...Tucker Heirakuji English 11 LOTF Essay: Id, Ego, and Superego Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory of personality applied to: The Lord of the Flies "One might compare the relation of the ego to the id with that between a rider and his horse. The horse provides the locomotor energy, and the rider has the prerogative of determining the goal and of guiding the movements of his powerful mount towards it. But all too often in the relations between the ego and the id we find a picture of the less ideal situation in which the rider is obliged to guide his horse in the direction in which it itself wants to go." -Sigmund Freud. There are three Freudian components of personality, the Id, Ego, and Super ego. The Id resides completely at the unconscious level, and is usually applied by the “pleasure principle”, which is basically the want to do something for instant gratification. The superego resides in the preconscious. It is the moralist and idealistic part of the personality and brain. This part operates on the “ideal principle”, which begins around the age of four to five. The ideal principle covers how people are raised, and whether environment or attention effects our development. Basically, the superego is what tells you right from wrong. Lastly, is the ego. Ego resides in all levels of awareness (conscious, subconscious, and preconscious), and operates under the “Reality Principle”, which is the ego's control of the pleasure-seeking activity of the id in order to meet...
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...Sigmund Freud explored the human mind more thoroughly than any other who became before him. His contributions to psychology are vast. Freud was one of the most influential people of the twentieth century and his enduring legacy has influenced not only psychology, but art, literature and even the way people bring up their children. Freud’s lexicon has become embedded within the vocabulary of western society. Words he introduced through his theories are now used by everyday people, such as anal (personality), libido, denial, repression, cathartic, Freudian slip, and neurotic. Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating a mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. Psychoanalysis is often known as the talking cure. Typically Freud would encourage his patient to talk freely (on his famous couch) regarding their symptoms and to describe exactly what was in their mind. The Case of Anna O The case of Anna O (real name Bertha Pappenheim) marked a turning point in the career of a young Viennese neuropathologist by the name of Sigmund Freud. It even went on to influence the future direction of psychology as a whole. Anna suffered from hysteria, a condition in which the patient exhibits physical symptoms (e.g. paralysis, convulsions, hallucinations, loss of speech) without apparent physical cause. Her doctor Josef Breuer succeeded in treating Anna by helping her to recall forgotten memories of traumatic events. Breuer discussed the...
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...Freud also used the Hypnosis method. Freud worked with Charcot in France in 1885, he was influenced by the therapeutic potentiality of hypnosis, extending neurotic disorders - freudpage.info. Hypnosis is the condition of human consciousness, which includes a lowered peripheral awareness, a central point of attention and an increased amount that can be contained in a response. This is important to understand because at some time during the duration of the hypnosis, humans are said to have an increased focus and concentration. Also theories explain that the hypnosis split into two groups altered state theory and non-state theory. Altered state theory shows the hypnosis as an alteration of a state of mind, noticed as the level of awareness compared...
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...It is imperative that every good counselor obtains a theory as a primary basis for therapy and there are many reasons why. A good theory signifies terms and conditions when coping with clients. For example, therapists who treat behavior might use cognitive or behavioral therapy as a way towards treating a client. Other therapists who focus on past behavior might use Freud as a means for relaying or treating past experiences (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007). Those wanting to treat clients in a holistic or unique approach may be disposed to using yunginns theories as a method for therapy (Hergenhahn & Olson, 2007). Without a good source for treatment many therapists would be lost in terms of how to handle a client. Theories are also based on...
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...Introduction to Personality Lori McClaskey December 2, 2013 PSY/405 University of Phoenix Stephen Brown In this paper I will examine personality theory, I will define personality and take a look at the theoretical approaches used to study personality. I will look at the factors of development in one’s personality and provide some input from my own life experiences. Defining Personality I was thinking of ways to define personality in my own words, so I thought I would compare what our test says against what common people thought it meant. I work in a 90 bed facility and I asked several nurses and other co-workers how they would define personality. Some of the nurses and co-workers started naming characteristics such as cheerful, nice, bubbly, moody, etc. I started thinking if the characteristics of personality it what people remember about a person then what causes people to have such characteristics? Defining personality, theorist have not come up with one agreeable definition but have many theories of what personality is. They agree that personality is a pattern of relatively permanent traits and unique characteristics that give both consistency and individuality to a person’s behavior. People have traits this is a consistent pattern of behavior over a period time. Traits can be individual or a group can also possess traits that are the same of similar (Feist & Feist, 2009). As I mentioned earlier when talking to my co-workers people have characteristics...
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...evaluate psychological explanations of depression: at least two Psychodynamic theories: * Outline : * Fixation at the oral stage (over or under gratification at the oral stage) results in dependency on caregiver and on other people. The dependant personality makes the constantly seek love and approval of others. * if the needs are not met the anger turns inwards ( later in life events like death, relationship break-up, job loss results in regression to the oral stage) results in depression. * Freud explained how, when a loved one is lost there is first a mourning period and then, after a while, life returns to normal. For some people however, the mourning period never seems to come to an end, they continue to exist in a state of permanent melancholia (depression). * Bibring psychodynamic theory states that depression is due to poor parenting. The child develops low self-esteem in contrast to the ideal self because the parents expect perfection on the child and can be critical. Evaluation: * This theory shows that early childhood experiences can affect vulnerability to depression, in later life the effects of early childhood experiences is supported by bowlby where the child attachment whether secure or insecure can affect later life relationship. * Freud’s theory is a good theory and is linked to the theory of Bowlby, insecure parent attachment. * Freud’s theory lacks falsifiability, because it cannot be operationalized and is based on the unconsciousness...
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...“Evaluate the extent to which Freud’s theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client’s presenting issue” In this essay I am asked to evaluate one aspect of Freudian theory. I will begin by first describing Freud’s psychosexual theory and demonstrate an understanding of its relationship to adult neurotic behavior. Having done this I will examine some of the criticisms that have been levelled at Freudian theory in order to evaluate it. In 1905 Freud published ‘Three Essays on the theory of Sexuality and other Works’, one of these essays was titled ‘Infantile Sexuality’. In this essay Freud sets out his theory of psychosexual development. He asserts that there is in all humans an innate drive (or instinct>another theory to be debated) for pleasure, a sort of psychic energy, which he calls the libido and this energy needs to be discharged. He then goes on to describe how this drive finds outlet at the earliest stages in life, as babies, toddlers and infants and describes the oral, anal and phallic stages and the psychological effects of fixation at these stages. It is important to note that Freud separated sexual aims and objectives. What Freud meant by sexual in his own writing in German, was ‘life force’ or ‘emotional energy’ (Bettelheim 1983). While this concept has a sexual aspect to it, it is unfortunate that the English translation focuses mainly on this aspect. His work on sexuality and perversions led to the wider theory of sexuality whereby he differentiated...
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...are many developmental theories that are analyzed and compared to one another so we can grasp the different ideas that explain our development. There are five major theories that emphasize the development of mankind. These theories are the psychoanalytic theories of Freud and Erikson; the behaviorist theories of Pavlov and Skinner and the social learning theory of bandura; Piaget’s cognitive theory; Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory; and Bronfenbrenner’s biological context theory. Even though all of these theories are different and distinct from each other, they all provide a handout to the topic of development. When we look at development there are many theorist that stand by the discontinuous change, which means that our development occurs in distinct steps or stages. The men that fall under this category is Freud, Erikson, and Piaget. Freud’s psychosexual theory focuses on five different stages, in which pleasure, or gratification is focused on a particular biological function and body part. In Erickson’s psychosocial theory, he explains how society and culture both challenge and shapes us. He also breaks down development in age groups to create the different stages there is to follow when we rely and interact with society. The last stage theorist is Piaget, which brings the idea of the cognitive development. He suggests that human thinking is arranged into schemes, organized mental patterns that represent behavior actions. So these are stage theories that are represented in...
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...Personality Theory Course : Organizational Behaviour Course Code: MBA507 Section: 1 Submitted To: Dr. Nasreen Wadud Adjunct Faculty, Business Administration Department East West University Submitted By: Md. Faysal Ahmed ID: 2013-1-95-110 Mahmudul Hasan ID: 2013-1-95-031 Niaj Mahmud ID: 2013-1-95-055 Md. Samiul Islam Chowdhury ID: 2013-1-95-076 Submission Date: 24.08.2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS Front Matter 2-5 Preface 2 Learning Objectives 3 Scope of the Project 3 Methodology 4 Limitations 5 I. Introduction 6-12 Introduction to Personality Theory 6 What is a Theory 7 Why Different theories 11 II. Theories of Personality 12-116 Psychoanalytic Theory 12-25 Humanistic Theory 25-43 Trait and Factor Theories- Big Five Factors 43-57 Biological and Genetic Theories 58-62 Social Cognitive Theory 62-87 Holistic-Dynamic Theory 88-116 III. Conclusion 116-117 Final Thoughts 116 Summary ...
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...personality and factors that may influence an individual’s personality development. Defining Personality Personality originated from the Latin word persona. In some way personality is the combination of characteristics or qualities that form an individual's distinctive character. In other words it is what makes up an individual. There are many theories of personality, a short version is that personality is more or less made up of different types of characteristic patterns some are thoughts, feelings, and behavior an individual might have. Personality may be a believed to be something that is born with a person, but some research suggest that it is also influenced by different types of biological process and needs that an individual might have. Theoretical approaches There are numerous amounts of different theories on personality and how it comes to be, but first to understand a theory one might ask what a theory is? “A scientific theory is a set of related assumptions that allows scientists to use logical deductive reasoning to formulate testable hypotheses.”(Feist,2009) A theory of personality is biological theory. This theory suggests that genetics are responsible a hundred percent for personality. Research also suggests that there is a link between genetics. A biological theorist who was known for this type...
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...explain the process shifting tectonic plates that cause Tsunamis. So my knowledge about this grounded in my acceptance of the claims from trustable authorities and therefore my “knowing is shaped by what I accept to believe as true.Epistemology questions “frames of reference” and basically asks the question…”what informs this?” Often our Religious beliefs and our claim to “know” is challenged by “modern thinkers” who question – is it true because “someone” says it is…? | | | | Theory | Theory is a supposition or a system of ideas intended to explain something, especially one based on general principles that can be used to investigate other/ different phenomenon in society. Theories exist because of documented experiences and research and it presents a concept or idea that is both applicable and testable in varying contexts. | Example : Sigmund Freud’s theory on Personality Development believes that the personality is made up of three components, the ID, Ego and Superego.Although his theory has been challenged (on the basis of what informed it) he has provided an explanation for Human development and behaviour enough to...
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...Perspectives Life Span & Introduction to Sociology PSYC-2314-S03 In class we have been discussing the analogy of perspectives. A perspective is a way of seeing, also thought of as a ‘point of view’. This mental view or outlook can both enhance and constrain how we view the world in our own eyes. In the field of psychology and sociology there are many ways to perceive our world in which we live. No one perspective alone can define the world. Each perspective has its own distinctive strengths and blind spots. In class we have discussed different theories and analogies to better understand the complexity of perspectives. Perspectives will both facilitate and constrain perception. A good example of this statement is the Burke Theorem. The Burke Theorem states that “A way of seeing is also a way of not seeing- a focus upon object A involves a neglect of object B”. My understanding of this theory is that if you only focus on one perspective for viewing, you end up neglecting other perspectives, which doesn’t allow you to fully see reality as you could from looking with more than one perspective. An example given in class was how each student viewed the same exact water bottle. Students sitting on different sides or directly in front of the water bottle will have different views. Students sitting in rows towards the left and right sides of the classroom saw the sides of the bottle, while students sitting directly in front saw the front of the bottle. And on the other hand...
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...became before him. Words he introduced through his theories are now used by everyday people, such as anal (personality), libido, denial, repression, cathartic, Freudian slip, and neurotic. Freud was the founding father of psychoanalysis, a method for treating mental illness and also a theory which explains human behavior. Psychoanalysis is often known as the talking cure. Freud would encourage his patients to talk freely regarding their symptoms and to describe exactly what was on their mind. The case of Anna O marked a turning point in the career of Sigmund Freud. It even went on to influence the future direction of psychology as a whole. Anna suffered from hysteria, a condition in which the patient exhibits physical symptoms (e.g. paralysis, convulsions, hallucinations, loss of speech) without an apparent physical cause. Her doctor Josef Breuer succeeded in treating Anna by helping her to recall forgotten memories of traumatic events. Breuer discussed the case with his friend Freud. Out of these discussions came the germ of an idea that Freud was to pursue for the rest of his life. In Studies in Hysteria (1895) Freud proposed that physical symptoms are often the surface manifestations of deeply repressed conflicts. However Freud was not just advancing an explanation of a particular illness. He was proposing a revolutionary new theory of the human psyche itself. This theory emerged slowly as a result of Freud’s clinical investigations and it led him to propose that...
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...coarsely they are distinguished? This summary discusses three accounts that can help us understand the roles of explanation and interpretation in studying or dealing with human subjects and these are the exclusivism account, the inclusive account, and the interactionism account. The exclusive account/position holds that interpretation and explanation exclude one another. The inclusive position maintains that explanation is and must be subordinated to interpretation. Inclusivists hold that the enterprise of interpretation always encapsulates explanatory pursuits. The interactionism account, proposes that interpretation and explanation inform each other. Novel interpretations employ the categories of theories already in place, whereas novel explanations depend upon the discovery of new theories which, in turn, depends upon the sort of reorganization of knowledge that interpretative pursuits involve. On the interactive view these two processes complement one another. The Exclusivism Account Exclusivism takes two forms, one emphasizing the centrality of explanation, the other the centrality of interpretation. The first group of exclusivists, consisting of behavioral psychologists, sociologists, and others, holds that the only methods for systematic inquiry are the methods of the natural sciences. The second, which focuses on interpretation exclusively holds that all inquiry is ultimately interpretive. For the first group explanation excludes interpretation because human thought and...
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...“Evaluate the extent to which Freud's theory of psychosexual development can help us to understand a client's presenting issue.” The main aim of this essay is to demonstrate an understanding of Freud’s theory of psychosexual development and how this theory may help us to explain and identify adult neurotic behaviour. I shall be evaluating the pros and cons of psychosexual theory and the extent to which it helps us to understand a client’s presenting issue. I shall also define and consider the relationship between the Id, Ego and Superego and the way in which these constructs of our psyche are in many ways representative of earlier experiences and of those early situations and conflicts we had faced. Lastly, I will examine some of the criticisms that have been leveled at Freudian theory in order to evaluate it. In Freudian psychology, psychosexual development is a central element of the psychoanalytic sexual drive theory; that human beings, from birth, possess an instinctual libido (sexual energy), that develops in five stages. Each stage – the oral, the anal, the phallic, the latent, and the genital – is characterized by the erogenous zone that is the source of the libidinal drive. Sigmund Freud proposed that if the child experienced sexual frustration in relation to any psychosexual developmental stage, s/he would experience anxiety that would persist into adulthood as a neurosis, a functional mental disorder Freud (1905) stressed that the first five years of life are...
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