...Rajiv Gandhi, the eldest son of Feroze and Indira Gandhi, was born on August 20, 1944 and the youngest person to become the Prime Minister of India at the age of 40. He was India’s 9th Prime Minister and 3rd among the Gandhi family. He held his position after her mother’s death on October 31, 1984 until he resigned on December 2, 1989 after an election defeat. Though having no relationship to Mahatma Gandhi, his leadership brought substantial influence in India’s external political relationship. And even though his character was questioned in a controversial scandal which was actually served as his political downfall, he remained one of the respected Prime Minister of India. Rajiv Gandhi belonged to one of the famous political family in India. His grandfather, Jawaharlal Nehru, was an Indian leader of independence and subsequently became the first Indian Prime Minister. Rajiv, together with his younger brother Sanjay, was raised in Delhi and Allahabad. He was educated at an exclusive school for boys at the Doon School and at the Welham Boy’s School then later sought education at a university in United Kingdom, University of London, University of Cambridge, and at the Imperial College London, but none of which had he received any degree. He met his wife, Sonia Maino at Cambridge, and though greatly opposed by Maino’s family they got married at India in 1969. He began his career as a professional pilot for an Indian Airline even though her mother was India’s Prime Minister...
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...Jake Brillhart – Response Paper #1 Mohandas Gandhi Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, commonly known as Mahatma Gandhi, was born in Porbandar, which was a Princely British Indian State at the time. He was born on October 2nd, 1869 to a father that was a senior government official. Gandhi grew up studying law in London and eventually became a lawyer. He would then become famous for fighting for Muslim and Hindu Indian’s civil rights in South Africa. Gandhi is remembered as one of the most famous spiritual/religious leaders of all time. However, depending on the historians you talk to, their opinions of Gandhi will all be a slight bit different. During his lifetime, Mahatma Gandhi became famous throughout the world by enforcing civil disobedience, the ideas of nonviolence, and initiating protest campaigns for India’s independence; however many people didn’t know he was also very racist against African-Americans. Personally, I have always thought of Mahatma Gandhi as one of the most influential and religious men of all time. However, Professor Mann showed me that every good person has their own flaws as well. Professor Mann told us a shocking story about when Gandhi’s father, Karamchand Gandhi, was on his death bed and was sickly ill. His father had been one of Gandhi’s main influences throughout his life so one would think that Gandhi would be right by his father’s side during his last moments. However, Gandhi was actually in another room losing his virginity. This story just shows...
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...Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi also known as “Mahatma (Great soul) Gandhi” or “Bapu (Father of the nation)” was the leader of Freedom fight and Indian Nationalism on the British rule in India. Mahatma Gandhi was the primary leader of India's independence movement and also the architect of a form of civil disobedience that would influence the world. Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in India. He was the youngest child for his parents Mohandas Gandhi and Putlibai Gandhi. He spent his childhood and his schooling in the city of Porbandar. Gandhi in his own biography describes his father as lover of his clan, truthful, brave and generous, but short-tempered, incorruptible and his mother being a very religious person. He also describes her as having very strong commonsense and highly intelligent. His father died before Gandhi could finish his schooling, and at thirteen he was married to Kasturbai, who was of the same age as Mohandas himself . She was illiterate. By nature she was simple, independent, persevering. They had 4 children together. At age 18, Gandhi left India, in order to study to become a barrister (lawyer) in London. His three-year stay in London he was a serious student and living a very simple lifestyle and stayed as a vegetarian. Gandhi successfully passed the bar on June 10, 1891 and sailed back to India. For the next two years, Gandhi attempted to practice law in India. Unfortunately, Gandhi found that he lacked both knowledge of Indian law and self-confidence at...
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...Simple acts of kindness such as helping an injured dog or helping an elderly woman cross the street can in a way be considered heroic as it shows compassion towards other living things. A hero has to display bravery, selflessness, and compassion. Mahatma Gandhi is one great example of a hero because he was instrumental in leading India to freedom from British rule, using a unique but very effective philosophy - Nonviolence. According to BrainyQuote.com, Gandhi believed that, "The best way to find yourself is to lose yourself in the service of others." Gandhi gave up his what could have been a comfortable life as a highly educated lawyer and instead chose a simple life without any material comforts to set an example for his fellow countrymen. He advocated a mass disobedience movement urging people to get involved in a non-violent protest by boycotting British education institutions, products and also urged people not to pay taxes to the British government. Gandhi was a true hero as he displayed bravery when facing grave challenges, sacrificed his life for liberating India from British rule, which portrayed selflessness, and exemplified compassion, even to his enemies, earning him the title "Mahatma," meaning, "the great soul." Gandhi spearhead the fight for India's liberation. Along this journey that spanned decades, he faced numerous challenges and was arrested several times and sent to jail for almost seven years. Against all odds he...
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...Primary Sources Gandhi, Mahatma. "Mahatma Gandhi First Television Interview." Fox Movietone News. Fox Movietone News, FMN, April 30, 1931. I found this source important to my research due to the fact that it’s a firsthand interview with Mahatma Gandhi and it shows his values and beliefs during that time period. Also within the video he says what his “plan of attack” is which is useful to hear from Mahatma Gandhi himself. However since this picture is a newscast they could have taken things out that they didn't want other people to hear or didn't believe themselves which is a negative. Another negative is that it doesn’t show the peoples beliefs at the time it just shows Mahatma Gandhi’s. Gandhi, Mahatma. "Mahatma Gandhi." Speech, Mahatma Gandhi from India, London, October 17, 1931. I found this source useful due to the fact that is a speech and it shows Mahatma Gandhi’s views himself and it’s not an interview its him speaking to a crowd, However due to the fact that during a speech you’re trying to persuade a group of people. Mahatma could’ve said some things that he really didn't mean and he could've said it just to have people agree with him. Also it could be considered unreliable because it’s on YouTube and someone could have edited it and took things out. Gandhi, Mahatma. The Labor Monthly. Vol. 14, April 1932 I found this source important to my research due to the fact that it’s a firsthand interview with Mahatma Gandhi and it shows...
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...Mohandas Gandhi est un avocat courageux qui a fait beaucoup pour son people. Il est né le 2 octobre, en 1869. 1. Les droits politiques et libertés civiques des peuples indiens n’étaient pas respectés. Les indiens étaient traités comme des citoyens inférieurs. Les indiens n’avaient pas des représentants dans le gouvernement. Ils ne pouvaient pas participer dans les décisions politiques. Gandhi s’oppose au gouvernement britannique et sa politique coloniale avec la politique de la résistance pacifique, non-violente. LIGNE DE TEMPS En 1891, Il a essayé de commencer un cabinet de droit mais il n’a pas réussi. Alors il a pris un emploi en Inde et il était envoyé en Afrique du Sud. Gandhi était extrêmement consternée par la discrimination qu’il a expérimentée comme un immigrant indien. Au tribunal, la juge a exigé qu’il retire son turban et Gandhi a refusé. En conséquence, il a été battu par un homme blanc. Ça c’est quand Gandhi a eu assez et il a réalisé que les personnes d’un couleur de peau différent étaient traité comme des inférieurs. En 1906, il a initié son mouvement Satyagraha contre le gouvernement Natal, qui était le gouvernement qui a essayé à établir une loi pour asservir les indiens qui habitent en Afrique de Sud. Le 11 septembre était la date de la réunion où les indiens discutaient comment ils pouvaient contester la loi. En 1914, Gandhi a conclu un accord avec le gouvernement Natal pour réduire la discrimination anti-indien. L’Inde était toujours sous contrôle...
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...period, but unlike Hitler, Lenin, and Zedong, his goal was the spreading of democracy using nonviolent tactics throughout his nation as well as across the world; this leader was Gandhi. Mahatma Gandhi was a rebel, who successfully gained a large following and much support without formulating any violent war plans, or issuing violent attacks on the opposition. According to many of his writings, nonviolence and morality are the keys to achieving unity. Various peoples, such as Muslims and Jews, have encountered various situations throughout history where Gandhi felt as if using tactics other than war would be considerably effective and beneficial to the overall goal of unity and liberty as long as a strong following aided in the process. Mahatma Gandhi: Selected Political Writing focuses on the different values that Gandhi practiced, as well as preached. Much of these values were critical during a time period when many nations were experiencing turmoil, and many people were not sure how and who to trust. The writings cast Gandhi as more than a spiritual leader, but also a political leader. Through his writings, it is evident that Gandhi had a negative view in regards to the way in which communism was being spread. This communism focused on economic inequality among the varying classes, and Gandhi sought to have this eliminated. Gandhi’s teachings were very important to his period and generation, due to the...
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...another.” -Arun Gandhi (Mohandas K. Gandhi’s grandson) Gandhi is a name that transcends country, state and continental borders. His messages and practices have created a legacy that impacts the world to this day. The method of nonviolence demonstrated in the Salt March shaped the Civil Rights Movement and continues to influence social change. How can one man ignite such vast empowerment within a population that had been oppressed by British rule for over seventy years? Mohandas Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in the village of Probandar. At the time, around two thirds of India was ruled by the British Empire, referred to as British Raj (BBC News). Probandar was a minority within India; it was a princely state meaning the land legally belonged to India, not Britain. Gandhi’s father, Karamchand, was a local politician who was accepting of different religions; he had Muslim, Parsee and Jains friends. His mother, Putlibai, an illiterate devout Hindu, took her religion very seriously and tried to instill such beliefs in Gandhi. Following Hindu tradition, Gandhi was set up by his parents to be married at the age of 13 (Singh). In 1885, Karamchand passed away causing Gandhi to become the head of the household. He was sent to England by his family at the age of 19 to study law and attain a job to support them. However, elders in his caste did not approve of such travels, believing Gandhi would lose sight of his beliefs and become westernized. Regardless, Gandhi chose to go and...
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...Mahatma Gandhi is one of the most famous Indians ever to have walked the planet. His campaigns of passive resistance and civil disobedience proved to be a great success; through his work, the less privileged people of the world have gained a higher quality of life. After successfully studying law at University College, London, Gandhi returned to India. He tried in vain to set up a law firm in Bombay in 1891, but soon found work as a legal advisor in Durban, South Africa. It must have been quite a culture shock for the young man on arriving in that country. Apartheid was thriving, so anybody who was not white was treated as inferior, second class citizens. Gandhi decided to do something about this problem though, and began his method of passive resistance and non-cooperation, drawing on the likes of Tolstoy and Jesus as his inspirations. It was by no means an easy ride. He regularly endured terms of imprisonment, and was harshly beaten several times. Twenty years of this type of campaigning paid off, when in 1914 the South African government made several concessions to the Indian people living there. After the First World War, Gandhi decided to concentrate on improving life in his native India. His ideology was well received and he soon had a healthy following that regularly practised passive resistance. The British government didn’t like the campaigning and deemed it to be revolutionary. Consequently, British troops massacred many innocent Indians at a demonstration...
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...Gandhi was considered one of the great sages and prophets. The Indian people called him the “Father of the Nation”. He was a political and spiritual leader of India and the Indian independence movement. He was the pioneer of Satyagraha- a philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance. Mahatma Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869, in Porbandar, a small state in western India. His birth name was Mahadmas Karamchad Gandhi, but many years later the Indian people named him Mahatma Gandhi, when they discovered they had a Mahatma in their midst. The word Mahatma means great soul. There is much that can be said about such a great leader like Gandhi. He had many skills that were needed to make a difference in the world. Perhaps the most important quality that he possessed was the attributes of knowledge and common sense. These attributes made him a very levelheaded man who knew how to treat his opponent with respect while stating the issue at hand. Gandhi achieved many accomplishments throughout his life. Overall, the most significant was that one man could make a difference within his own country that received worldwide recognition. One of the reasons why Gandhi was such a great leader, was one must possess a great deal of inner peace. He was very capable of doing so, and in return, the opposing side listened to what he had to say. The philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi is very different than those of Martin Luther King Jr. or Malcolm X. Gandhi took philosophy to a further level, which allowed...
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...Gandhi was a non-violent leader of Indian independence. He worked tirelessly to improve the rights for Indiana immigrants in South Africa. In South Africa is where he learned his passive resistance against injustice. When he returned to India, after being in South Africa, it was not long before he was in the forefront of the struggle for independence from Britain. He protested many of the injustices in British ruled India. His protest of the tax on salt landed him in jail, in 1930. Gandhi also protested the railroads, built by the British. He said they contributed to the greed and poverty of India. Making a select few rich and paying the large amount of laborers next to nothing. In 1906, Gandhi started his peaceful, non-violent revolution. Gandhi declared he would go to jail, or even die, before submitting to the British, ridiculous laws. Many times his peaceful demonstrations were met with violent resistance. Which reiterated the fact the British was oppressing the people of India. These demonstrations resulted in mass arrests of the protestors. Still, that did deter Gandhi and his followers from peacefully protesting British rule. Gandhi and his followers ended British rule over India. They did so without delivering a single blow. Their peaceful protests proved effective in the independence of India and liberating its people from oppression. Through Gandhi’s gentleness and determination, the people of India were freed. Many people considered him a saint...
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...Indira Gandhi Indira Priyadarshini Gandhi born 19 November 1917 and she died on 31 October 1984) she was the fourth Prime Minister of India and a central figure of the Indian National Congress party. Gandhi, who served from 1966 to 1977 and then again from 1980 until her assassination in 1984, is the second-longest-serving Prime Minister of India and the only woman to hold the office. Indira Gandhi was the only child of Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. She served as the Chief of Staff of her father's highly centralised administration between 1947 and 1964 and came to wield considerable unofficial influence in government. Elected Congress President in 1959, she was offered the premiership in succession to her father. Gandhi refused and instead chose to become a cabinet minister in the government. She finally consented to become Prime Minister in succession to Lal Bahadur Shastri in 1966. As Prime Minister, Gandhi became known for her political ruthlessness and unprecedented centralisation of power. She went to war with Pakistan in support of the independence movement and war of independence in East Pakistan, which resulted in an Indian victory and the creation of Bangladesh, as well as increasing India's influence to the point where it became the regional hegemon of South Asia. Gandhi also presided over a state of emergency from 1975 to 1977 during which she ruled by decree and made lasting changes to the constitution of India. She was assassinated in the aftermath of...
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...Gobierno de Rajiv gandhi Asía pacífico Introducción Rajiv Gandhi fue el sexto Primer Ministro de la India, de 1984 a 1989. Tomó el poder después del asesinato de la Primer Ministra Indira Gandhi, su madre, y se convirtió en el Primer Ministro más joven. Heredero de la poderosa familia de políticos Nehru – Gandhi, su abuelo Jawaharlal Nehru fue Primer ministro durante la mayor parte de la infancia de Rajiv. Para su educación superior, viajó a Gran Bretaña donde conoció y comenzó a slair con Antonia Maino, una mesera italiana. Regresó a la India en 1966 y se convirtió en piloto profesional para la linea aerea de la India. En 1968 contrajo matrimonio con Maino quien cambió su nombre a Sonia Gandhi y la pareja vivió en Delhi en una vida tranquila junto a sus hijos Rahul y Priyank. Aunque la mayor parte de los 70`s su madre fue Primer Ministra y su hermano Sanjay ejercia un poder significante en el gobierno, Rajiv se mantenía apolítico. Tras la muerte de Sanjay en un accidente aereo en 1980, Rajiv se metió del todo en la política para honrar a su madre. El siguiente año, se ganó el lugar que ocupaba su hermano y se convirtió en miembro del Lok Sabha. Como parte de su carrera política, Rajiv fue electo secretario general del congreso y obtuvo gran responsabilidad. La mañana del 32 de octubre de 1984, su madre fue asesinada, ese mismo día Rajiv fue nombrado Primer Ministro. Su liderazgo fue puesto a prueba durante los siguintes días debido a los movimientos que se llevaron a...
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...Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi Born October 2, 1869 Porbandar, Gujarat, British Indian Empire Died January 30, 1948 (aged 78) New Delhi, India Cause of death Shooting Nationality Indian Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (Hindi: मोहनदास करमचन्द गांधी; Gujarati: મોહનદાસ કરમચંદ ગાંધી; 2 October 1869 – 30 January 1948) was a leader of nationalism in British-ruled India. He is more commonly called Mahatma Gandhi;[1] mahatma is an honorific meaning "high-souled" or "venerable" in Sanskrit. He was first called this in 1914 in South Africa. He is also called Bapu in India (Gujarati endearment for "father", "papa"). He was the Martyr of the Nation since 1948. Rabindranath Tagore gave him this name.[2] Gandhi was one of the most important people involved in the movement for the independence of India. He was a non-violent activist, who led the independence movement through a non-violent protest. Early life Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, Gujarat, India.[3] Several members of his family worked for the government of the state. When Gandhi was 18 years old, he went to England to study law.[4] After he became a lawyer, he went to the British colony of South Africa where he experienced laws that said people with dark skin had fewer rights than people with light skin. He decided then to become a political activist, so he could help change these unfair laws. He created a powerful, non-violent movement. During Gandhi's life, India was a colony of the United Kingdom,...
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...Management & Behavior in Global Organizations Research Project Proposal – Leader Indira Gandhi September 19, 2013 Indira Gandhi was born on November 19, 1917 in the northern Indian city of Allahabad. Her parents were Jawaharlal Nehru (first Prime Minister of India) and Kamla Nehru. She learned politics at an early age by being her father’s assistant. Later, she made history by becoming the first woman Prime Minister of India. Today, she is well known around the globe for her accomplishments as the head leader of a third world democratic country. A pivotal event for Indira Gandhi as a leader was when she declared a state of emergency for India. State of emergency is a period when government may alter constitutional human rights if he or she perceives grave threats to nations internal and external sources or financial situations of crisis. A controversy indeed, that led to her resignation. However, three years later she regained her position as Prime Minister. Indira Gandhi’s leadership style was greatly influenced by her culture, which was struggling with overpopulation, low food production, financial difficulties and poor foreign relations. Her leadership style will be analyzed through different theories. Hofstede’s five cultural dimensions: power distance, uncertainty avoidance, individualism, masculinity, and long-term vs. short-term orientation will illustrate her leadership as Prime Minister. Max Weber’s traditional, rational legal and charismatic...
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