...quality education. According to the outcome report of UNESCO‐IIEP in Paris, France entitled “Gender Equality in Education: Looking beyond Parity An IIEP Evidence‐Based Policy Forum Globally”, some 39 million girls of lower secondary age are currently not enrolled in either primary or secondary education, while two‐thirds of the world’s 796 million illiterate adults are women. Only about one‐third of countries have achieved gender parity at secondary level. The evidence shows that something needs to change. Legal Basis: 1. Batas Pambansa Bilang 232 entitled “An Act Providing for the Establishment and Maintenance of an Integrated System of Education” - General Provision, Chapter 2, Section 3 Goal 2. “To ensure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth” - (statement) “Promote and safeguard the welfare and interest of the students by defining their rights and obligations, according them privileges, and encouraging the establishment of sound relationships between them and the other members of the school community” - (statement) “The State shall promote the right of every individual to relevant quality education, regardless of sex, age, creed, socio-economic status, physical and mental conditions, racial or ethnic origin, political or other affiliation. The State shall therefore promote and maintain equality of access to education as well as the enjoyment of the benefits of education by all its citizens”...
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...The concept of gender has become a debatable issue in the contemporary society and an important dimension in the design and analysis of social and economic development policies. These development concerns have brought about gender issues at the forefront of national and international agenda. During the 1990's, the gender issue continued to follow the historical trend by being one of the most popular themes of debates. The Human Development Report, (1995) posits that the number of women is greater than or equal to that of men, in today's society, yet females are still considered as a minority segment of the population. As a measure to redress gender inequalities, approaches by feminist movements, such as Women in Development (WID), were crafted but not much was achieved. Later, it was Women and Development (WAD) and lastly Gender and Development (GAD). It seems deep-rooted gender inequality still exists globally, despite substantial national and international measures that have been taken towards gender equality. This essay deliberates on the assertion that, “Gender equality is debatable: what is undebatable is the attempt to make it universally applicable.” The writer agrees to a greater extent that gender equality is a controversial issue basing on the multiplicity of societies that it is applied to. The fact that there is no universal culture, universal religion or universal ideology makes the whole issue arguable, ence, the need to degenderise gender. Definition...
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...ASSESS THE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION ON GENDER EQUALITY IN THE PHIILIPPINES Our world today is fast changing than ever and one of the greatest change we are experiencing is related to globalization. “The term globalization is widely used to describe a variety of economic, cultural, social and political change that have shaped the world over the last fifty (50) years (Guttal, 2010).” It is treated to be the product of fast phasing technological change, societal and economic progress. Song (2006) likewise claims that globalisation “encompasses myriad fluid networks of increased human communication and interaction, global consciousness, system of interdependence and societal restructuring with far reaching consequences” (Song 2006, cited by Metcalfe and Reese, 2010). But when doesglobalisation begun in the Philippines? Does it come during the Spaniard colonization, the American occupation or probably during the arrival in Manila of thosestately galleons from Mexico. According to O’Rourke and Williamson, globalisation existed even during the time of Columbus, but its dramatic change in almost all parts of the world has been felt only during the dawn of the nineteenth century (O'Rourke& Williamson,2004). As globalization progresses in the Philippines, it had brought both positive and negative impacts specifically on women. Women has always been considered in the context of globalization, since they are the ones who always suffers itsnegative impact. Hence...
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...Making gender equality a reality The history of the world serves as a testimony that, in the days of yore, men were considered as the bread-winners and women as the nest-builders. As far as women were concerned, they were entrusted the responsibility to transform the brick-made house into a love-made home. The men had only to support the family financially. In fact, the women were stigmatised as homely-made furniture in the eyes of men. Unfortunately, this patriarchal trend still prevails in this so-called revolutionized world, where women are, once again, characterized as inferior. If the world has really undergone a revolution, then why this corrupt attitude towards women has not yet changed? However, the law has as its main motive to preserve and promote human rights, and gender equality is the crux of those rights. Gender equality does not only stand as a process of equal valuing of the roles of women and men, but more precisely, as a practice to overcome the obstacles of prejudices so that both sexes are subject to the economic, social, cultural and political developments of the society. It simply aims at equal perception, equal empowerment and equal responsibility in all spheres of life. One can be surely flabbergasted to acknowledge that achieving gender equality necessitates the presence of men; those men, because of whom, the word gender...
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...Education and Gender Equality within Millennium Development Goals: KSA & China Name: Institution: Course: Date: Declaration I hereby declare that this is my work and nothing has been plagiarized. Every aspect of this work has been appropriately referenced using the APA referencing format. Executive Summary Table of Contents Contents of the report with page numbers, list of tables, and list of figures. Introduction to the Research Topic Education and gender equality are critical components of societal progress and development. They reflect basic rights that require no economic justification. This notion is reflected in the inclusion of gender related developmental and propagative objectives in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Yet it is also a case that education and gender equality has broad and positive implications for economic as well as social development to any nation. A significant decline in child illiteracy and maternal mortality remains somewhat elusive and thus the Millennium Developmental Goals initiative that has been deemed to reduce child illiteracy and promote gender equality coupled with the establishment of women empowerment within all regions of the world is poised with inconsistent progress rates within some certain countries. To deliver such Millennium Development goals and MDG3 and its supporting targets which promotes specifically gender equality and empowers women, it will be critical to elevate...
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...Gender, equality, poverty and economic growth Gender equality in third world countries still remains poor in comparison to other well-developed countries. Third World Countries with religious subjectivity, rural factors and civic liberties are contributing to a gender gap in education and income possibilities of women in these countries (Sen, 2009). What these countries must realize is that women are the key to the global economic recovery of their countries. Unlocking the potential of women by narrowing the gender gap is the key to developing a Third World Countries economic efficiency. More and more women in third world countries are realizing that education is a key development in their lives, households and economies. Many of the women feel that gender equality when it comes to education is important in its own right (Sen, 2009). One of those women who advocate this education equality principle is Nobel Peace Prize winner and Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sir Leaf who strongly believes that education should be a right for both men and women. When asked about public resources in Liberia she went onto explain that her country is learning that changes in educational policies must occur in order to facilitate economic growth in their country. She stated that, “policies reflect equal opportunity, equity and allocation of public resources is not directed toward an elitist group and favorite few.” She claims that education should be a right of passage for everyone...
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...According to the World Bank, gender equality enhances economic development, improves prospects for future generations and strengthens political and social systems. Though women now comprise more than 40 percent of the world’s labor force, they still lag behind men in terms of earnings and productivity. Women also face greater obstacles when it comes to participation in social and political institutions. Particularly in developing nations, the gender gap hinders economic and social development and destabilizes the political environment. In it’s 2012 World Development Report: Gender Equality and Development, the World Bank suggests four priority areas for improving gender equality. The first is reducing gender gaps in human capital, specifically female mortality and education. Second, improving female access to education and economic opportunities. Third, addressing women’s under-representation in communities and political systems. Finally, understanding how gender inequality applies across generations. These four priority areas help policymakers understand and address problems associated with the gender gap. Many factors are helping alleviate the gender gap and promote gender equality in developing nations. Globalization and increased access to information are providing women with stronger connections to markets and economic opportunities. These factors also contribute to increasing knowledge about women’s roles in other cultures throughout the world. Perhaps most importantly...
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...Gender Equality “Gender equality is achieved when people are able to access and enjoy the same rewards, resources and opportunities regardless of whether they are a woman or a man.” (About workplace gender equality). It is not up for debate whether women are discriminated against in the workplace it is obvious. According to Mary Ellen Spigel, in 1998 women made 73 cents to the dollar paid to men. Even today there is still a pay gap between men and women because women are not given the same job opportunities as men. Todd P. revealed that one of the reasons for the pay gap is a lack of permanent part time jobs and flexible working arrangements, restricts the ability to combine quality employment and family care responsibilities. Meaning women with children or other caring responsibilities are less able to participate in the paid workforce. (1). It is unfair that just because women have family responsibilities that they do not receive the same career opportunities as men, even though they have just as much education and experience. As stated by Cindy Hsu, since 1980, there have been more women enrolled in institutions of higher education than men. (1). Women receive more of the honors degrees at many universities compared to men however; gender equality goes downhill once women enter the job market. (Hsu, 1). A woman earns only eighty cents for every dollar a man earns, even though women are performing better in school than men are. Yet, in our society, women still lag behind men...
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...Gender Equality Women have faced major discrimination when it comes to work and sometimes in education. Women decades ago had a wide range of opportunities denied to them due to their sex. Women have always been looked upon as the weaker sex and men as stronger and as the rulers. Women years ago were not seen as individuals, they were basically their husband’s slaves. Women were the ones to stay home, make dinner for their cranky and tired husband, look after their children, clean the house and answer to their husband. It was pretty safe to say that women were never the ones that over ruled this society, but “there have been huge changes…” (182) in gender equality. Gender equality has changed dramatically over the years and the shift toward gender equality will continue over the next years to come. It all started in the 19th century something important was born and it was the birth of the women's rights movement. Women were tired of being the “caregiver[s]” (Gender Roles Within American Marriage) while the men were the “breadwinners” (Gender Roles Within American Marriage). Women had to do change things around because they could not live the same life they were living. Many of the “women were suffering under the dominance of men in their lives” (Gender Roles Within American Marriage). It was time for women to fight for “gender equality in family and society economics, social, cultural, and educational fields” (Gender Roles Within American Marriage). It was not easy for...
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...Gender equality has three aspects: equal opportunities, equal treatment and equal entitlements for both, men and women. It is directly linked with human development. The author says that patriarchy thrives on control of women’s sexuality, fertility and labour for male hegemony over economic resources. Economic institutions and policy can exacerbate existing gender inequalities instead of mitigating them. Laws and policies too play a significant role in determining the extent of gender inequality that exists in a society. They can serve to protect women’s rights or to reduce them. For example, in many countries, women still lack the legal right to inherit or own property and, in many others, violence against women is not considered a criminal offense. The paper argues that without transformations in economic relations or the implementation and enforcement of legal rights and protection, gender equality and the empowerment of women can remain an elusive goal. Women’s Studies have challenged the conventional indicators of development that focus on urbanization, higher education, mobility of labor, technological development, modernization, infra-structural development, industrialization etc. Through the lens of Gender Economics, the author contextualizes day to day survival struggles of women in the family, in the households, in the community and in the micro and macro economy with the perspective of power relations which control women and girl children's sexuality, fertility...
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...Gender Equality: * Introduction: * Gender equality is a social order in which women and men share the same opportunities and the same participation in both the economic and the domestic areas of responsibility. * Issues: * It refers to valuing both men and women equally, * works to defeat the misjudgment, * Women are ranked last in the ladder of society, * Relative Equality: * When both sexes have relative equality, economies grow rapidly, less corruption occurs and children’s health improves. * Gender inequality refers to Men and women being physically different but it is the barriers between one another. * These include social, economic, political and legal interpretation that lead to inequality between both sexes. * Gender equality is a vital and important human right. * Issues And Reasons: There are many issues relating to social inequality: * Men and women have different daily responsibilities and roles. * Men overrule women, as men tend to have a high status in society as the work they do is riskier and heavier compared to women’s which is providing food for their family and caring for their children. * They have unequal access to education and health services. * Women are not treated equally. * Within in the terms of political and legal inequality, females are treated unfairly and are poorly represented at all levels of formal decision making in society. These issues leads to unequal rights...
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...Males and females will never be treated equally unless society’s expectations in regard to men change Audience: Male and female university students at an open forum at a University to discuss the major issues in today’s society. The fight for gender equality remains a prominent issue of the 21st century. Historically, gender equality has been seen as a “woman’s issue," as women have long been the driving force behind the struggle. This view has contributed to the perception that the equal treatment of men and women can only be achieved by abolishing the stereotypes placed on women by our society. In reality, gender equality will never be achieved unless the social expectations and stereotypes imprisoning men change. This includes eliminating the expectation of men to exercise power, aggressiveness and control in all aspects of life, as well as changing the traditional perception of manhood, allowing men to freely express emotion and even vulnerability. As young men and women, we have a responsibility to change these social norms and stereotypes that restrict men and boys to certain roles, thus causing changes for women and girls too, resulting in the equal treatment of both genders. Social expectations and gender specific stereotypes socialise males into roles that promote aggressiveness, power and control from a young age. As a result, many males grow up believing that dominant and aggressive behaviour towards girls and women is part of being a man. This undoubtedly...
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...Gender Equality Gender equality is how men and women should be treated equally and not be discriminated by their gender, though this does not mean that women and men are the same, but that they are equally valuable and should be treated just like that. This is the intention of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which attempts to create equality in law and in social environments, including democratic activities and obtaining equal pay for equal work. Although this subject has been going on for years this is actually a never-ending story in which no one ever agrees on what is right for each gender. Equal pay for equal work is one of the many fields where gender equality is not often present. Most of the time women get paid less than men for doing the exact same work. This is one of the reasons why most of the poor people are women, around 70% of the women who live in extreme poverty survive on less than US$1 a day. Even so, when applying for a job it is more likely that an attractive woman will get a call back from an employer than a man. The University of Messina made a study in which researchers sent more than 1100 fake CVs to more than 1500 advertised job openings, in all of the CVs they kept identical skills and qualifications but changed the names, genders and pictures of the candidates. They grabbed pictures from the web and edited them so the original person wouldn't be recognizable and then 100 students at the university judged...
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...Gender Equality Gender equality is term used to describe the equal balance between men and women in every field of life. In other Words, it refers to the equal treatment receive by both men and women. It is also known as equality of the genders. Every nation and people of the nation have different point of view towards gender equality. If i consider my nation that is INDIA, there is lot of change from past regarding gender equality. [pic] In primitive time, women treated like slaves. They had no right to say anything to their elders and even not went outside the house without the permission of their guard that is either father or husband. In the past, women suffers lot of pain due dowry system, female foeticide etc. There is lack of education in the past decades and no equal rights given to women. People think that men are head of family and also strong then women. Mentality of people is so narrow that women are property for them. Nowadays, many changes will occur and many rights are made for the right of women but in many places women are treated same as in the past. Women still faces lot of problems such as domestic violence, physical violence and mentally abuse and on the other hand men are treated like king. Parents feel proud when son is born however when girl is born parents and even society feel burden. In our society, people give respect, love and better opportunities to their son. On the other hand...
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...The Human Rights of Women Numerous international and regional instruments have drawn attention to gender-related dimensions of human rights issues, the most important being the UN Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), adopted in 1979 (see box). In 1993, 45 years after the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, and eight years after CEDAW entered into force, the UN World Conference on Human Rights in Vienna confirmed that women’s rights were human rights. That this statement was even necessary is striking – women’s status as human beings entitled to rights should have never been in doubt. And yet this was a step forward in recognizing the rightful claims of one half of humanity, in identifying neglect of women’s rights as a human rights violation and in drawing attention to the relationship between gender and human rights violations. CEDAW: The International Bill of Rights for Women The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women defines the right of women to be free from discrimination and sets the core principles to protect this right. It establishes an agenda for national action to end discrimination, and provides the basis for achieving equality between men and women through ensuring women's equal access to, and equal opportunities in, political and public life as well as education, health and employment. CEDAW is the only human rights treaty that affirms the reproductive rights of...
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