly what the ego does. The ego, Freud says is the conscious self. More broadly, the thoughts and behaviors of the self that can potentially be conscious. The ego responds to social pressures and standards such as mores, or the customs of a society. The ego is socially constructed, and as it grows in strength it gets better at impulse control, it makes us responsible, inhibits bad behavior, and plans for the future with a realistic eye for possibilities. Everyone needs a strong ego; it is what makes decisions for you. The superego is our conscience. It is like having an internalized parental representative in your head. This stage is what makes you feel guilty about having certain desires. There is a cop inside your head that is regulating your behavior. It oversees and censors the actions and thoughts of the ego. The super ego is also socially constructed;...
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...There are 3 parts to a person’s personality: the id, ego and superego. The super ego is the moderator of the id and handles the conscious. If the super ego is inadequate, then it can lead to delinquent behaviour and crime. A weak superego can lead to a lack of inhibitions while a deviant superego (identifying with a deviant model) can lead to a lack of understanding of what is right and wrong. A harsh superego can lead to a child seeking out opportunities to be punished which can include crime and delinquent behaviour. The psychoanalytical approach also says that defence mechanism can lead a person to commit crimes, for example: Denial can make a person so ignore the acts they are committing or neglect to accept the severity of them. Displacement is when a person takes their anger and frustration out on something or someone else than the person/thing that is making them feel like that which can mean attacking a stranger on the street. This theory also says that maternal deprivation can be linked to criminal behaviour as a lack of maternal affection can cause affectionless psychopathy which investigated in a study by Bowlby. He tested 44 juvenile delinquents for affectionless psychopathy. He found 14 cases of it within the delinquents, he then asked the families of said juveniles to see if there was a separation from the mother for an extended period of time. Out of the 14, 12 had spent long periods of time apart from the mother. This suggests that maternal deprivation can be the...
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...The short story “Harrison Bergeron” is about a dystopian society in the year 2084. The short story revolves around the lives of George Bergeron, his wife Hazel Bergeron, and their rebellious son, Harrison Bergeron. There are many literary lenses that one can use to interpret this short story, one in particular is the psychoanalytic lens. By reading a story through a psychoanalytic lens, a person uses the work of Sigmund Freud’s theories of psychology to interpret the text they are reading. Through the psychoanalytic lens, the reader is able to compare the characters of Harrison Bergeron to parts of a person’s personality, for example, Harrison Bergeron can be compared to the Id, George can be compared to the ego, and the Handicapper general can be compared to the Superego. The Id runs on the pleasure principle whose goal is to increase pleasure and decrease pain, like the Id, Harrison’s goal is to break free of the handicaps that he is forced to wear in order to increase the quality of his life. The Id is the basic storehouse for human’s basic needs and drives. Harrison contains such an incredibly strong drive that it causes him to make irrational decisions. One can say that Harrison even suffers from cathexis because of his obsession with rebellion. Similar to the Id, Harrison does not learn from its mistakes. When Harrison...
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...Tucker Heirakuji English 11 LOTF Essay: Id, Ego, and Superego Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory of personality applied to: The Lord of the Flies "One might compare the relation of the ego to the id with that between a rider and his horse. The horse provides the locomotor energy, and the rider has the prerogative of determining the goal and of guiding the movements of his powerful mount towards it. But all too often in the relations between the ego and the id we find a picture of the less ideal situation in which the rider is obliged to guide his horse in the direction in which it itself wants to go." -Sigmund Freud. There are three Freudian components of personality, the Id, Ego, and Super ego. The Id resides completely at the unconscious level, and is usually applied by the “pleasure principle”, which is basically the want to do something for instant gratification. The superego resides in the preconscious. It is the moralist and idealistic part of the personality and brain. This part operates on the “ideal principle”, which begins around the age of four to five. The ideal principle covers how people are raised, and whether environment or attention effects our development. Basically, the superego is what tells you right from wrong. Lastly, is the ego. Ego resides in all levels of awareness (conscious, subconscious, and preconscious), and operates under the “Reality Principle”, which is the ego's control of the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet...
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...her career change (or lack thereof), but other sudden changes like her divorce that resulted in a new lifestyle that Melissa does not necessarily want to shift for the time being. It felt as if the foundation of all her other goals was the desire to better understand herself and her decisions through her interactions in the therapeutic relationship. Because the ego plays an important role in organizes and integrating the experiences in life, it was helpful to use the theory about ego psychology in understanding Melissa. A large portion of the therapy session revolved around the issue of judgement on Melissa’s part. She questioned what was considered appropriate behavior for her current situation. In addition to that, she had to consider the consequences that would follow her decision and action. Beneath these issues, Melissa is processing the emotions that drive these conflicts and that may develop following her actions. Ego psychology highlights the various functions of the ego plays in terms of regulating the intrapsychic conflicts within one’s mind (Schamess, & Shilkret, 2011). The main functions of Melissa’s ego, as seen in both her interaction with Dr. Watchel and the recollection of her experience, are forming judgments, modulating affects, and regulating her self-esteem. These functions are highlighted by the adaptive defense mechanisms that her unconscious mind utilizes to protect her against interpersonal and societal norm conflicts (Schamess, & Shilkret, 2011), which...
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...The research register for this journal is available at http://www.mcbup.com/research_registers The current issue and full text archive of this journal is available at http://www.emerald-library.com/ft Journal of Managerial Psychology 16,7 534 Received September 2000 Revised May 2001 Accepted May 2001 Resistance to organisational change: the role of defence mechanisms Wayne H. Bovey Bovey Management (Certified Consultants), Queensland, Australia Andrew Hede University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia Keywords Organizational change, Resistance, Defence, Humour Abstract Observes that the published literature on resistance to organisational change has focused more on organisational issues rather than individual psychological factors. The present study investigated the role of both adaptive and maladaptive defence mechanisms in individual resistance. Surveys were conducted in nine organisations undergoing major change and responses were obtained from 615 employees. The results indicate that five maladaptive defence mechanisms are positively correlated with behavioural intention to resist change, namely, projection, acting out, isolation of affect, dissociation and denial. The adaptive defence mechanism of humour was found to be negatively correlated with resistance intention. Identifies two intervention strategies which can be used by management to address the effects of defence mechanisms on resistance during periods of change in organisations. Journal...
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...My ego was a need that I have for security/fluidity (desire to be many different things), my alter ego would be something that is artificial and fixed, a clear idea that I want to be but am not. This alter ego can be imagined through a person in front of their boudoir spraying perfume. The sensuality behind this scene, the brief moments of entrancement as the perfume is released. Despite their stressors and insecurities, one feels sexy in that moment. “Making faces in the mirror” Geometric shapes=fixed 3 notes = rules There are different elements, but the thing is these differences are set. Build on to the ego a feeling= simplicity Well made blue suit wow (Merriam Webster definition of alter ego) : a second self: as a : a trusted friend b : the opposite side of a personality c : counterpart 3 * ------------------------------------------------- Top Notes: The top notes of a perfume form your first impression of a fragrance. They are immediate and what you notice before anything else. Chemically speaking, top notes are small, light molecules of fragrance that evaporate quickly so they will be the first to fade. Top notes normally fade within 10-15 minutes of applying fragrance to your skin. * ------------------------------------------------- Middle Notes: The middle notes of a perfume emerge right before the top notes fade away into oblivion. These are the “heart” of the fragrance and are sometimes called heart notes. The middle notes...
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...I believe in the theory of Urie Bronfenbrenner which is that human development is influenced by different ecological systems. In his theory he stated that there are five systems that affect us in the things we do. These are the micro system, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem and chronosystem. When we have a fight with our parents or our significant loved ones, this could drastically change the way we handle things and we can easily be angered by situations because we have problems going on at home. Another example would be if a child’s parents get divorced in his/her early age, this may affect the way she is growing up. I have heard news that teens that prefers much older people (for sexual partner) tends to have a background of a divorced family. With that, I do believe the every event, circumstance, situation; upbringing etc. which we have experienced affects the perspective of how we mature as a person and how we handle certain situations. For Kohlberg’s theory, I do believe it too. We follow rules because we are scared of what the punishment will be, as a child we often tend to follow the orders of our mother because we are afraid of the spanking or taking our toys away. But as an adult, we still need to follow the rules that was given to us by someone who has a higher position; like the government they have a billboard that says “wag tumawid dito, nakamamatay” if we disregard the rule we might receive an offense or it might result to death. In Giligan’s theory, I do...
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...Unlike a lot of philosophers and theologians who claim that the source of God is moral awareness, Freud believed that we get our sense of morality from ourselves, most notably from the way in which we are brought up and the pressures that are influenced upon us by society. He believed that our minds our made up of three different parts, the id, the superego and the ego. The id is the part of our brain and consciousness that acts on impulse, and is responsible for some of the more rash and animalistic decisions that we make. The superego is the part of our subconscious that has been shaped by society to fit humanities morals that have evolved over the years in order to be best suited to our ultimate survival. The ego is the part of our brain that has developed in order to mediate decisions between our animalistic id and our superego that ensures we make the right decisions based on ‘morality’. Freud believed that a lot of our personal ideas of morality and subconscious believes stems from childhood trauma, which can be discovered and cured through therapy. Most of what we know about Freud’s views on moral awareness comes from his two books Beyond the pleasure principle, and The ego and the id, written in 1920 and 1923 respectively. The id is the most primitive and old part of our brain, that is responsible for the animalistic and impulsive nature that humans sometimes display. In a situation where one has to make a sub conscious split second decision, the id is the area of the...
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...Opinion Piece-The Nicki Minaj vs. Mitt Romney Controversy By Faith Choi, Jour. 1160 Nicki Minaj’s statement about her voting for Mitt Romney, in her new song with L’il Wayne, was a lyric of pure sarcasm. Minaj, who is originally from Trinidad, is known for her strange clothing, fast raps, and alter egos. The song called “Mercy” from the album “Dedication 4 Mixtape” was released on September 3, 2012. Since then, it has gained popularity for being very explicit, vulgar, and hopelessly controversial. The lyric that caused so much controversy lies in the second verse of the song where Minaj states: “I’m a Republican voting for Mitt Romney.” Now, just by listening to the first half of the sentence, people will go straight to their computer and tweet something nasty about how Nicki Minaj has “betrayed us all” or how “she’s lost the respect of America.” For those who stayed to listen before unleashing their thoughts onto the Internet, the full sentence actually goes, “I’m a Republican voting for Mitt Romney/You lazy b*tches is f*cking up the economy.” Nevertheless, a full-fledged Internet storm was inevitable as most of the listeners would’ve been the ones in the first scenario: running to display their opinions without thinking anything through. “Even political pundits entered the fray,” writes Daniel Dale of Toronto Star. Dale quoted Sean Trende, RealClearPolitics senior elections analyst, when he said, “There is about a 0.00000001 percent chance Nikki [sic] Minaj was not mocking...
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...Paul Thomas Anderson’s latest film The Master, set in 1950, examines dueling forces of the human psyche. The three main characters can be viewed metaphorically in terms of Freud’s id, ego and super ego. Anderson’s new film is a beautiful character study examining the inner workings of human psychology. Freddy Quell is an immature, alcoholic, hypersexual, violent WWII veteran, possesses no self-control, impulsively chasing his cravings His behavior exactly fits of Freud’s id. His primitive qualities resound further in his hunched posture, which resembles an earlier stage of Human evolution. Lancaster Dodd, a writer, scientist and philosopher and founder and self appointed ‘Master’ of The Cause, a cult seeking to raise humans to a state of perfection. Lancaster facilitates this progression through a process of hypnosis which allows individuals to access distant memories of past lives stretching back trillions of years through time holes, providing a deeper, purer sense of self; Lancaster even claims these applications can cure certain types of leukemia. After losing a series of jobs and on the run from a group of farmers, Freddy, in a drunken stupor stumbles unnoticed aboard a docked ship, occupied by Lancaster Dodd and his entourage, just prior to casting off for sea. Freddy awakes unaware of his surroundings and unable to recall the events of the previous night. Hung over, he meets with Lancaster, who is more curious than upset about Freddy’s aggressive, disruptive, uninvited...
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...sleepovers with boys and always being surrounded by children. This became the turning point in his life that forever changed the way the public viewed him. He was accused of child molestation. After being accused he endured a long trial but charges were dropped after a monetary compensation was made. Not only did the public see him as a pedophile but was viewed as weird and crazy. He had three children through artificial insemination, and ultimately died of an overdose. Freud’s psychoanalytic approach consists of three structures in the mind, the id, ego, and superego. Psychosexual stages lie within these structures. Like any other animal, we are born with desires, instincts and motivations. The Id is referred to as the undifferentiated core of personality. It operates as the pleasure principle, which strives to satisfy it’s desire, motivations, instincts, or impulses. Therefore, reducing tension within oneself. For example, Freud would say that Michael Jackson has a strong Id in which all his desires lay with being a child again. He wants to experience all the...
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