...Lebanon vs. Egypt Economies of Emerging Nations Dr. Yiheyis | Clark Atlanta University Submitted By: Quincy Williams December 2,2014 Lebanon vs. Egypt In this paper I will compare and contrast the countries of Egypt and Lebanon. I will explore both of the country’s economic history starting in 1980. The basis of this paper will be on the country’s global development indicators and what they tell us about that particular country. The majority of the research done in this paper was done through the world-bank website as well as the economy watch website. First I would like to provide some background on Lebanon. Lebanon is a Middle Eastern country in the west of the Asian continent that shares its borders with Syria, Israel and Mediterranean Sea. Most of Lebanon’s land is mountainous. However, the Beqaa valley, with its fertile soil, remains the source for agricultural products. Lebanon has an area of 10,452 square km and population of 4,224,000. The Lebanese economy is noted for its resilience, having withstood wars and invasions with Israel as well as internal sectarian clashes and at times dominating influence from Syria. It is this resilience that helped Lebanon achieve 9% growth during the Great Financial Crisis. The growth was nurtured by controlled banking regulations that restricted credit and therefore, its impact during the recession. As of 2011, the World Bank classified the middle class in Lebanon as those people who earn between $15,000 and $27,000 annually. But...
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...Comparison on economic performance of Egypt and USA History/Background Egypt is the 29th biggest country in the world, covering a total area of 1,002,450 sq. km. It is a country in the Middle East which linked with the northeast Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea, at a crossroad between Africa, Asia and Europe. It is bordered to the east by the Red Sea, Palestine and Israel to the north-east, Libya to the west, and Sudan to the south. The country is divided into 4 main geological areas which is the Nile Valley and Delta, Western Desert, Eastern Desert, and Sinai Peninsula. On the other hand, United States is the 4th biggest country in the world. The U.S. is a country of 50 states covering a vast swath of North America, with Alaska in the extreme Northwest and Hawaii extending the nation’s presence into the Pacific Ocean. Major cities include New York, a global finance and culture center, and Washington, DC, the capital, both on the Atlantic Coast; Los Angeles, famed for filmmaking, on the Pacific Coast; and the Midwestern metropolis Chicago. Population The population of Egypt is estimated at 85 million as of October 2015. Egypt's population is equivalent to 1.16% of the total world population (7.3 billion people). Egypt ranks number 15 in the list of countries by population. While the total population in United States is estimated at 325.8 million people as of October 2015 and it represent 4.46% of the total world population which arguably means that one person...
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...Independent Report on Clinical Laboratory Testing Services Market for an Initial Public Offering (IPO) in Egypt A Frost & Sullivan Report 2014 1|P age Disclaimer © November 2014 Frost & Sullivan The market research process for this study has been undertaken through detailed primary and secondary research, which involves discussing the status of the industry with leading industry participants and experts, and compiling inputs from publicly available sources, including official publications and research reports. The Expert Opinion Consensus Methodology has been used for the report. Quantitative market information is based primarily on such interviews and desk-based secondary research; therefore, making it subject to fluctuation. Frost & Sullivan has taken all reasonable care to insure that the information contained in this report is, to the best of its knowledge, in accordance with the facts and contains no omission likely to affect its import. In making any decision regarding the transaction, the recipient should conduct its own investigation and analysis of all facts and information contained in the prospectus of which this report is a part and the recipient must rely on its own examination and the terms of the transaction, as and when discussed. The recipient should not construe any of the contents in this report as advice relating to business, financial, legal, taxation or investment matters and are advised to consult their own business, financial, legal, taxation...
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...investment, in order to push up GDP growth. Under Mubarak, privatization continued and a tourism infrastructure was developed. By 2009, according to World Bank’s Doing Business Project, Egypt’s ranking in the ease of doing business had risen to 106 out of 183 countries, up from its 2008 ranking of 116, making it a World Bank “top ten reformer.” In addition, Egypt had made substantial progress in opening up its economy to global trade, with its rank in the Global Competitiveness Report 2009-2010, published by the World Economic Forum, moving up by 11 positions to 70 out of 133 countries. Despite its rise in the rankings, Egypt still has a relatively low level of openness, with exports/GDP at 25%. (Deutsche Bank, 9 Feb. 2010) As a result of its low level of integration with world markets, Egypt was not hit by the global recession to the extent that more “linked” economies were. However, this also means it is less likely to benefit from the recovery in global trade. Prior to the global recession, Egypt had hit its 7% official GDP growth target for 2 years in a row, with 2007 and 2008 growth at 7.1% and 7.2% respectively. This rate of growth had enabled it to reduce unemployment from 10.9% in 2005-06 to 8.1% in 2007-08. In 2008-09, however, unemployment rose to 8.8% and GDP growth slowed to 4.7%. (Figure 1) Although these numbers are not so bad compared to many Western countries, it could still potentially present some big issues for Egypt down the road because it is a country...
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...Orascom Telecom Case Course: MKTG36048 Date: January 24th, 2012 Sheridan College Executive Summary With Orascom’s Algerian office being attacked and its failure to enter the Indian market, they have a real problem assessing risks in internationalization. The company has done really well locally becoming the market leader within Egypt by owning 43.6% of market share within the telecom industry. Algeria showed the right signs for entry as its GDP increased at a rate of 3.8% per year. There was also very little competition in Algeria since there was only one telecom company available. However there were country risks that were not assessed. This resulted in Orascoms office in Algeria to be attacked by angry soccer fans. India took on new liberalized laws that would open the telecom industry to the private sector and reduce tariffs. The telecom sector was projected to make $43 billion in revenues. This shows that there were investments to be made in the industry as there were millions of new subscribers every year. However, Orascom failed to capitalize on the huge Indian market as it failed in the Indian market within in a short amount of time of entering. If Orascom follows the recommendation of improving its strategic planning, then the risks of internationalization will be minimized and this will result in the company being very successful entering foreign markets. Table of Contents Introduction 4 Environmental Analysis 5 SWOT Analysis 10 Problem Statement...
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...Egypt I- Government: A- Egypt has many constitutions like the U.S., Egypt is a monarchy and in the year 1952 Egypt became a republic just like the U.S. B- The Egyptian constitution proclaims Arabs republic of Egypt to be a democratic state with Islam C- The government is a strong executive, dominates with the Egyptian political system D- Their president is nominated by the national legislatures and serves for a six year term. II- Military,Wars and Battles: A- The military in Egypt is of modern state. In the past they used to fight off invasions of their land B- Egyptians also attacked their neighbors in the past like, the Levant (modern Israel C- They maintains a large military, consisting of army, navy, air force, and the air force command D- About 450,000...
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...Issues in Egypt 1. Introduction Arid and semi-arid are characterized by low erratic rainfall of up to 700mm per annum, periodic droughts and different associations of vegetative cover and soils(IISD,2010). The world’s semi-arid and arid regions are located mainly in North Africa and the Middle East, as well as south Asia. This feasibility report are going to compare two provisions for water supply in Egypt and also recommend the best method of water provision. Egypt has been suffering from severe water scarcity in recent years like Uneven water distribution, misuse of water resources and inefficient irrigation techniques(Amir,2014). The government of Egypt must look to alternative and sustainable methods to secure their water supplies. There are two options- a: find a new water resource - groundwater extraction. b.develop water-saving supply programme - Aswan Dam. 2. Background Generally, the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Egypt was worth 271.97 billion US dollars in 2014. The GDP value of Egypt represents 0.44 percent of the world economy(Trading, 2015). Move onto the geographical and natural environment, Egypt is one of top ten countries at risk of water shortages due to these following reasons: Egypt is bordered by Libya to the west, the Sudan to the south, nevertheless, part from the Nile Valley, the majority of Egypt's landscape is desert. In addition, Egypt has an unusually...
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...The Egyptian people were one of the first people to practice agriculture. The Egyptians were far ahead of other people or areas in the world in agriculture. Since then, Egypt has decreased its advantage in agriculture it had. In Egypt, agriculture is an important economic issue. All of the conditions of the economic structure are related to agriculture. Agriculture accounts for 14.5% of the GDP in Egypt. Egypt still continues to use the Nile River for irrigation to grow many of its crops. Egypt grows cotton, rice, corn, wheat, beans, fruits, and vegetables. Cotton has been one of the most important crops in the history of Egypt. It used to be their main export, but it declined because of the inconsistency of their state policies. Some of...
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...Egypt is home to the largest Middle Eastern population and is also the home of a large young population. With this significant young and skilled labor workforce, and high GDP growth potential, Egypt appears to have substantial opportunities for businesses. But with current political revolution and the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak, how will Egypt’s economy be affected, and how should businesses respond? What industries and businesses are best to invest in? Section 1: Business Opportunities Although Egypt has a stable currency, low external debt, and a stable banking sector, the political instability and corruption from the past has hurt the current Egyptian economy. According to the Associated Press, “About 40 percent of Egypt's population of 80 million people lives on or below the World Bank's 2 dollars per day poverty benchmark. Corruption is rife and Egyptians have accused Mubarak's business friends and fellow power brokers of robbing the country blind for years through the privatization process, sweetheart business deals, cut-rate prices for state lands and other kickbacks that came with the trappings of power (What the Future Holds for the Egyptian Economy). Certain industries, in particular tourism, have been beaten by the affects of protests as foreigners fled the country. But, with Mubarak’s resignation, “businesses and consumers” should be convinced “that the turmoil of the past few years is over and that it is once again safe to invest, spend, hire and...
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...The Index The Index | 1 | The Introduction | 2 | Financial Subprime Mortgage Crisis Causes | 3 | Introduction & Background to the Situation of the Egyptian Economy prior to the Global Financial crisis | 10 | Financial Subprime Mortgage Crisis Impacts on Egypt | 13 | The Egyptian Economy & the crisis | 21 | The Conclusion & Solutions | 23 | The References | 27 | The Introduction In the second half of 2008, the world economy went through a serious financial upheaval that sparked off in the United States and spread to Europe and the rest of the world. The negative consequences of this financial crisis had bitten the Egyptian economy in many fields. Egypt’s growth rate witnessed setbacks and may have posted its slowest annual growth in half a decade in 2008–2009 as the global crisis hit revenue from tourism, migrant labor remittances, the Suez Canal, export revenues, and investment. The severity of the crisis and its uncertainties demonstrated the need for urgent action to restore financial stability, lead the economic recovery and secure a sustainable future for the country. This paper therefore critically discusses the current global financial crisis and its impact on Egypt. It presents an overview of the Egyptian economy prior to the crisis, followed by an assessment of the depth and impact of the crisis on sectors of the Egyptian economy. Additionally, the paper highlights the actions taken by the Egyptian government to weather the effects...
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...South Koreans use the term ‘the Miracle at the Han River’ to describe their economic growth since the Korean War. In the 1960s, South Korea’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita equalled that of poorer countries in Africa and Asia. Today, it’s GDP at official exchange rate (OER) is US $1.151 trillion, ranking it as the world’s 12th largest economy; its unemployment sits at 3.2%; and, its Human Development (HDI)[1] ranks 12th in the world (US 2013). Indeed, why wouldn’t such a growth trajectory take on a supernatural descriptor? What’s more, in the 1960s few could have predicted such an ascent given that the Republic of Korea (ROK) lacked an abundance of natural resources, land mass or population size – frequently used indicators to forecast power potential (Organski 1968, 340). This has led researchers to question why South Korea was able to grow at such a remarkable pace, while other potential risers were not. For instance, Egypt, with a larger abundance of profitable natural resources, a larger land mass and nearly twice the population size, has had sluggish growth during that same time. Egypt’s GDP (OER) is US $255 billion; its unemployment is 12.5% or 130th in the world; and, its HDI ranking is 112th. Immanuel Wallerstein’s World System Analysis[2] provides a theoretical framework to consider such growth and development inequalities. He argues an essential organizing characteristic of the modern capitalist world economy is the division of labour. Wallerstein argues systemic...
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...MBA 7592 Current Event Paper: Arab Spring 07 December 2014 Wilmington University Abstract What is most interesting about what began in the smallest country in Northern Africa is that it had escalated to the most sweeping movement that changed the face of the Middle East for years to come. The Arab spring began to wield its head around December of 2010 in Tunisia but was truly set off once Mohamed Bouazizi a local vendor was humiliated in public by a police officer and was not permitted to sell his fruits (Staff, 2011). This has proven to be a normal practice in Tunisia, in a country where most of its population is college educated. They are unlike other Arab nations in neighboring areas; the majorities of all Tunisians are educated and have been education abroad. This was a wide spread practice across the region with regard to the inhabitants of these countries, the cruel and unjust treatment from these authoritarian leaders, corrupted law enforcement, and suppression of their religious leaders by their very own law enforcement agents. Being able to witness this first hand, observing the way of life within the region and oppressive living conditions they are subjected too, while their monarchs, military and state leaders live a very lavish life. While reviewing why the Arab spring happened, the impact it has had in the Middle East and on its economic system, we will analyze the outcome and the overall consequence it will have on the region. We will also touch on the...
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... |Tanzania |Uganda | |GNI |$60.27 Billion |$52.05 Billion |$36.08 Billion | |GNI per capita in PPP dollars |$1,550 |$1,260 |$1,140 | |GDP |$1,600 |$1,400 |$1,200 | |GDP Growth Rate |2.6% |6% |5.3% | |HDI |0.470 |0.398 |0.422 | |Inflation Rate |9.3% |21.4% |13.1% | |Public Debt |66.7% of GDP |21.4% of GDP |19.7% of GDP...
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...Domestic Product (GDP) through reading newspaper articles, watching the media interview distinguished economists, or hearing the President address the nation on television. But what exactly does the GDP of a country measure and how can it be increased? The Gross Domestic Product is the primary indicator of the health of a country’s economy. Representing the total dollar value of all goods and services produced in a country during a given time, it is a way to define a country and is a standard to measuring the world’s economies. A country with a high GDP is said to be a well established, and most likely a developed, nation as their value of goods and services exceed the average markets worldwide. As one can imagine, economic production and growth has a large impact on nearly everyone within that economy. One approach to calculating GDP is to add up all of the income generated by employees, profits for companies, and taxes. Oil production and trade is a large part of the equation in that energy independence or dependence affects a country’s overall economic plan and trade deficit. To be a nation that exports oil means to have a certain level of independence and a way to generate revenue for the country. This study focuses on the effect of natural resources exports, in this case oil, on economic performance for the Middle East and North African countries. The objective is to examine the impact of oil exports and whether there is an association with a nation’s GDP (why). Since most...
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...THE GROWTH EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL LIBERALISATION PROGRAMME IN EGYPT: DEVELOPMENTS AND DRAWBACKS (Key Words: financial liberalisation, economic growth, Egypt) DR. Ayman M. Ebrahim Faculty of Commerce and Business Administration Helwan University Ein Helwan , Cairo E-mail: ahendy@ksu.edu.sa hendyayman@hotmail.com ABSTRACT The paper begins with a review of theory and recent empirical evidence relating to financial liberalisation and economic development. Among the countries that underwent financial liberalisation programmes in the 1990s, Egypt appears to have performed well. Although the internal and external shock to the economy and the associated drawbacks in the financial liberalisation programme, over the past decade, which brought the experience of financial liberalisation, the Egyptian economic performance improved. Its aggregate growth rate was positive and macroeconomic variables moved in a favourable direction in accordance with the predictions of the financial liberalisation paradigm. The econometric test specification follows the nonlinear least-squares estimations methodology to test the co-movement of the underlying variables. INTRODUCTION The financial liberalisation paradigm encourages nominal interest rate liberalisation, the reduction or abolition of reserve requirements, the elimination of inflationary finance, the removal of other forms of taxation on...
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