Free Essay

Game Engines

In:

Submitted By herschel
Words 658
Pages 3
Herschel Soumahoro
02/04/2014
Game Engine

1. What is a game engine?
The concept of a game engine is fairly simple: it exists to abstract the details of doing common game-related tasks, like rendering, physics, and input, so that developers can focus on the details that make their games unique. 2. Why do we need game engines?
The developer needs the game engine basically to function and without it the game will not run properly without glitches.
3. What is an API? What is an Application Framework? What are the differences between an API and an Application Framework?
APIs are the software interfaces that operating systems, libraries, and services provide so that you can take advantage of their particular features. The Application Framework lets you customize existing applications or build applications from scratch without writing any code. An API is an interface to a (set of) component(s) encapsulating a functionality. For instance, the GoogleMaps API, the DirectX or OpenGL APIs, while a framework is more a set of tools, components aimed at helping the developer to develop his/her project in a given Frame. An API is something code has, not something it is. A framework has an API, but it is not itself an API.

4. Describe the components of a game engine. software component is a software element that conforms to a component model and can be independently deployed and composed without modification according to a composition standard.

A component model defines specific interaction and composition standards. A component model implementation is the dedicated set of executable software elements required to support the execution of components that conform to the model.

A software component infrastructure is a set of interacting software components designed to ensure that a software system or subsystem constructed using those components and interfaces will satisfy clearly defined performance specifications.

5. List (at least three) the game engines you know. What genre is each of them? What are the strengths of each of them?
Unreal Engine is an award-winning 3D game engine and professional toolset used in blockbuster video game development, architectural visualization, mobile game development, 3D rendering, digital films and more.

Unity is a cross-platform game engine with a built-in IDE developed by Unity Technologies. It is used to develop video games for web plugins, desktop platforms, consoles and mobile devices.
OGRE has grown to become one of the most popular open-source graphics rendering engines, and has been used in a large number of production projects, in such diverse areas as games, simulators, educational software, interactive art, scientific visualization, and others.
6. Explain the following concepts using examples:
a. Encapsulation means that an object presents only a limited interface to the outside world; the object’s internal state and implementation details are kept hidden.
b. Inheritance allows new classes to be defi ned as extensions to pre-existing classes.
The new class modifi es or extends the data, interface, and/or behavior of the existing class.
c. Polymorphism is a language feature that allows a collection of objects of diff erent types to be manipulated through a single common interface. The common interface makes a heterogeneous collection of objects appear to be homogeneous, from the point of view of the code using the interface.
d. overloading- Constructor and function/method overloading, in computer science, a type of polymorphism where different functions with the same name are invoked based on the data types of the parameters passed
e. An override is a type of function which occurs in a class which inherits from another class. An override function "replaces" a function inherited from the base class, but does so in such a way that it is called even when an instance of its class is pretending to be a different type through polymorphism.
f. Namespaces provide a level of indirection to specific identifiers, thus making it possible to distinguish between identifiers with the same exact name.

Similar Documents

Free Essay

Empires

...ij oijo ij C-130H OPS LIMITS AND OTHER NUMBERS STARTING TIT Max Enrichment 100* C Max Normal Start 200* C Max Airstart 200° C 781 – MX 965* C ENGINE TIT T.O.Range 1067-1083*C* 5 min Take Off Power 1083* (or 19,600 in/lbs, whichever first) Military 1049* C* 30 min Range 1011-1049° C * 30 min Norm. Cont 200-1010° C Max Continuous 1010* C Climb 1010° C Reduced Power 970* C Reduced Power for LPS 900° C Exceed 1083* C 5 sec Exceed 1175* C Momentarily Crossover 800-840* C Max Downspeed TIT 850° C ENGINE RPM Fuel Control Valve Open 16% Igniters Energized 16% Oil Pressure Ind 35% Ignition By 35% Starter 60% Secondary Fuel Press Lt by 65% Low Speed GI 69-75.5% Flight Idle (ground) 92.5-100.5% Normal GI 94-102% Max Reverse 96-106% Normal RPM 98-102% Allowable Flux *0.5% Overspeed: Pitchlock 103% Overspeed: Fuel Topping 103.5% Overspeed: Severe 105% Pitchlock Operations 96-98% ENGINE TORQUE (IN-LBS) Oil Temp < 0* C Minimum Oil Temp 0-40* C 4,500 Max Allow. T.O 19,600/5 min Max Allow. Flt 19,600/30 min Max Continuous 19,600 Decouple -6,000 NTS Actuation -1,260 *600 Torque Comparison * 200 Prop Reversing (max diff) 1,000 Propulsion * 8,000 OIL QUANTITY Minimum 4 gal Maximum 12 gal Expansion 7.5 gal Engine Low Oil Lt 4 gal Allowable Burn Rate 1 qt/hr OIL TEMPERATURE Normal 60-85* C Maximum 85-100* C Ground 30 min Air 5 min Max Continuous 85° C ...

Words: 674 - Pages: 3

Free Essay

Blackhawk -10 Test

...Wave (C) Radial Displacement Wattage (D) Ram Dump Waypoints 2. With asymmetric fuel loading, lateral control margin will be reduced: (A) In the direction of the heavy side (B) In the direction opposite the heavy side (C) Only while hovering in crosswinds from the light side (D) Only while hovering in crosswinds from the heavy side 3. Army aviator’s flight record and aircraft inspection and maintenance records, which are to be used by crewmembers, are prescribed in: (A) PAM 738-751 (B) TM 55-1500-342-23 (C) Both A and B (D) None of the above 4. Two stowage compartments, at the rear of the cabin over the main fuel tanks, are for: (A) Engine plugs and tiedown equipment (B) Storage of seats when not in use (C) Flyaway equipment (D) Toolboxes and spare cans of hydraulic fluid 5. During...

Words: 2100 - Pages: 9

Premium Essay

Maize Milling Machine Correct Operation Is the Basis for Performance

...Maize milling machine correct operation method is the basis for the next step of maize milling machine performance. With social development, people lay more and more emphasis on food nutrition. Maize nutrition also causes our attention. Meanwhile, maize milling machine usage is more and more widely and the market has increasing demands for maize milling machine. We should abide by the operation rules to ensure the normal running. 1. When the maize flour yield is abnormal, we can draw out the screw shaft, check the cage bar and screw shaft abrasion. Change the wearing parts in time. Each lubrication part should prevent dust and other impurities. Each year, we should check the engine oil quality of the reduction gearbox once. If there has any degenerative oil, we should change all of the engine oil. 2. No quality, no production value. No quality, no market. No quality, no profits. No quality, no life. Therefore, we should try our best to improve quality, yield, safety, and reduce energy consumption. 3. To make MAIZE MILLING MACHINE usage more effective, we should operate maize milling machine according to the equipment operating instruction. Keep regular maintenance on the equipment. Avoid any error in production caused by incorrect operation. It’s better to have the professional maize milling machine engineers on scene to guide for you how to detect and maintain if you are not familiar with this. Usually the maize milling machine manufacturers will provide such after-sales...

Words: 363 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

System Thinking

...Description [pic] ▪ Executive Summary ▪ Content Page ▪ Introduction The commercial aircraft engine consists of 3 major modules namely the Fan, Core and the Low Pressure Turbine (LPT). Each module will then be split into sub modules before it is stripped into individual parts. The engine is made up of thousands of parts put together and a typical shop visit (input, repair/upgrade, assembly, testing) will take approximately 60 days to complete. The current system of achieving the 60 days target is done by dividing the resources into 4 different sections. Each section will be in-charge of each module’s strip and assembly. Upon completion an additional team will put together all 3 major modules together before it is sent to the Test Cell for an engine run. The objective of this paper is to look into how the process of engine may be streamlined to reduce the overall turn around time (TAT). Some concepts and models adapted from an article “10 effective performance tools for 21st century managers” by Prof KC Chan (Reference 1) and the “Stage Gate System” by Robert R Cooper (Reference 2) will be incorporated to illustrate how to create an efficient system for the engine shop. The goal is to achieve at least 15% reduction in the TAT per engine. With a typical input of 100 engines per year, the target savings in number of labour days is approximately 900 days. Using the labour days multiplied by the cost of...

Words: 267 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Internal Supplies by Kamp Motors

...subsidiaries ▪ An International leader in the field of engine production ▪ Develops racing car engines for many years Kamp produces four main types of car engines Type 1 – conventional type / sells externally Type 2, 3 & 4 – high tech types / sell internally Financial Data on Kamp Motors 2001 (x €1 million) Sales = 361 External Cost = 204 Staff = 98 Depreciation = 20 An important order in 2002 (Develop Type 2A engine) Quantity = 5000 engines Variable cost per unit = 2500 Full cost per unit = 4000 Development cost = 200 Profit = 750 (if sells engines externally) Problem No. 1 What transfer price should Kamp insist on, in your opinion, if it were to supply the type 2a engine to the MB division now and in the future? Please give arguments for your proposal. You should at least consider the principle ‘minimum transfer price = variable cost per unit + opportunity costs for the supplier’ and the guidelines Vecu has for transfer prices. Please draw attention to the interests of Kamp Motors as well as those of Vecu as a whole. Taking into consideration Vecu’s transfer price policy, what do you think of Guy Mercier’s attitude? Given: Quantity = 5000 engines (for Type 2A) Full Cost per unit = €4000 (for Type 2A engine if calculated in usual way) Development Cost = €200 (For developing the Type 2A engine) Variable Cost per unit = €2500 Opportunity cost = €750 (Profit if sell engines externally) Calculation: Minimum Transfer Price =...

Words: 1360 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

How to Improve Maize Milling Machine Efficiency

...machine efficiency can be affected by maize milling machine operation, its technology level, the raw grain and so on. With social development, people lay more and more emphasis on food nutrition. Maize nutrition also causes our attention. Meanwhile, maize milling machine usage is more and more widely and the market has increasing demands for maize milling machine. We should abide by the operation rules to ensure the normal running. 1. When the maize flour yield is abnormal, we can draw out the screw shaft, check the cage bar and screw shaft abrasion. Change the wearing parts in time. Each lubrication part should prevent dust and other impurities. Each year, we should check the engine oil quality of the reduction gearbox once. If there has any degenerative oil, we should change all of the engine oil. 2. No quality, no production value. No quality, no market. No quality, no profits. No quality, no life. Therefore, we should try our best to improve quality, yield, safety, and reduce energy consumption. 3. To make MAIZE MILLING MACHINE usage more effective, we should operate maize milling machine according to the equipment operating instruction. Keep regular maintenance on the equipment. Avoid any error in production caused by incorrect operation. It’s better to have the professional maize milling machine engineers on scene to guide for you how to detect and maintain if you are not familiar with this. Usually the maize milling machine manufacturers will provide such after-sales...

Words: 324 - Pages: 2

Free Essay

Football Manager Interview

...Football Manager is an enormously complex simulation. On a global level, the game tracks thousands of careers, ambitions and relationships, and on any given match day, weather, morale, skills and individual personal issues can contribute to moments of brilliance or abject failure. Talking to Sports Interactive’s director Miles Jacobson, I found that the simulation model is even more elaborate in some areas than I’d expected. Read on to find out about the game’s expanding narrative engine, how climate change is forcing the team to update the code that generates weather patterns, why the ugliest aspects of football have no place in FM and how a non-contract player’s family situation might prevent him from playing for your club. RPS: You’ve mentioned in previous interviews that you have a database of thousands of features to implement eventually. But do you have an overall vision of where the game is going to be in two or three years? Is there a shape that it’s taking? Jacobson: I tend to work two versions ahead. It used to be three but it’s two now because we’re managing to fit in a lot more each year, so there’s always an overall vision for the game. Whether that’s a year of revolution or of evolution – I think, certainly, the revolution years are going to be less and less because there’s so much in the game already that we’d rather look at evolving certain large chunks of the game each year. When you’re working on an annually iterative sports title that’s based on real life...

Words: 2911 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

Kjiuyf

...It is very important for Cadbury to manage their physical resources in order to keep the company functioning. Physical resources are used in day to day running of the business, and without them, the business would be much less efficient. The managers of Cadbury are responsible for monitoring the equipment and checking the premise regularly to make sure everything is in good working order. It is also normally down to the manage to ensure all new staff have the correct training on how to operate the machines and equipment for their own safety and for the benefit of the machines. If all staff are trained to use all machinery there is less likely to be any accidents or breakage of the equipment which would cost the company money in repairs. Employees also work less efficiently with the machinery if they have not received proper training and are not comfortable using it. Cadbury have to make sure the physical resources in their outlet stores are appealing to their customers. If their shops look modern and inviting they will attract more customers. However, if the shop is unclean and badly kept, they will lose customers and business. Cleaning equipment in the factories and shops also has to be checked regularly, however machines such as hoovers do not last for ever so they have to be replaced when they no longer work efficiently. The manager in charge of the delivery part of Cadbury has to make sure all vehicles are up to date with MOT’s to make sure they still work properly. If this...

Words: 283 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Generation Fun

...of ideas. Lack of entertainment can however cause the brain to shut down. Entertainment enables s sense of innovation. As a result, numerous ideas are created. Studies show that almost half of discoveries are done during entertainment when the inventor enjoys the task he partakes. However, over entertainment has its own pitfalls. This paper argues that society is becoming over entertained. Generation Fun: Are we as a Society Becoming over Entertained? In a society where we are overwhelmed by bright lights, images, and electrical gadgets it is worth questioning one of the most important parts of our society, Entertainment. Entertainment is multidimensional and could be personal or involve the general public. Playing a game of chess or scrabble could be viewed as a personal form of entertainment. Watching a movie however is a general form of entertainment as the experience is shared with the general public. As entertainment continues to become a trillion-dollar industry, the society has continued to live up to the entertainment culture of the “entertainment age.” The question, “Are we as a society becoming over entertained?” can be approached using different angles given its complexity. I have developed my point of view that as a society, we are spending too much time on entertainment or enjoyment. Entertainment can take an individual into a fantasy world from where he escapes from real life. This often applies to public form of entertainment such as theatre...

Words: 1492 - Pages: 6

Premium Essay

Traumatic Head Injury Research Paper

...quarterback know the ball is going to him. The center snaps the ball to the quarterback, and the receiver breaks off of the line of scrimmage in the blink of an eye. He runs across the middle of the field, and sees the ball zipping towards him. The ball enters his hands for a split second, but defenseless, he is hit by an opposing defender, resulting in the receiver lying flat on his back. The game clock is stopped, and the medical staff sprints to his aid. The defender runs back to his sideline, ecstatic that he made a big hit. The fifteen yard penalty and five thousand dollar fine are absolutely worth it to him for this ego-boosting hit, since his annual contract is...

Words: 1958 - Pages: 8

Premium Essay

Comparison Essay: Football Vs. College Football

...would be a lot of fun. The last sport I like is drag racing. I like this because there are a lot of nice cars that can go really fast and I find that entertaining. Someday I would like to have a drag racing car myself. I would say I really got interest in drag racing because of the show Street Outlaws. On that show they have a lot of nice cars. My favorite being this one guy’s 1966 Nova. Another reason I really got interested in drag racing is because my pap used to do it. He would tell me stories about all the old nice cars he used to have. He had three 1966 Chevelles and from the pictures I have seen they did look really nice. But, I think that the best one would be his 1968 Camaro. He sometimes tell me how he had upgraded the engine and had a lot of upgrades on the car that made it...

Words: 999 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Personal Narrative-Tragic Tensions In American Football

...The crisp autumn air was interrupted by the sudden arrival of gray skies and fog. Johnny and his crew were in the full size court, as usual. They were balling up. My friends and I follow form, Jack, Sean, and I. We wait to the side and watch the 2 on 2 game take place, since we’re all too short and stubby to compete with the big boys, but it’s an intense match. Johnny has the slickest moves, from his quick head fakes and lightning-quick dribbles. “Swish!” The ball slides through the net as Will shoots a long ball. Will is always at Johnny’s side, from math class to the court, they got glue stuck to their hips. “Pass the rock!” Johnny yells, receiving the ball and taking it to the basket for an easy dunk. Through drenching sweat and dirty rain,...

Words: 967 - Pages: 4

Free Essay

Comparative Analysis of Four Car Brands

...features that make the car worth every penny. Maruti India is one of the pioneers of the automobile revolution in India. * Chevrolet beat: The Chevrolet Beat is a small, convenient car that offers looks that set it apart, great drive-ability, compact size and a stunning value-for-money proposition. Available with a choice of petrol and diesel engines, the Beat caters to a wide audience. Apart from being frugal, the Beat's USP lies in its design and futuristic interior styling as well. * Tata vista: The Tata Indica is a supermini car produced by the Indian manufacturer Tata Motors since 1998. It is the first passenger car from Tata Motors and it is also considered India's first indigenous developed passenger car. * Volkswagen polo: The Volkswagen Polo is a supermini car produced by the German manufacturer Volkswagen since 1975. It is sold in Europe and other markets worldwide in hatchback, saloon and estate variants. Analysis on the basis of product, price, place, promotion PRODUCT: * Tata Indica Vista * Maruti Swift * Chevrolet Beat * Volkswagen polo 1. Volkswagen polo: Highlights Engine capacity 1199 cc Fuel Economy (ARAI) 22.07 Kmpl Power 75PS @ 4200rpm Torque 180Nm @ 2000rpm Body Style Hatchback Segment B2 Ideal for ...

Words: 2775 - Pages: 12

Premium Essay

American Car

...packing powerful V8 engines into their cars. It is all about speed and power and in turn entails high-rate consumption of petroleum. This can really say a lot about their culture: high-consumption without thinking of sustainability. The market of cars in the United States is considered a significant portion of their economy. During recent economic crises they even opted to bail out car companies who produce these high-consuming muscle cars with taxpayer’s money. In recent years, the quality and reliability of cars has improved all over the world, but the public’s perception doesn’t always keep up with reality. In a recent episode of Consumer Reports’“Talking Cars” show, the hosts discuss whether American cars have improved lately in terms of quality and reliability. Let’s not forget that not long ago, American-brand cars didn’t enjoy a good reputation, especially in terms of interior quality, overall fit and finish and engine performance and fuel economy. So what is happening now with the U.S. auto industry? Consumer Reports editors believe American automakers have generally caught up with their Japanese and European competitors in recent years, the quality of American cars has vastly improved in recent years. Consumer reports have rated a number of American cars, especially Fords, as highly as the best cars from Japan. Buick managed a JD Powers rating that is top of the line, tying with Jaguar and beating out Toyota. Detroit has also stepped up their game in the style department...

Words: 373 - Pages: 2

Premium Essay

Entrepreneurial Research

...An evolution of Vietnamese game industry Individual report on innovation Introduction The world has witnessed the significant growth of game industry over the last 10 years. There have been major changes in all aspects such as graphics, gameplay and along with it come a great number of big firms in this industry: Ubisoft, Square Enix, Crytek, and so on. On contrary to this rapid growth, there have been little or none game producers that come from Vietnam. This can only be explained by the fact that game piracy appears in every corners of Vietnam and that Vietnamese governments, as well as the societies, have a negative point of view in games. The situation made it nearly impossible for any game developers to set their feet in such field. However, a new and young company, Emobi Games, realized their opportunities and decided to take a risk with the goal is to prove to Vietnamese people and the whole world that Vietnamese games are able to compete at a global level. The purpose of this report is to provide information regarding how Emobi Games innovatively changes the whole industry. Emobi Games’ background Emobi Games is one of the very few game developers that come from Vietnam. It was originally founded in 2008 but it was not until April 2009 that Emobi Games became an independent company (Emobigames 2011). At the moment, the company’s staff is a group consists of 23 people with each person is high – skilled and have achieved certain degrees in programming, 3D designing...

Words: 1551 - Pages: 7