...limited head movement. The stubby trunk forms walls for a single body cavity, the coelom (Anatomy of the Frog). All the frog's internal organs--including the heart, the lungs, and all organs of digestion--are held in this single hollow space (Anatomy of the Frog). The Skeleton and Muscles The frog's body is supported and protected by a bony framework called the skeleton. The skull is flat, except for an expanded area that encases the small brain. Only nine vertebrae make up the frog's backbone, or vertebral column. The human backbone has 24 vertebrae. The frog has no ribs (Anatomy of the Frog). The frog does not have a tail. Only a spike like bone, the urostyle, remains as evidence that primitive frogs probably had tails. The urostyle, or "tail pillar," is a downward extension of the vertebral column (Anatomy of the Frog). The shoulders and front legs of the frog are somewhat similar to man's shoulders and arms. The frog has one "forearm" bone, the radio-ulna. Man has two forearm bones, the radius and the ulna. Both frog and man have one "upper arm" bone, the humerus (Anatomy of the Frog). The hind legs of the frog are highly specialized for leaping. The single "shinbone" is the tibiofibula. Man has two lower leg bones, the tibia and the fibula. In man and in the frog, the femur is the single upper leg (thigh) bone. A third division of the frog's leg consists of two elongated anklebones, or tarsals. These are the astragalus and the calcaneus. The astragalus corresponds...
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...Animal Diversity Time Requirements: Exercise 1: 15 mins. Exercise 2: 15 mins. Exercise 3: 30 mins. Exercise 4: 10 mins. Exercise 5: 15 mins. Exercise 6: 20 mins. Exercise 7: 30 mins. Exercise 8: 10 mins. Exercise 9: 30 mins. Materials Required: ITEM NUMBER (per group) LOCATION Any living or preserved plant *specimens (listed below) Display Cart/Counter Microscopes (compound and dissecting) Display Counter Colored pencils 1 set Cart/Counter *Specimens: Preserved or Living Prepared Slides Grantia Grantia choanocytes Hydra Planaria Tapeworm Clam Termite Brittle star Crayfish Earthworm Frog Mammal skulls Sand dollar Sea cucmber Sea star Lab Safety: Wear safety goggles/glasses and gloves while handing specimens (it is preferred that specimens remain in the appropriate containers untouched). Lab coats or aprons may be available upon request. Demonstrations/Tutorials: To display each life cycle with specimens and slides, see the following display suggestions – Clean up and Disposal of Waste 1. Return any materials to original locations. 2. Try to preserve any living specimens for future labs. Lab Alternatives – Computer Based p. 113 Exercise 1 – Phylum Porifera – Sponges Given that all sponges are filter feeders, why does it follow that all sponges are aquatic? Filter feeding is the filtering of nutrients and plankton suspended in water therefore for sponges to feed effectively they must be aquatic ...
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...INSTRUCTOR GUIDE Human Anatomy & Physiology Laboratory Manual MAIN VERSION, Eighth Edition Update CAT VERSION, Ninth Edition Update FETAL PIG VERSION, Ninth Edition Update ELAINE N. MARIEB, R.N., Ph.D Holyoke Community College SUSAN T. BAXLEY, M.A. Troy University, Montgomery Campus NANCY G. KINCAID, Ph.D Troy University, Montgomery Campus PhysioEx™ Exercises authored by Peter Z. Zao, North Idaho College Timothy Stabler, Indiana University Northwest Lori Smith, American River College Greta Peterson, Middlesex Community College Andrew Lokuta, University of Wisconsin—Madison San Francisco • Boston • New York Cape Town • Hong Kong • London • Madrid • Mexico City Montreal • Munich • Paris • Singapore • Sydney • Tokyo • Toronto Editor-in-Chief: Serina Beauparlant Project Editor: Sabrina Larson PhysioEx Project Editor: Erik Fortier Editorial Assistant: Nicole Graziano Managing Editor: Wendy Earl Production Editor: Leslie Austin Composition: Cecelia G. Morales Cover Design: Riezebos Holzbaur Design Group Senior Manufacturing Buyer: Stacey Weinberger Marketing Manager: Gordon Lee Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings, 1301 Sansome St., San Francisco, CA 94111. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by any means...
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