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Gender Inequality

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It is said that men outnumber women in the world; this is the case in some countries such as the United States however it is the opposite in China. In other words, half of the Chinese population are men. It is believed that the motive behind gender inequality between Chinese males and females is due to their one-child policy . Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping has established the one-child policy in 1979 as a solution to limit China’s population growth. Although it was implemented as a ``temporary measure, `` the one-child policy still exists twenty-five years later. Luckily, in the era of 21st century, in North America, for example, there is no such policy that entails gender discrimination since both males and females have similar rights as well as privileges. However, even in the 21st century, China is still struggling with its enormous gap that exists between genders because males are more valued than women. Therefore, women are not expected to place in a inferior place as opposed to men and this is why Chinese families seek to have more boys first than girls. The aim of this paper will be to prove the gender inequality within the Chinese inequality, from different perspectives, Sociological, psychological and economical studies.
Sociological
Chinese gender discrimination persists everywhere, especially in the labour market since some women are being segregated in various occupational categories. Sex segregation refers to the chances of entering a certain occupation or industry for people of different gender. Consequently, the degree of inequality in units outside the system such as in coastal provinces is also greater than in the units inside the system as inland provinces (Cai, H., & Wu, X. (2006). In accordance with their Chinese social culture values, some Chinese immigrants that immigrated to the United States, in the late 1980s and early 90s reconstruct gender role within their marriage at one level in which analysis is reproduced, but they also revise their situation within the family at the second level of analysis. The first level maintains that an understanding of gender role assignment in private life requires an understanding of structural support in public life (Yu, Y…2011). Unlikely to the first level, the second level of analysis of gender role states that marital care is the immediate context, which refers to the relationships outside of marriage such as with children, friends, kin, and work-mates (Yu, Y…,2011). A comparative study has shown that the difference in attitude based on gender- role of people who live in China compared to those who live in Taiwan is dissimilar since there are the three factors that may affect people living in China, for example, toward gender-role attitudes, not Taiwanese living in Taiwan. For instance, the gender-role attitudes of the comparative study have been structured from the theoretical perspectives: gendered self-interest, parental role model, family dependence as well as gender socialization.

Psychological There are various types of gender inequality within the Chinese culture. Indeed, the first common disparity between men and women within the Chinese society is known to be the household inequality. Household inequality occurs when the sharing of burden housework and childcare are not equal. Moreover, the second common type of disparity that some Chinese women face the natality ( hmm je sais pa si ce mot existe hein, di lui de faire un peu de recherché) inequality because of the preference of boys over girls in China (Sen, A…, 2001) . A research that was based on the perceptions of gender inequality and the psychological well-being has shown that people belonging to different cultures do not have the same beliefs about how reasonable gender inequality is (Kinias, & Kim, 2011). For instance, the results show that in Hong Kong, Chinese women do not view gender inequality as unjust and unfair as European American women would Psycho---article3….
Economically
Gender discrimination between Chinese men and women has a huge impact on some emerging private companies within China’s rural areas, a survey has shown that there is a difference between genders allocation in labour as well as in household-run businesses in the rural areas of eight provinces. Unfairly, households with a large pool of Chinese females labour have no advantages in starting and running a small business as opposed to business involvement that depends on the Chinese men labour pool, particularly if a senior man is involved in the business (Entwsle, Henderson, Short, Bouma & Fengying, 1995, page…). A comparative study has shown that discrimination and gender wages differentials have impact on the Chinese economical reform. In fact, discrimination and gender wages differentials persists among employers working within one of the three following sectors, which are the state sector, the collective sector and the private sector. Although some companies try to diversify the gender of their employees, female employees are treated inequally and differently from men since within China’s private and higher market-driven legal profession disadvantages a woman’s chance to get a job in Chinese urban areas. In fact, Chinese women’ employment opportunities as lawyers have greatly expanded quantitatively, women’ careers are qualitatively less successful compared to Chinese male’ in terms of both income and partnership status. For instance, based on Michelson’s article, “Research on gender inequality among lawyers” has consistently found that women remain overrepresented in lower-pay, lower-status segments of the profession (Bolton & Muzio, 2007; Hull & Nelson, 2000; Rhode, 2001; Wilder, 2007), that women are less likely than men to get promoted to partner (Dau-Schmidt, Galanter, Mukhopadhaya , & Hull, 2009; Hagan & Kay, 1995; Kay, 1997; Noonan & Corcoran, 2004; Noonan, Corcoran, & Courant, 2008; Reichman & Sterling, 2002; Sterling & Reichman, 2004), state that women incomes are lower than men's (Dau-Schmidt et aI., 2009; Dinovitzer, Reichman, & Sterling, 2009; Dixon & Seron, 1995; Hagan, 1990).

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