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Gci - India, China

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A Short Report
On
EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS SUB INDEX (Comparison between INDIA and CHINA )

Submitted by P.Anila

INTRODUCTION

The Global Competitiveness Index (GCI) every year report will published by the World Economic Forum. The first report was released in 1979. The 2009-2010 report covers 133 major and emerging economies, down from 134 considered in the 2008-2009 report as Moldova was excluded due to lack of survey data.
Switzerland leads the ranking as the most competitive economy in the world, as the United States, which ranked first for several years, fell to fourth place due to the consequences of the financial crisis of 2007–2010 and its macroeconomic instability. China continues its relative rise in the rankings reaching 27th.
The report "assesses the ability of countries to provide high levels of prosperity to their citizens. This in turn depends on how productively a country uses available resources. Therefore, the Global Competitiveness Index measures the set of institutions, policies, and factors that set the sustainable current and medium-term levels of economic prosperity.
The WEF defines competitiveness as the set of institutions, policies, and factors that determine the level of productivity of a country. More competitive economies tend to be able to produce higher level of income for their citizens.
Global Competitiveness shows the ability of a country to compete with the rest of the world, It helps the countries/firms to gain consumers’ confidence by offering better quality of goods and services at lower prices, To gain maximum profits with minimum cost when there is strict global competition. In this process, innovation and creativity in the form of business sophistication are the vital tools.
Competitiveness has many components such as education and training (human capital), technological progress, macroeconomic stability, good governance, the rule of law, transparent and well-functioning institutions, demand conditions, market size and many others. The GCI (Global Competitiveness Index) captures this open-endedness by providing a weighted average of many different components each of which reflects one aspect of the complex reality that we call competitiveness.
All these have been grouped in 12 different pillars and have been called the 12 pillars of competitiveness. All these 12 different pillars of competitiveness are shown under the three board headings below, all the pillars are Mutually interdependent.
I.BASIC REQUIREMENTS (4 Pillars)
II.EFFICIENCY ENHANCERS SUB INDEX (6 pillars)
III. INNOVATION AND SOPHISTICATION FACTORS (2 pillars)
This report includes the “Global Competitiveness index” comparison between two countries i.e. INDIA and CHINA. The report mainly focused on the Efficiency Enhancers Sub Index among six categories and data collected is for three years and the average growth/decline is considered for the study.
These index having the following six variables. They are, 1. Higher education and training 2. Goods market efficiency 3. Labor market efficiency 4. Financial market development 5. Technological readiness 6. Market size.

METHODOLOGY

Objectives of the study * To compare the efficiency enhancer sub index between China and India. * To examine the global ranking of efficiency enhancer sub index.

Period of study * Recent three years -2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010-11 are taken into consideration.
Source of data * The Global Competitiveness Report’2008-09,2009-10,2010-11 published by World Economic Forum.
Techniques
* 3 years averages and bar diagrams are used to analyze the data at various levels.

Efficiency enhancers sub index

A.01.Higher education and training

Figure (1) Higher education and training | CHINA | INDIA | A.Efficiency enhancers subindex | 4.53 | 4.47 | A.01.Higher education and training | 4.12 | 3.95 | A.01.01 A .Quantity of education | 3.57 | 2.83 | 1.01.secondary education enrollment rate | 76.31 | 55.2 | 1.02.Teritiary education enrollment rate | 22.38 | 12.3 | A.01.01 B.Quality of education | 4.48 | 4.55 | 1.03.Qualty of educational system | 3.86 | 4.32 | 1.04.Qualty of math and science education | 4.77 | 4.95 | 1.05.Qualty of management schools | 4.03 | 5.29 | 1.06.Internet access in schools | 5.26 | 3.64 | A.01.03 C. on the job training | 4.32 | 4.49 | 1.07.local availability of research and training services | 4.41 | 4.57 | 1.08. Extent of staff training | 4.23 | 4.4 |

Table (1): shows higher education and training

A.02. Goods market efficiency

Figure (4) represents goods market efficiency | CHINA | INDIA | A.02.Goods market efficiency | 4.45 | 4.35 | A.02.01 A. Competition | 4.36 | 4.33 | I.Domestic competition | 2.94 | 2.86 | 2.01.Intensity of local competition | 5.65 | 5.58 | 2.02. Extent of market dominance | 4.7 | 4.92 | 2.03.Effectiveness of anti-monoploy policy | 4.2 | 4.83 | 2.04. Extent and effect of taxation | 4.05 | 4.14 | 2.05. Total tax rate | 72.53 | 68.9 | 2.06.Number of procedures to start a business | 9.33 | 8.66 | 2.07.Time required to start a business | 37.3 | 31 | 2.08.Agricultural ploicy costs | 5.08 | 3.72 | II. Foreign competition | 4.12 | 4.05 | 2.09.Prevalence of trade barriers | 4.57 | 4.42 | 2.10.Trade tariffs | 4.43 | 4.8 | 2.11.Prevalence of foreign ownership | 4.36 | 4.92 | 2.12.Business impact of rules on FDI | 5.46 | 5.2 | 2.13.Burden of customs procedures | 4.52 | 3.87 | A.02.02 B.Quality of demand conditions | 4.61 | 4.403 | 2.14.Degree of customer orientation | 4.54 | 4.79 | 2.15.Buyer shopistication | 4.68 | 4 |
Table (4) represents goods market efficiency
A.03.Labour market efficiency

Figure (6) represents labor market efficiency

| CHINA | INDIA | A.03.Labour market efficiency | 4.64 | 4.19 | A.03.01.A Flexibility | 4.23 | 4.54 | 3.01.Coperation in Labour-employer relations | 1.48 | 1.52 | 3.02 Flexibility of wage determination | 5.27 | 5.28 | 3.03 Rigidity of employment | 27.3 | 30 | 3.04 Hiring and firing practices | 3.96 | 3.37 | 3.05 Redundancy costs | 30.3 | 18.6 | A.03.02 B.Efficient use of talent | 5.06 | 3.83 | 3.06 Pay andproductivity | 4.94 | 4.24 | 3.07 Reliance on professional management | 4.86 | 5.14 | 3.08 Brain drain | 4.23 | 4.07 | 3.09 Female participation in labour force | 0.89 | 0.42 |

Table (6) shows labor market efficiency

4. A. Financial market development

Figure (8) represents financial market development | CHINA | INDIA | A.04 Financial market development | 1.42 | 1.65 | A.04.01 A Efficiency | 3.6 | 4.42 | 4.01 Availability of financial services | 1.54 | 1.7 | 4.02 Affordability of financial services | 1.56 | 1.6 | 4.03 Financing through local equity market | 3.95 | 5.05 | 4.04 Ease of access to loans | 2.75 | 3.6 | 4.05 Venture capital availability | 3.28 | 3.61 | 4.06 Restriction on capital flows | 3.25 | 4.38 | A.08.02 B Trustworthiness and confidence | 4.38 | 5.59 | 4.07 Soundness of banks | 5.12 | 5.89 | 4.08 Regulation of securities exchange | 4.01 | 5.49 | 4.09 Legal rights index | 5 | 7.3 |

Table (8) represents financial market development

5. A.05 Technological readiness

Figure (10) represents technological readiness | CHINA | INDIA | A.05 Technological readiness | 3.33 | 3.31 | A.05.01 Technological adoption | 1.54 | 1.78 | 5.01 Availability of latest technologies | 4.31 | 5.42 | 5.02 Firm level technology absorption | 5.08 | 5.43 | 5.03 FDI and technology transfer | 4.66 | 5.28 | A.50.02 ICT use | 0.75 | 0.43 | 5.04 Internet users | 20.39 | 7.59 | 5.05 Broadband internet subscription | 5.93 | 0.43 | 5.06 Internet bandwidth | 2.14 | 0.1 |

Table (10) represents technological readiness

6. A.Market size

Figure (12) represents market size

| CHINA | INDIA | A. 6.Market size | 6.64 | 6.04 | A. 6.01. A Domestic market size | 6.51 | 5.99 | 6.01 Domestic market size index | 6.51 | 5.99 | A. 6.02 B. Foreign market size | 7 | 6.17 | 6.02 Foreign market size index | 7 | 6.17 |

Table (12) represents market size

CONCLUSIONS:
In this study, we have utilized the one most recognized and important report global competitiveness index reports of 2008-2011.

Figure (13) - represents ranking of efficiency enhancers sub index from 2008-2011
The above fig represent ranking of efficiency enhancer sub index of India and China from 2008-09, 2009-10, 2010-11.
One part of the report is the Executive Opinion Survey which is a survey of a representative sample of business leaders in their respective countries. Respondent numbers have increased every year and are currently just over 13,500 in 139 countries (2010).
By comparing all the three years of data lot of changes occur in 2010-2011.i.e. many things added in this year only.

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