..."In the Philippines, the term gay has been used loosely to include homosexuals, bisexuals, transsexuals, crossdressers, and effeminate men. Filipino gays are mostly stereotyped as effeminate, crossdressers, hairdressers, camp and ridiculed. Bakla or Bading, a derogatory Filipino word for gay, is commonly used. Tibo or tomboy has a similar function, and refers to lesbians, usually of the butch and masculine type. A more benign slang word for gay men is billy boy. For Filipino gays, the Tagalog phrase "paglaladlad ng kapa" (literally means "unfurling of the cape") refers to the coming-out process. Although gays and lesbians are generally tolerated within Philippine society, there are still widespread cases of discrimination. Swardspeak is a vernacular language derived from Englog (English-Tagalog) and is used by a number of gay Filipinos. It uses elements from Tagalog, English, and Spanish, and some are from Nippongo, as well as celebrities' names and signature brands, giving them new meanings in the context of this unique language. A unique trait of swardspeak is that it immediately identifies the speaker as homosexual, making it easy for people of that orientation to signal to each other in a place where such tendencies are not easy to display (ie in the Philippines). This creates an exclusive world among its speakers and helps them to resist cultural assimilation. By using swardspeak, Filipino gay men are able to resist the dominant culture of their area and create...
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...Gay language Have you experienced being near two gays who were talking in quite a different language altogether? And were you not surprised that you could understand some of the words they were saying? Yes. It is gayspeak, that wonderful lingo, argot, or jargon, which Filipino gays in general seamlessly switch into when they are gathered together or most immediately when they are around other people in order perhaps to “cloak” their intimate conversations, the better to protect the “virgin” ears of those around them. Historically though, it is known as swardspeak, a word coinage in the 1970s attributed by Jose Javier Reyes to columnist and movie critic Nestor Torre. Reyes himself devoted a book on the subject titled Swardspeak: A Preliminary Study. No other term has replaced swardspeak in local usage since the 70s but Ronald Baytan (in his essay “Language, Sex, and Insults: Notes on Garcia and Remoto’s The Gay Dict”) opines that the term sward these days has become anachronistic, making it improper to call the language of the gay people as “swardspeak” preferring instead to term it gayspeak. Consciously or unconsciously, even straights or heterosexuals have peppered their vocabulary with words traceable to gayspeak. Mention the word anech (from “ano” or “what” in English with anesh, anik, anikla as varieties) to anyone in the metropolitan area and in all likelihood, the person being spoken to will reply as casually. There are also the familiar words chika, chuva, and lafang...
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...I INTRODUCTION Centuries ago, Philippine culture openly projected biased against the gays. Biases are often manifested even within the family in which the father, more specifically, would even disown a child who is a gay. And in this patriarchy world we live in, no wonder the gay language immerge as a shield, Gay speak or gay language in the Philippines is a form of verbal sublimation of gay people against the domineering power of patriarchy (Casabal,2008). It made evident then that during the times of our forefather, gays considered a cause of shame to the family (Daniels,2010). The language of gays known as gay speaks or gay language has now earned respect from the community and observably been infused in the mainstream language of the society. Language is evolving and with its changing nature, existing language needs to be documented for posterity reasons. Gay speak is not an exemption. It has to be analyzed especially its morphology (Lunzaga,2011). Gay language has achieved a higher degree of acceptance in the recent years in the Philippines. Both gays and non-gays can be heard uttering the gay expression. But the main role of the gay speak in the Philippines is to function as the “armour” or to shield themselves from the social stigma cause by gender differences (Casabal,2008). However, in today’s generation which recognizes changes in almost every aspect of the man’s life, gays are no longer treated as such. Instead, they received different treatment letting them...
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...Gay A: “Hoy Bakla, me Anda ka ba today?” Gay B: “Naku, Washington Sycip, Purita ang lolah mo ngayon.” Gay A: “Rampa sana aketch. Go Bingo ka mare?” Gay B: “Ay, Wishing!, Pagoda Cold Wave Lotion aketch!” Everyone who understood what these gays are saying, raise your hands! It is true. Gay lingo has really gone a long way since the start of the 21 st century. Thepropagation of this language and form of communication is unstoppable. A once not- so- secretlanguage used solely by gays is now infiltrating both worlds of the media and the academe. Itsexclusivity to gays, much to our diva’s dismay, is now broken and gay lingo is being used by every girl, closet gays, young and old, and even straight guys in town. Almost everyone could speak and use this once hard to break “code of communication”. Admitit that everyone could not escape the alluring and colorful language used by gays. Funny, witty,creative yet irreverent all at the same time was how people describe this language (Cayabyab). But before we continue discussing this language, let us first identify who and what are gays in thePhilippine society: Filipino gays are mostly stereotyped as effeminate, cross dressers, hair dressers, campand ridiculed. “Bakla”, a derogatory Filipino word for gay, is commonly used… A more benignslang word for gay men is billy boy. For Filipino gays, the Tagalog phrase “paglaladlad ng kapa”(literally means “unfurling the cape”) refers to the coming out process. Although...
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...Morphological Analysis of Gay Language Spoken Among Faculty of Goldenstate College, General Santos City School Year 2015 to 2016 Chapter 1 The Problem and It’s Setting This chapter presents the introduction of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives, and significance of the study, Locale and the operational definition of terms. Introduction Long ago, gays were not accepted in society, more specifically during the times of our forefathers, gays were not treated equally due to their gender. Gays were considered a caused of shamed to Family (Daniels, 2010) and the discrimination was highly rampant to them. However, in Today’s generation which recognizes changes in almost every aspect of man’s life, gays were already accepted in the society. Instead, they receive different treatment letting them realize they are unique and creative. With the acceptance of gays in the society, they established their own language known as gay speak. So time to time, gay language evolve and new words are created and others disappear. They construct their language through simple reversal, syllabic reversal, simple reversal with affixation, clipping with the affixation, straight words with affixation and connotation through images. The words or phrases currently used by gays, particularly in Gay Faculty of Goldenstate College, General Santos City may be short lived. According to Rafael 2010 gay language is the most unstable and malleable of all languages because it is not permanent;...
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...Have you experienced being near two gays who were talking in quite a different language altogether? And were you not surprised that you could understand some of the words they were saying? Yes. It is gayspeak, that wonderful lingo, argot, or jargon, which Filipino gays in general seamlessly switch into when they are gathered together or most immediately when they are around other people in order perhaps to “cloak” their intimate conversations, the better to protect the “virgin” ears of those around them. Historically though, it is known as swardspeak, a word coinage in the 1970s attributed by Jose Javier Reyes to columnist and movie critic Nestor Torre. Reyes himself devoted a book on the subject titled Swardspeak: A Preliminary Study. No other term has replaced swardspeak in local usage since the 70s but Ronald Baytan (in his essay “Language, Sex, and Insults: Notes on Garcia and Remoto’s The Gay Dict”) opines that the term sward these days has become anachronistic, making it improper to call the language of the gay people as “swardspeak” preferring instead to term it gayspeak. Consciously or unconsciously, even straights or heterosexuals have peppered their vocabulary with words traceable to gayspeak. Mention the word anech (from “ano” or “what” in English with anesh, anik, anikla as varieties) to anyone in the metropolitan area and in all likelihood, the person being spoken to will reply as casually. There are also the familiar words chika, chuva, and lafang. Thanks or no...
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...Abstract Gay language which is sometimes called as “gay lingo” has achieved a high degree of acceptance in these recent years in the Philippines. Both gays and non-gays can be heard uttering gay expressions. It’s also spreading widely in our country. The propagation of this language and form of communication is unstoppable. But the question is “What is the main reason for using this kind of language?” This study will try to know about the origin, variables, theories and the effect of this gay lingo in Filipinos. We will interrogate people who use gay language and know from them the sense of dealing with it. Introduction Bakla and Binabae are familiar words in Filipino street-talk. But what about baklush, badaf, baklers? These are just some of confusing words for the average of Filipino speakers. These are terms heard “only in the Philippines”. Gays have proven themselves in our society and they have exceled in several professions. Though, there are still widespread cases of discrimination. Looking back, gays are always facing unfair treatment of other people. They have become victims of condemnation—in school, office, churches and everywhere and these have been their daily battlegrounds. Because of this discrimination, it paved way to the creation of a code of communication which only gays could use; but because of its daily usage on parlors, comedy bars, sidewalks and other places where gays proliferate, people’s curiosity arose on what these words meant, eventually...
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...Language Structure Children who come from lower-class homes often use restricted code, which is a form of speech that is commonly used in informal situations. Middle- and upper-class children are more familiar with elaborated code, a form of language that is associated with formal situations. Elaborated code uses a large vocabulary, standard syntax and a high percentage of complete sentences. Restricted code, however, uses fewer words, abbreviated sentences and limited vocabulary. As a result, lower-class children who use restricted code often score lower on IQ tests and have difficulty with abstract concepts. Their lack of language skills interferes with their learning and contributes to the cycle of poverty. Vocabulary USA Today indicates that children who come from lower-income homes, whose mothers have low vocabulary skills, are at a permanent disadvantage in the classroom. Since they learn to speak at home, they are affected by their mother's lack of vocabulary. They do not read as quickly as their peers, and they often use non-standard English. This can lead to lifelong academic difficulties. These academic learning problems often result in low-paying, minimal-skill jobs when the child reaches adulthood. Second Language Acquisition Immigrants who are lacking in English language skills are at a serious disadvantage when it comes to social class and economic advancement. According to the Julian Samora Research Institute, an Urban Institute survey found that insufficient...
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..."Forget About It" (One, two, three!) You are a hand full of roses Thorns and a cheap bouquet True, I'm a walking disaster They told you to stay away Seems like I'm making A deal with the devil Who's whispering softly to me Are you sure that she's the one? 'Cause I feel Like a bad joke Walk the tight rope To hold on to you Was it real? Or a love scene, From a bad dream I don't think I can forget about it You are a shining example Of why I don't sleep at all T-t-t-too many sheep on the brain To make sense of a late night call Talking in circles and Chasing a tale of Love-drawn distant memory Am I sure that she's the one? 'Cause I feel Like a bad joke Walk the tight rope To hold on to you (Gotta know), Was it real? Or a love scene, From a bad dream I don't think I can forget about it (Gotta know, Was it real?) You know... There are some days where I really feel Like this could work; Like you and I are finally gonna get it right Then there are days like today When you make me Wanna tear my fucking hair out 'Cause I feel Like a bad joke (Like a bad joke) Walk the tight rope To hold on to you (Gotta know), Was it real? Or a love scene, From a bad dream I don't think I can forget about it I feel Just like a bad joke Woah~ Gotta know, Was it real? Waking up from a bad dream From a bad dream I don't think I can forget about it So just forget about it So just...
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...Analysis of the Gay Lingo: A Case Study CHAPTER ONE Introduction Philippines, being one of the most friendly countries towards homosexuality according to a survey “The Global Divide on Homosexuality” conducted by the US-based Pew Research Center last 2013. Being a country that widely accepts homosexuality, a lot of straight men and women that are homosexuals are loud and out. Although the LGBT (lesbians, gays, bisexuals and transgenders) are now accepted by the Philippine society, they have come a long way of struggle to gain their freedom and rights. Gays in particular, have been a great subject to social discrimination, taunts, ridicules and mockery. One of the ways the discriminated gays thought of was to come up with a code that only they will understand in order to hide from the prying eyes and ears of the society they move in. But because of the everyday and frequent use of the code in parlors, sidewalks, comedy bars and other places where gays frequently hang out. Since 1960’s where an evolution of the Filipino language sprouted called Taglish or Tagalog-English where one of its steady sources has been gay language, which has generated so many words and idioms that have been inserted in the mainstream of the everyday Taglish. As the gays started to be accepted by the society, the language grew gradually adding more and more terms from different sources. Gay language has also influenced the way the society converses and is empowering the gays more, giving them...
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...Gay Language in Cape Town: A study of Gayle – attitudes, history and usage AXL 5301W - Minor Dissertation by Kathryn Luyt, BA (Hons) Cape Town Student number: LYTKAT001 Minor Dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS BY COURSEWORK AND DISSERTATION LINGUISTICS SPECIALISATION in the Department of African and Gender Studies, Anthropology and Linguistics Faculty of Humanities UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN February 2014 Supervisor: Professor Rajend Mesthrie The financial assistance of the National Research Foundation (NRF) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the NRF. University of Cape Town The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or noncommercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town 1 MA in Linguistics Minor Dissertation PLAIGIARISM DECLARATION 1. I know that plagiarism is wrong. Plagiarism is to use another’s work and pretend that it is one’s own. 2. Each significant contribution to and quotation in this minor dissertation from the work(s) of other people, has been acknowledged through citation...
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...identity in language and sexuality research M A R Y B U C H O L T Z Department of Linguistics 3607 South Hall University of California, Santa Barbara Santa Barbara, CA 93106-3100 bucholtz@linguistics.ucsb.edu K I R A H A L L Department of Linguistics Campus Box 295 University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, CO 80309-0295 kira.hall@colorado.edu A B S T R A C T The field of language and sexuality has gained importance within socioculturally oriented linguistic scholarship. Much current work in this area emphasizes identity as one key aspect of sexuality. However, recent critiques of identity-based research advocate instead a desire-centered view of sexuality. Such an approach artificially restricts the scope of the field by overlooking the close relationship between identity and desire. This connection emerges clearly in queer linguistics, an approach to language and sexuality that incorporates insights from feminist, queer, and sociolinguistic theories to analyze sexuality as a broad sociocultural phenomenon. These intellectual approaches have shown that research on identity, sexual or otherwise, is most productive when the concept is understood as the outcome of intersubjectively negotiated practices and ideologies. To this end, an analytic framework for the semiotic study of social intersubjectivity is presented. (Sexuality, feminism, identity, desire, queer linguistics.)* I N T R O D U C T I O N Within the past decade the field of language and sexuality...
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...1.Alam niyo ba na ang mga lamok ay may ngipin din ! 2. Si Leonardo da Vinci ay isang dakilang siyentista, embalsamador, musikero, pintor, inhinyero, eskultor, imbentor at siya lang naman ang nag imbento ng "GUNTING" 3. Alam niyo ba na ang mga astronaut sa outer space ay walang kakayahang umiyak, wala kasing gravity, kaya walang lumalabas na luha sa kanilang mga mata. 4. Kilala niyo ba si Donald Duck? Alam niyo ba na bawal sa Finland ang komiks o anumang cartoon shows ni Donald Duck, at ang dahilan? Wala itong suot na brief! 5. Alam niyo ba noong hindi pa naimbento ang mga COLORED Television at kapanahunan pa ng BLACK and WHITE TV ( mga dekada 50's,60's,70's,80's ) , pati rin ang ating mga panaginip sa gabi ay BLACK and WHITE rin ! 6. Ang Pinakamahabang naitalang paglipad ng isang manok ay tinatayang may labing tatlong segundo ( 13 seconds ) ang itinagal sa ere. 7. Sa modernong panahon ngayon kung saan samo't - saring mga hightech na mga "Computer" ang nagsusulpotan, minsan niyo na bang naitanong sa sarili niyo kung ano ang kauna-unahang Modelo ng Computer? Ang kauna - unahang Computer ay tinawag na Z1 na inimbento ni Konrad Zuse noong 1936 at pagkalipas ng tatlong taon, naimbento rin ang Z2, ang kauna - unahang Computer na gumagamit ng Kuryente. Ito'y kasalukuyang matatagpuan isang Museum. 8. Bakit nga ba kulay dilaw (Yellow) ang lapis ? Noong 18th century, sa China matatagpuan ang pangunahing sangkap sa paggawa ng lapis (Graphite). Naisip ng mga Amerikanong Imbentor...
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...he English Language Proficiency Test (ELPT) was the name of a SAT II last administered in January 2005. It was a one-hour multiple choice test given on English language proficiency by the College Board. A student whose native language was not English could have chosen to take this test instead of or in addition to Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) for college entrance depending upon requirements of the schools in which the student was planning to apply. Until 1994, the SAT II's were known as Achievement Tests. The ELPT assessed both the understanding of spoken and written standard American English and the ability to function in a classroom where English is spoken. The test was intended for students whose best language was not English; who attend U.S. high schools, or who had studied in an international school where courses were taught in English; had completed two to four years of English language instruction in an English as a Second Language program or in English enrichment courses; and/or students who spoke a language other than English at home or work. It was scored on a scale of 901 to 999. Data gathering Procedure After the discussion for formulating survey questionnaire by the researchers, subsequently, it has been checked by our adviser, ______________________ then, the research instrument will come up validation process. It was validated by_____________________ of English department. Revision were suggested by the evaluators and it was all incorporated...
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...their cultural identity and heritage, and that to teach culturally diverse students effectively requires educational approaches that value and recognize their cultural backgrounds. In this way, multicultural education aims to improve the learning and success of all students, particularly students from cultural groups that have been historically underrepresented or that suffer from lower educational achievement and attainment. Instructionally, multicultural education may entail the use of texts, materials, references, and historical examples that are understandable to students from different cultural backgrounds or that reflect their particular cultural experience such as teaching students about historical figures who were female, disabled, or gay (a less common practice in past decades). Since schools in the United States have traditionally used texts, learning materials, and cultural examples...
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