...Brain Function Brain Structures and Functions Work Sheet Christine Bedgood PSY/340 6/3/2013 Jill Bean 1-Basal ganglia- The basal ganglia form a set of interconnected nuclei in the forebrain. The basal ganglia receive a large amount of input from cerebral cortex, and after processing, send it back to cerebral cortex via thalamus. Scientist believe this Basal ganglia is involved with the function of learning. (Pinel, 2009) 2. Corpus collosum- The corpus callosum is a thick band of nerve fibers that divides the cerebrum into left and right hemispheres. (Pinel, 2009)It connects the left and right sides of the brain allowing for communication between both hemispheres. The corpus callosum transfers motor, sensory, and cognitive information between the brain hemispheres. (Pinel, 2009) The corpus callosum is involved in several functions of the body including: Communication between Brain Hemispheres, Eye Movement, Maintaining the Balance of Arousal and Attention, Tactile Localization. 3. Temporal lobe - The temporal lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. Structures of the limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the temporal lobes. (Pinel, 2009) The temporal lobes play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory perception, language and speech production, as well as memory association and formation....
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...Barnett EDU-213 Brain Function Table Component | Definition | Role in Learning and Development | Neurons | “A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Neurons are similar to other cells in the human body in a number of ways, but there is one key difference between neurons and other cells. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body” (Cherry, 2014) | Neurons receive and process new information. “Using selective stimulation, the researchers were able to show that these neo-neurons increase the ability to learn and memorize difficult cognitive tasks” (Role of neo-neurons in learning, memory revealed | KurzweilAI, 2012). | Neurotransmitters | “A substance (as norepinephrine or acetylcholine) that transmits nerve impulses across a synapse” (Neurotransmitter, n.d.). | Neurotransmitters are critical in learning and memory. Neurotransmitters are important for “memory, learning, and behavior among other things” (Lahey & Rosen, n.d.). | Axon | “A usually long and single nerve-cell process that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body” (Axon, n.d.). | “Axons help neurons travel during development” (Sukel, 2015). Basically axons help neurons get to the place in the brain where development can take place. | Myelin sheath | 1. “A layer of myelin surrounding the axons of some neurons —called also medullary sheath” (Myelin sheath, n.d.). | The sheath helps with communication to the brain. “It also helps...
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...Phineas Gage Paper The Brain an amazing structure it is designed to multitask on a continual basis. The human brain weighting three pounds, and having the ability to give life as well as learn and move throughout life is amazing. Each part of the brain controls specific actions. Understanding, and recognize where the actions are coming from will give understanding on how the human mind works and understanding how we learn. ( WEBSITE) Cognitive Brain functions Cognitive functions can consist of problem solving, speaking, and learning as well as retaining memory and expressing and feeling emotions. Cognitive functions originate in the part of the brain called cerebrum also known as the cerebral cortex this takes up majority of the brains mass. The cerebral cortex is made up of four lobes which consist of frontal lobe, temporal lobe, parietal lobe, and the occipital lobe. Each lobe has a task and serves a cognitive function to the brain. Some task such as speaking and learning require coordinated processing from multiple areas of the cerebrum (Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5386858_normal-brain-functions.html). Frontal lobe This lobe can be found in the front of the brain, and this is the center for emotions and personality. Motor speech and behavior and critical thinking are centered in the frontal lobe. Problem solving, reasoning, planning, memory, language, judgment control of impulses, and social and sexual behavior as well are managed by frontal lobe (Retrieved...
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...Brain Function Table Component | Definition | Role in Learning and Development | Neurons | A neuron is known as an excitable cell that can process and transmit information through electrical and chemical signals. Neurons are the core components of the nervous system, which includes the brain, spinal cord and nervous system. | Neurons begin developing in the early stages, like when a child is in the womb. Language and early stimulation is also tied in how children will interact. Interactions on a daily basis can stimulate a child’s brain. | Neurotransmitters | These are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another neuron. Most neurotransmitters are about the size of larger proteins or peptides. | A neurotransmitter plays a part in learning and in memory. So for classwork, it is important for a student to have this In their brain to function properly. | Axon | This is a nerve fibre, it is a long slender projection of a nerve cell. This conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron’s cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons. | A axon is a nerve receiver, in this case it can transmit information. So it can transmit information to other parts of the brain for the child to learn properly. | Myelin sheath | This is a material that forms a layer usually around the axon of a neuron. It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system. It is an outgrowth of a type of glial...
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...Material Structure and Functions of the Brain Word Search Highlight your answers in the word search below. X B L A L M D D W F L S C T P S N I O A E U G O A F P U W I R U S V A J W G O M T Z V F K D R A I T E P U E O V V H C Y R T G P B M H H Y E H M R H C P V O C G O Y C J C O R P U S C A L L O S U M I D C V T E T S U G V E N C Y P T M F A P A Y F K G R U U L H O N O R E Z H S O I L R Y V Z G E Q M I N W P M D Y H V T T A O U W X D X B T A P N P C Y G E R P A P S F K V D C A R D L O I F D B I J D L K N H E X S I E U A R A H T O F Y V T L L E C G Y C M M R A L B H L F Y H G V O N S N U O S Q A L E A C L T I I S V M B C O K S H Y Q L T C B A O J O I C Z E E W T S W E B O L L A T E I R A P V N R H F A B A O B Q M Z N Z I L J T N Y E C J T M H G E P A X O G E U L L N E B H E W D O U M O T O R C O R T E X U R X L T L H S W A I T F N I T V P J S U M A L A H T J B Z G R M T B F C G S M C F X A S D B Clues: 1. The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. AMYGDALA 2. The portion of the brain involved in intricate cognitive functioning. CEREBELLUM 3. A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. HIPPOCAMPUS 4. A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. ________________ 5. An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing, and performing motor functions. ________________ ...
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... T S W E B O L L A T E I R A P V N R H F A B A O B Q M Z N Z I L J T N Y E C J T M H G E P A X O G E U L L N E B H E W D O U M O T O R C O R T E X U R X L T L H S W A I T F N I T V P J S U M A L A H T J B Z G R M T B F C G S M C F X A S D B Clues: 1. The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. ________________ 2. The portion of the brain involved in intricate cognitive functioning. ___________________ 3. A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. ________________ 4. A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. ________________ 5. An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing, and performing motor functions. ________________ 6. A part of the brain located in the back of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for processing visual information. ________________ 7. The part of the brain that is highly involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary hormone production and is also responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response. ________________ 8. The part of the brain that is located at...
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...J O I C Z E E W T S W E B O L L A T E I R A P V N R H F A B A O B Q M Z N Z I L J T N Y E C J T M H G E P A X O G E U L L N E B H E W D O U M O T O R C O R T E X U R X L T L H S W A I T F N I T V P J S U M A L A H T J B Z G R M T B F C G S M C F X A S D B Clues: 1. The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. Amygdala 2. The portion of the brain involved in intricate cognitive functioning. Cerebellum 3. A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. hippocampus 4. A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. Parietal 5. An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing, and performing motor functions. Primary Motor cortex 6. A part of the brain located in the back of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for processing visual information. Visual Cortex 7. The part of the brain that is highly involved in the control of the autonomic nervous system and pituitary hormone production and is also responsible for the “fight-or-flight” response. Hypothalamus 8. The part of the brain that is located at the base of the skull and is...
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...Brain Structures and Functions Worksheet PSY/340 Version 3 1 University of Phoenix Material Brain Structures and Functions Worksheet Provide a brief description for each of the following functions: 1. Basal ganglia The basal ganglia (or basal nuclei) are a group of nuclei of varied origin in the brains of vertebrates that act as a cohesive functional unit. They are situated at the base of the forebrain and strongly connected 2. with the cerebral cortex, thalamus and other brain areas. The basal ganglia are associated with a variety of Corpus collosum functions, including voluntary motorof nerve fibers that divides the cerebrumroutine behaviors or "habits" The corpus callosum is a thick band control, procedural learning relating to into left and right such as bruxism, eye movements, and cognitive,of the brainfunctions. for communication between both hemispheres. It connects the left and right sides emotional allowing 3. hemispheres. The corpus callosum transfers motor, sensory, and cognitive information between the brain Temporal lobe hemispheres. lobes are one of the four main lobes or regions of the cerebral cortex. Structures of the The temporal limbic system, including the olfactory cortex, amygdala, and the hippocampus are located within the 4. temporal lobes. The temporal lobes play an important role in organizing sensory input, auditory Occipital lobe perception, language and speech production, asperception system. They are not particularly...
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...Brain Structures & Their Functions The brain forms part of the central nervous system together with the spinal cord. The nervous system is the center of all communication and decision making. There are two parts of the nervous system: the central, and the peripheral nervous system. The nervous system as a whole is in charge of every part of our daily lives. Breathing, blinking, reaching to grab your phone, these are all motions brought on by our nervous system. Sensory nerves are the group of nerves responsible for gathering information from the body, and passing it along to the spinal cord which sends that message to the brain. The brain will then combine the message, and produce a response. The spinal cord acts as a superhighway of messages. It’s made up of a collection of nerves that go up and down the spine sending messages back and forth to the brain. The brain is composed of three sections: the hindbrain, the midbrain, and the forebrain. The hindbrain includes the cerebellum, the ponds, and the medulla. The midbrain includes the tegmentum and the tectum. Lastly, the forebrain includes the cerebrum, the thalamus, and the hypothalamus. The hindbrain is an area of the brain that coordinates information coming in and out of the spinal cord. It controls the most basic functions of life such as respiration, and our motor skills. There are three structures that make up the hindbrain: the medulla, the cerebellum, and the pons. The medulla is located just above the spinal...
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...and Functions of the Brain Word Search Highlight your answers in the word search below. X B L A L M D D W F L S C T P S N I O A E U G O A F P U W I R U S V A J W G O M T Z V F K D R A I T E P U E O V V H C Y R T G P B M H H Y E H M R H C P V O C G O Y C J C O R P U S C A L L O S U M I D C V T E T S U G V E N C Y P T M F A P A Y F K G R U U L H O N O R E Z H S O I L R Y V Z G E Q M I N W P M D Y H V T T A O U W X D X B T A P N P C Y G E R P A P S F K V D C A R D L O I F D B I J D L K N H E X S I E U A R A H T O F Y V T L L E C G Y C M M R A L B H L F Y H G V O N S N U O S Q A L E A C L T I I S V M B C O K S H Y Q L T C B A O J O I C Z E E W T S W E B O L L A T E I R A P V N R H F A B A O B Q M Z N Z I L J T N Y E C J T M H G E P A X O G E U L L N E B H E W D O U M O T O R C O R T E X U R X L T L H S W A I T F N I T V P J S U M A L A H T J B Z G R M T B F C G S M C F X A S D B Clues: 1. The part of the brain located in the temporal lobe that is responsible for our emotional response. Amygdala 2. The portion of the brain involved in intricate cognitive functioning. Cerebellum 3. A part of the brain that belongs to the limbic system and is responsible for processing new memories. _Hippocampus_ 4. A structure that is known to be a key relay station for sensory information. ________________ 5. An area of the cerebral cortex involved in organizing, controlling, directing, and performing motor functions. ________________ ...
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...Brain Functions and Psychology Abstract Different specialties within the field of psychology are interested in various divisions of the human brain due to its elaborate and multifaceted relationship between behavior and the brain. The brain or encephalon can be divided in to a varying number of divisions that are explored by different specialty groups within the field of psychology including biological psychologists, cognitive neuroscientist, cognitive psychologists, neuropsychologists, and general research psychologists. Research performed by different psychology professionals on the brain offers a venue for gaining further understanding of certain conditions such as multiple sclerosis, epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, and Alzheimer's. This paper concludes by discussing personal reasons for wanting to research memory and the opposing factor of forgetfulness. Part 1: Psychological Interest in the Human Brain Different specialties within the field of psychology are interested in various divisions of the human brain due to its elaborate and multifaceted relationship between behavior and the brain. The first part of this paper will be looking at the divisions of the brain which appeal to research and cognitive psychologists. The second part of the paper will be looking at the division of the brain which this counselor is interested in researching further and the thought process for choosing said particular division. Scientific Interest in the Brain The brain...
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...Hillari Cragun August 17, 2014 EDU 213- Educational Psychology Dr. Sharon Graham Brain Function Table Component | Definition | Role in Learning and Development | Neurons | “Cell in the brain or another part of the nervous system that transmits information to other cells.”(COE-GCU Framework 2010, pg. G-8) | The text book states that learning probably brings change to neurons and also could create new ones. | Neurotransmitters | “Chemical substance through which one neuron sends a message to another.”(COE-GCU Framework 2010, pg. G-8) | The neurons send their information to other cells though the neurotransmitters. | Axon | “A long, arm like structure that transmits information on to still other neuron.”(COE-GCU Framework 2010, pg. 23) | The more the axons are used the stronger they become and the faster they fire. | Myelin sheath | “Fatty coating on much of the axon.”(COE-GCU Framework 2010, pg. 23) | The information jumps from axon the axon quicker if it has myelin sheath on it. | Dendrites | Branchlike structures, on a neuron that receive messages from other neurons. (COE-GCU Framework 2010, pg. 22) | The texts states, “When a neuron’s dendrites are stimulated by other neurons (either those in the brain or those extending from other parts of the body), the dendrites become electrically charged. If the total charge reaches a certain level, the neuron fires, sending an electrical impulse along its axon to the terminal buttons.” (pg. 23) | Synapses...
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...The Brain and Cognitive Functions Centuries of philosophy and science have been dedicated to unraveling the mystery behind how cognition occurs, how it maps to areas of the brain, and to what degree cognition is dependant upon these various areas in which cognitive activities are located. Modern neuroscience has helped tremendously to provide some answers as have tests on brain trama patients such as Phineas Gage which revealed startling changes in individual behavior that can be linked to damage in specific areas of the brain. Even though studies continue to discover new information, there is strong evidence to support the premise that specific areas of the brain are dedicated to certain cognitive functions. Phineas Gage was an upstanding citizen that lived Cavendish, Vermont in the mid-1800's. Phineas worked as a railroad crew foreman and was considered by his employer to be a highly reliable, responsible man with morals, and a true model citizen. However, an accident that occurred in 1848 drove an iron pole called a tamping iron, through Phineas left cheek and out the top of his skull. According to reports, Phineas was able to get help from a physician, John Martyn Harlow, with whom Phineas carried on a discussion even during the initial treatments. John Martyn Harlow continued to treat Phineas for months after the accident and recorded the substantial changes in Phineas behavior that occurred during that time. It was a significant discovery in modern medicine and some...
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...BRAIN STRUCTURES, ETYMOLOGY and FUNCTIONS STRUCTURE|ETYMOLOGY(from Etymonline.com)|FUNCTION| Prefrontal Cortex (or Frontal Lobe) |Pre – Latin prae –before in time or place to Medieval Latin pre- to Old French pre- before (Oscan prai; Umbrian pre; Sanskrit pare-thereupon; Greek pareai- at; Gaulish are- at, beyond; Lithuanian pre- at; Old Church Slavic pri- at; Gothic faura; Olde English fore- before)Frontal – adj; Latin frontalis; 1650s-of the foreheadCortex – n; Latin cortex; 1650s-outer shell husk; 1741-of the brainLobe – n; Latin lobus; early 15th Century-hull, husk, pod; 1670s-brain divisions|“Multitasking and switching between tasks”(Gazzaley, 2012)| Temporal (Lobe) |Adj; Unknown origin- tempus (genitive temporis to Latin – temporalis to Old French- temporal; Mid 14th Century-worldly, secular; Late 14th Century-of time, terrestrial; temporary |“Auditory perception, speech, and complex visual perceptions”(BrainFacts, 2012; Temporal Lobe)| Occipital (Lobe) |Adj; Latin occiput (genitive occipitis)to Medieval Latin occipitalis to Middle French occipital; 1540s- back of skull|“Processing visual information”(BrainFacts, 2012; Occipital Lobe)| Parietal (Lobe) |Adj; Latin paries (genitive parietis) to parietalis- of walls; 15th Century pertaining to the walls of a cavity in the body|“Sensory processes, attention and language”(BrainFacts, 2012; Parietal Lobe)| Limbic Region (System)|Adj; Latin limbus-edge; to 1878 limbe to 1879 French limbique; 1950 limbic system|The naming...
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...Effects of Diet on Brain Function Have you had a conversation with someone lately where you found you just couldn't pay attention to what you were hearing? Do you know what kind of diet you had during the week? Do you know if what you are eating is the best thing for your mental health? Your diet is affecting your every move right now. It is even affecting your ability to comprehend what you are reading right now. Whether you notice it or not, the way you are acting and feeling on a daily basis the result of what you choose to eat. Mental health is directly related to personal diet choices. For people to function in the simplest every day tasks, from putting on shoes or even following verbal commands, necessary energy must be supplied to the brain in order for it to function properly. The human body requires basic nutrition as energy to transmit brain signals from the brain's neurons (independent nerve cells) to regulate all basic behaviors and bodily functions. The vitamins and minerals your body consumes helps to dictate how these neurons fire neurotransmitters effectively and efficiently (Hollis 26). This, being the most elementary step in understanding brain function, opens studies into what different possibilities can be attributed to how and in what ways different nutrients can effect brain function (Hollis 26). A common way of observing these effects is by examining what types of diets will alter a person's basic overall mood. The link between a clean diet...
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