...occupational data, only 5 were still in the fur trade . To make the outlook bleaker 182 of them were killed in the trade . Yet, there were a few that made successful transitions to a higher economic statue. There were seven politicians, six distillers, and two bankers . Therefore, some did gain economic freedom, but many did not and took occupations such as mining or died in the trade . Despite all this evidence to the contrary, the mountain man is looked upon as the archetype for the independent American spirit or even national identity mirroring the Jacksonain Man . To start off with, there was a distinctly different set of motivations behind the Brazilian settlements and the New England settlements . There was an, “initially spiritual,...
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...Course Code: HIST 200 Instructor: Dr. Jim Wood Student # 1011080 Date: March 25, 2012 “Women in Between”: Indian Women in Fur Trade Society in Western Canada”, written by Sylvia Van Kirk assesses the lives of Indian women in the fur trade. The article expresses both the positive and negative aspects of being an Indian woman in the fur trade as well as their motives for marrying European fur traders. The article contributes to our understanding of the fur trade society by focusing on the motives and actions of Indian women in the fur trade which furthers our knowledge of Canadian history prior to confederation. Sylvia Van Kirk used a vast selection of sources when writing the article on the Women in Between. The article references other similar writings of Indian history using various articles, books, journals and bibliographies to gather information and data. This article is referenced in other similar writings as she as well has drawn some excellent conclusions from her own research. Since much of the documented history of Indian women is written by men observing the situation and circumstances it is difficult to determine how viable the sources are. It seems that some of the sources contradict whether the situations of these women were positive or negative or whether they had anything to gain. Some sources explain that many of these women willingly looked for these alliances as their ability to gain higher status in society was superior. Other sources...
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...meet in the American Bottom. The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers served as channels of change to the area, bringing outside influences of many different peoples to an Indian-inhabited land. Like the constant flow of the rivers, there was a constant change in the American Bottom. The progress eventually developed the area into a center of economic activity and gateway to the west, but also excluded native and long-time residents. The Illinois Indians long dominated the American Bottom. They were a unique and special tribe, who were complex politically, religiously, and socially. They were also an independent people until French colonizers came to settle in the area. The French Creoles became the dominant population in the region, effecting trade and implementing French Creole culture in the region. The French would not be the last group trying to develop and profit from the American Bottom. When the United States gained control of the territory, it changed even further and eventually Americanized into an U.S. State. The importance of the region increased as the U.S. continued to grow westward. The American Bottoms location between the two great rivers made it the ideal location for a center of economic growth. Prior to the contact period, or the time when the Illinois first came into contact with Europeans, the Illinois were a great and influential tribe. They were a very interesting tribe who had a culture all their own. They were also a very autonomous bunch never having to...
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...portion Native American women both improved their lives and acted as agents for change that helped end traditional Plains Indian ways of life in several different ways. Native American women began to be an essential part of the fur trade as “intertribal go-betweens”. They were able to make trades more civil among tribes and Euro-Americans. Women would use their labor and sexuality to ensure goods and relations with outsiders. For example, when John Bradbury was journeying up the Missouri, he stopped through the Arikara village and was always accompanied by an Ariakarn woman who would examine his dress, repair moccasins, and generally this offer was “accompanied by a bedfellow.” While women gained power with the profit from their necessary assistance, they began to see the advantages of interlacing with Euro-American men’s lives. They began a necessity for Euro-American’s, and whether or not the men actually fell in love, they proceeded to have interracial marriages that would benefit both partners. For the women, they were attracted to the men’s technological advances as well as being better dressed, cared for, and fed. This all was subjected to how wealthy the man was, and how high in the hierarchy the woman was. It became so essential to the fur trade system that Indian men were beginning to question if the white men had women of their own. For some white men, polygamy was favorable but that also depended on the amount of money that man had to care for not only one, but multiple...
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...The Atlantic Trade Networks, also known as the Triangular Trade, consisted of multiple international networks where goods and materials became interchangeable between countries and regions around the world. The Triangular trade amended previous complication involving trade imbalances and created a unified, connected world through the means of trade. The Atlantic Trade created a new global network that drove a new form of a global economic system and impacted multiple countries through the commerce of silver and fur. Silver impacted the countries of China, Japan, and Bolivia while the fur trade changed the economic and social structures of North America and Russia. The economic structure, political system and agricultural system...
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...meet in the American Bottom. The Mississippi and Missouri Rivers served as channels of change to the area, bringing outside influences of many different peoples to an Indian-inhabited land. Like the constant flow of the rivers, there was a constant change in the American Bottom. The progress eventually developed the area into a center of economic activity and gateway to the west, but also excluded native and long-time residents. The Illinois Indians long dominated the American Bottom. They were a unique and special tribe, who were complex politically, religiously, and socially. They were also an independent people until French colonizers came to settle in the area. The French Creoles became the dominant population in the region, effecting trade and implementing French Creole culture in the region. The French would not be the last group trying to develop and profit from the American Bottom. When the United States gained control of the territory, it changed even further and eventually Americanized into an U.S. State. The importance of the region increased as the U.S. continued to grow westward. The American Bottoms location between the two great rivers made it the ideal location for a center of economic growth. Prior to the contact period, or the time when the Illinois first came into contact with Europeans, the Illinois were a great and influential tribe. They were a very interesting tribe who had a culture all their own. They were also a very autonomous bunch never having to...
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...The importance of animals would also begin to serve as an economic power in addition to a spiritual one. During the early part of the 19th century, the fur industry was on a boom with traders and merchants seeking to acquire vast quantities of pelts to feed the fashion explosion. American traders traveled across the vast frontier of Indian territories to trade for furs with beads, steel blades and most importantly, guns. Arapoosh saw trade with the Americans as an opportunity to achieve more power in the region, acknowledging guns as necessities for his warriors. He would use the new weapons to obtain more territory, receiving more furs and enemy horses in exchange for even more guns. During the 1820’s and 1830’s, it was this tactic that allowed the Crow to grow to the height of its power, to the point where they were the most influential in trading with merchants. Arapoosh has brought his people to prosperity, a time that could only last for so long....
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...American Fur Company John Jacob Astor, founder of the American Fur Company, was the creator of the first trust or monopoly, and he was the first multi-millionaire in the United States. His fortune came primarily from the fur trade. Born on July 17, 1763 in Waldorf, Germany, his cleverness, guile, and business suave shaped the early American frontier. Arriving in New York in 1783, he soon began to buy furs from trappers and Indians, establishing a fur goods shop in New York. In 1794, the Jay Treaty between Great Britain and the United States opened new markets in Canada and the Great Lakes region. Astor affected three major sections of the nation: Business, Society, and Government. With regard to businesses, he mastered the fur trade industry to near perfection with his use of predatory pricing, market manipulation, and trade routes to increase his supply and expansion into new markets. Within society, Americans from the past to present can credit John Jacob Astor and the American Fur Company to many benefits and consequences felt within society. Those who understand the full impact of American Fur Company will agree that Astor’s greed and blatant exploitation of people and resources came at such a high cost to some parts of society that it may have outweighed any good. Lastly, government, which was supposed to protect society, began to realize that they would have to intervene with the private sector in order to ensure human rights. It was through Astor’s actions...
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...Provinces. In doing so, fur trading was opened in America. In 1611 the first Dutch vessel set sail for the Hudson Bay. After the successful journey, many others followed pursuit. In 1614 merchants from the cities of Amersterdam and Hoorn formed the New Netherland Company. This was a company-owned and -operated business, run on a for profit basis by the directors of the West India Company. The goal of the firm was to make a profit for the investors who had purchased shares in the company, monopolizing the fur trade for three years. In 1615, Fort Orange was built near Albany for trading with the Indians for fur. After the monopoly was not renewed the land was opened for all Dutch traders. The un colonized area prompted the States General to offer a monopoly to a company that would colonize the area. In 1621 the newly incorporated Dutch West India Company was formed, obtaining a twenty four year monopoly. In 1624 the first settlers arrived. The Dutch West India Company created a new society by spreading their colonial establishment; in return, the New Netherlands was formally made into a province. The Dutch West India Company impacted the colony's economy and its culture. In 1628, the “Patroonship Plan” was introduced. It was the first attempt at partnership. Under the plan, new settlers would be given land and rights. The Patroon would have to agree to bring workers and colonize the land at his own expense. This plan did not work because of the monopolies on fur and fish. In 1629 a...
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...Shepard Krech III offers an in-depth analysis of historical Aboriginal peoples’ behaviour in his book “The Ecological Indian.” Accounts of Aboriginal peoples’ origins and traditions are dissected and investigated in an effort to determine their level of concern for the environment. Krech delves into the state of the world during the Pleistocene era and eventually considers the state of the New World during the time of the fur trade. Krech is very critical of Aboriginal peoples’ reputation as natural conservationists. I believe that Krech manipulates evidence in ways that favor his argument. This might be a given for a controversial topic, but the author goes too far in deprioritizing information that supports Aboriginal peoples as historical conservationists. Krech’s rhetoric flows over and under major points that support the idea of the Ecological Indian, moving swiftly past them and on to evidence that portrays Aboriginal peoples as wasteful and abusive to nature. Krech introduces the concept of the Ecological Indian by discussing the 1960’s advertising campaign of the “Crying Indian”, who seemed to mourn for the polluted environment. Krech correctly considers the Crying Indian to contain several subtle points – Aboriginal peoples are the victim of White pollution; Aboriginal groups treat land and resources with respect. By using an upset Aboriginal man, this advertising company set Aboriginal peoples against white people, as defenders against attackers. Krech considers...
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...because it is in a way, a train that connects the entire country from East to West. Moose: On a commercial basis Moose are good for having tourists come look at and for hunters to kill. On a higher level Moose are a magnificent animal that are gratifying to have around. Canadian Flag: The flag is the symbol of the nation's unity, for it, beyond any doubt, represents all the citizens of Canada without distinction of race, language, belief or opinion. Beaver: A Beaver creates a dam by chopping down trees with its teeth. These dams make creeks and rivers into small ponds and small lakes. Thus creating homes, waterhole's and habitat for other creatures. Canoe: A Canoe is important to Canada because it was extremely important during the fur trade. It made it easier and more efficient to travel. Sea...
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...IA (Outline) – Chinese Fur Farms Introduction Throughout the years the constant conflict of the Chinese fur farms has been an ongoing controversial issue that spans within a great amount of areas of knowledge. Within the Chinese fur farms animals the main goal of the production process is to make a maximum profit – at the expense of the animals. Organizations such as EU, and the UN have tried to impose policies upon china for the safety of the animals but the Chinese fur farms have yet to treat the animals ethically. Many efforts by global organizations such as PETA have been made to ban fur trading with china but despite that the fur trade with china has only strengthened and become a larger, lucrative powerful monopoly. Period. 8 - Blackmon Areas of Knowledge History Human Sciences Ethics Ways of Knowing Perception Emotion Reasoning Topic A – History (Politics) What political involvement does the U.S. have with the Chinese fur trade? What policies are implemented within China & the United States that deals with the protection of animals? UN, and the EU primarily deal with political issues regarding the fur trade. Federal Fur Labeling Act Law Topic A Counterclaim Why do the UN and EU feel the need to implement laws on China regarding the ethical treatment of animals? Foreign nations have no right to urge animal cruelty laws imposing their beliefs on China. Topic B Counterclaim Topic B – Human Science (Economy) The Chinese fur trade has become a large monopoly...
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...Executive Summary Dani Reiss is at a point in Canada Goose where the time for growth is now. Over the report we will be discussing what is the best way for Canada Goose to best combat their strengths and weaknesses to sell their product at full potential. Reiss must choose from Levine’s Menswear and Asmuns place. At these two locations Canada Goose will be able to better target men’s and women’s fashion segment. They will also get a more dominant position in upper scale mall, which is where we will find people who will be willing to pay our high price in order to get a quality coat. If our coat is seen in upper scale stores, this will also help to improve our brand image, to build a foundation in peoples minds as Canada Goose as a luxury coat. With added sales we should be able to improve our product line to offer an even wider range of coats and accessories. Our major issue with dealing with these types of retailers is there is no guarantee of our coat not being used as a loss-leader, which will highly decrease brand prestige. We will also face the possibility of losing a few key independent retailers when they fail to keep up with the upper scale larger stores such as Levine’s Menswear and Asmuns place. Ultimately, our company faces little risk, as higher-income people will always be willing to spend, to them, a small chunk of money on a coat that is of highest quality and extremely fashionable. Problem Statement How can Dani Reiss, the president and owner of Canada...
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...working at a bakery, saving what he could to work the fur circuits. It was through his motivation for wealth that he started his fur empire, but his managerial skills that let him maintain it. Many times Astor was thrown a curve ball and when it came at him he managed to hit a homerun. This is seen when Astor had to sell Astoria, his fur empire on the pacific coast, for a fraction of its worth to the British. It was through Astor’s managerial ability that he got congress to forbid foreign fur trading in the US. After doing this he bought out their interests and his monopoly was born. As for Astor’s ethics, they were towards money and not towards fair treatment. The US congress passed a law that the Indian’s were not to bet taken advantage of, Astor did not adhere to these rules but instead traded low price trinkets for high value furs making a 4,900 percent profit to which 99.9 percent of it went to himself. Another example of Astor’s lack of ethics is when he let the Indians use credit so that they would be in debt to him and they would not be able buy from any other sellers. Astor’s career shows that there is no relation between virtue and success, his lesson would have to be (don’t let virtue get in the way of success). This is the way he lived his life as a businessman, on many occasions he bribed federal officials in charge of enforcing fur trade laws. 2). In the 1830’s the consensus seems to be against the fur trade industry, I believe that Astor may have pushed to hard...
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...you feel? Or would you prefer if someone peels off your skin while you are dead? Well, most of us might not want either option to happen to us. These are just few samples of how animal are suffering for unnecessary need of human being. However, little do we know that this happens to animal’s everyday when people shave off their fur to make coats, begs and other things for us? Proposition Animal fur should be banded because it’s not right to kill animal brutally for us to look just good and also a name of fashion. Division First I describe history of using fur and how it’s different now. Next I will talk about the facts of using animal for fur and how they killed animal for name of fashion. Contentions Let me list the objections which support the proposition for why animal fur should be banned because its crime to killed animal for name of fashion. 1. It is unnecessary to take life of animal for fashion. 2. Animal negligence – starved. 3. Fur farms constitute institutionalized cruelty. 4. There are other options if you want to get a fur. 5. Just remember your clothing used to be alive. 6. Killing animals for their fur is just cruel and wrong. Transition: today I can’t argue all five contentions because of time, so I’m going to argue...
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