...A Study of pay Inequity between Genders Abstract As long as an American woman is putting in the same amount of hours with the same qualifications and experience in the same occupation as an American male, and yet taking home a wage that is any lower, she is not being treated fairly as an equal. Contrary to many arguments, it is unquestionable that a wage gap exists, and while there are various ideas as to the most probable cause, there is no reason why this gap should continue to go uncorrected or unchanged. Our government should take concrete steps to close the gender wage gap because it violates women’s rights and equality. The story begins at a local Radio Shack, it is Friday, payday. As employees open their paychecks, they are awaiting their annual raise. As one employee, Neha opens up her paycheck she finds she has not yet received a raise; she has waited all year for this raise. She is very sad to find she did not receive one. She begins to think maybe she did something wrong. She starts to think back through the year, and cannot seem to come up with any solutions as to why she did not receive one. She worked especially hard that year in hopes to receive a good raise and felt she deserved to be recognized for it. In the break room she overheard her co-worker John bragging to their colleagues about his second raise. Now John is making a dollar twenty five more per hour than her even though they both have been working at Radio Shack for...
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...Gender equity in a workplace DataSoft Pty Ltd The ICT Industry Assessment Item 3 BSB115 - Management Vadym Podolian N9692291 Word Count: Format: Ariel 11 or Times New Roman 12; 1.5 line spacing and a Word Document. Assignments which are 10 percent over or under the word limit of 1500 words will have 6 marks deducted. Introduction The problem is under-representation of women in a workplace. Women are mainly under-represented in higher positions due to a glass ceiling (invisible barrier) and gender discrimination (M., Lemmon, & J. Wayne, n.d.). It is important to have women in higher positions as well as it would bring several benefits to the firm; such as, improving the overall performance, increase in innovation intensity, higher overall intelligence and others (Wienberger, 2016). The aim of this report is to analyse and address the issue of under-representation of women in a workplace and gender pay inequity. This report will identify the issue and why it has occurred, talk about related management functions and environmental factors and offer two recommendations. Discussion Why it occurs? There are many reasons why this issue could occur in a firm. One reason is a glass-ceiling effect. It means an invisible barrier for women preventing them from reaching higher positions in an organisation. There are 3 things closely related to this effect: gender wage gap (when men and women are doing the same job for different wages)...
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...present the proposition in such a way that it would allow the females to negotiate the time frame for payments. I set up the situation in such a way that I can exceed their expectation for example asking them to allow the company to pay them in installments over the course of the next five years when in fact we would really like to pay them over the course of three years. I would not discuss how the salary inequity occurred, however I would definitely discuss the policies and procedures that I would be establishing to prevent this situation occurring again. , I also would reiterate how much I truly value them as employees. Lastly, I would have a meeting with all of the supervisors to inform them that I would be making adjustment to some of the salaries to ensure that all employees are compensated equally across the board. The new compensation plans would presented at this time as well. Anyone with questions regarding their individual salaries could meet with HR. i. To do nothing would simply perpetuate the problem not to being unethical and illegal. The pay inequities expose the company to lawsuits from the women. Since Black’s family owns the company, ignoring the problem threatens the long-term success of the company regardless of his position within the company. ii. To...
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...This paper will explore the roles that gender and feminism plays alongside other determinants to affect the health status of Aboriginal Canadian women. Determinants of health refer to the circumstances in which people are born, live, grow, work, and age, that are responsible for most of the health inequalities that exist. Common determinants contributing to sub-par health status include: early child development, education, income, employment, social and physical environment, personal health practices and coping skills, access to health services, racism, and gender. These determinants work alongside Aboriginal-specific determinants like cultural identity, self-determination, and colonialism to create significant health discrepancies compared to non-Aboriginal Canadians. Aboriginal women are at an even greater disadvantage because of the role gender plays on top of the other determinants. The term gender refers to the socially constructed perceptions of feminine and masculine and is not to be confused with sex, which refers to the biological differences between men and women (Steckley and Letts 2010). While the two are different concepts, they are closely related and do influence each other because while biology may condition behaviour, it is in turn conditioned by the social environment (Halseth 2013). Health is also a social construct and issue, rather than simply a medical and technical problem associated with body parts and their functions. Because it is defined by and shaped...
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...Feminism can be defined as a series of political movements originating in the USA to abolish gender inequity and gain equal rights and opportunities for women (Ritzer and Ryan, 224). The women’s movement is broken down into three consecutive waves of feminism. The first wave of feminism began in the early eighteenth century, with it’s main objective to gain women’s suffrage (Ritzer and Ryan, 224). Much of the first wave was characterized by women breaking societal norms and roles imposed upon them and redefining the stigma attached to the perceptions of what women ought to be. As a result of the first wave, the second wave of feminism began in 1972 and provided new information about feminism, as books, such as The Feminine Mystique, began publication (Ritzer and Ryan, 225). The highlights of the second wave consisted of legislative victories over sexism in education and the right to an abortion. The second wave, however, consequently noted the interaction between race oppression and gender oppression, also known as ‘intersectionality’ (Ritzer and Ryan, 225). The third wave of feminism was influenced by the first and second, with it’s existence being debatable. Scholars argue that the movement has changed forms and has indeed continued into the twenty-first century. In actuality, this generation is educated about feminism. Their knowledge derives from the first two waves, with which they draw their own political views to live their lives by, thus the creation of...
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...GENDER EQUITY CAN BE ACHIEVED BY BEING SENSITIVE TOWARDS PROBLEMS OF BOTH MEN AND WOMEN Gender equality is, first and foremost, a human right. Women are entitled to live in dignity and in freedom from want and from fear. Empowering women is also an indispensable tool for advancing development and reducing poverty.One is not born, but rather becomes, a woman. No biological, psychological or economic fate determines the figure that the human female presents in society; it is civilization as a whole that produces the creature, intermediate between male and eunuch, which is described as feminine.Empowered women contribute to the health and productivity of whole families and communities and to improved prospects for the next generation. The importance of gender equality is underscored by its inclusion as one of the eight Millennium Development Goals. Gender equality is acknowledged as being a key to achieving the other seven goals Gender inequality holds back the growth of individuals, the development of countries and the evolution of societies, to the disadvantage of both men and women. Gender inequality and discrimination is argued to cause and perpetuate poverty and vulnerability in society as a whole. Household and intra-household knowledge and resources are key influences in individuals' abilities to take advantage of external livelihood opportunities or respond appropriately to threats. High education levels and social integration significantly improve the productivity of all...
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...reduction paper (111) referred to as Agenda for Prosperity(AFP) which entails eight pillars that are focused on poverty reduction strategies to move Sierra Leone from Low to a middle-income country. The third and eight pillars are focused on the accelerating of human development and Gender women's empowerment which are the development and policy issues that, this study is trying to address through the examination of the factors that affect the girl child science-education, a branch of education that will enhance human development and contribute to the elimination of Gender inequality, inequity, vulnerability and poverty in girls and...
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...“Is The Gender Pay Difference Due Largely To Gender Or Are There Other Reasons? Introduction: Are men and women different in terms of workplace behavior, job performance, leadership style, or commitment? Are the differences significant? It’s generally accepted that from the moment of birth , boys and girls are treated differently. Some people still believe that there are creativity, reasoning, and learning ability differences between the sexes. Research has shown that “men and women are generally similar in terms of learning ability, memory, reasoning ability, creativity, and intelligence“. In a study of the preferred leadership style of male and female leaders in 27 countries, it was reported that female managers prefer participative, team oriented, and charismatic leadership dimensions more than males. (2) When society emphasized the difference between the sexes and treated them differently, there were some differences in social behavior. But as society places more emphasis on equal opportunity and treatment, many differences are likely to disappear. Men and women are becoming more alike in terms of workplace behavior. Discrimination against women manifests itself in various forms, including, job segregation, wage gap, denial of career development opportunities, and lack of promotion opportunities. There are some questions that both sides of the debate attempt to answer: whether gender is the main factor in pay differences? or women are not paid lower than men due to...
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...vs. Female Pay Differences: Has the Wage Gap Narrowed and Why? Table of Contents Abstract…………………………………………………………………………….. 3 Introduction………………………………………………………………………… 4 Literature Review…………………………………………………………………... 5 History of Inequity………………..………………………………………... 6 Pay Equity…………..……………………………………………………... 7 Trends in the Gender Pay Wage Gap…........................................................ 10 Trends in the 1980s………………………………..………………………. 11 Trends in the 1990s………………………………………………………… 12 The Human Capital Theory……..…………………………………………. 14 Sex Segregation Theory……………………………………………………. 15 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………. 16 Predictions for the future…………………………………………………... 17 References………………………………………………………………………….. 18 Abstract Pay differences between men and women is still a topic that keeps re-surfacing over the years. Since the signing of the Equal Pay Act of 1963, it is now illegal to pay men and women substantially different wages for equal work. The question is could there still be pay disparity between men and women in today’s labor market. This paper evaluates the dilemma faced by employers and reviews the trends in the gender wage gap. The paper will also investigate possible causes of the gender wage gap. In closing, the author will provide possible predictions for the future. US Male vs. Female Pay Differences: Has the Wage Gap Narrowed and Why? In the United States, there is still controversy about male vs. female...
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...Organisation (WHO), as being “the conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work and age” that are “shaped by the distribution of money, power and resources” (World Health Organisation, 2014). According to Pega and Veale (2015), SDHs include education, occupation, income, gender, ethnicity/race, sexual orientation, and gender identity. It should be noted that sexual orientation was added as an SDH by the authors due to an article by Logie (2012), who found that people from lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, or queer (LGBTQ) sexual orientations faced pronounced negative health biases. The authors argue that gender identity should be added as an SDH, as it was found that prejudice, transphobia, and other violent and biased behaviours aimed at transgender people resulted in differential amounts of societal exclusion for groups of people defined by gender identity, encompassing healthcare scenarios. These socially conditions cripple transgender people via social exclusion, and benefit non-transgendered people through social inclusion. Although gender identity itself does not predict health status, it socially stratifies the population into different exposures to SDHs such as transphobia. Gender identity draws equal comparability to items on the SDHs list like sexual orientation (Logie, 2012) and ethnicity (World Health Organisation, 2008) by discriminating on the basis of racism or homophobia. These are socially constructed forms of discrimination, and as such are deemed...
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...Classification and Division Writing Assignment All the ‘isms’ The Education of the Sexes From a very young age, we, men and women alike were programed into the expected roles of the genders. Those roles were reinforced through television, school, and experiences. Many boys received trucks and guns as gifts, while many girls received dolls and make believe ovens. We were taught boys grow up to be doctors and pilots; girls nurses and stewardesses. Boys build houses; girls keep house. Boys can become president; girls first lady. We grow up hearing phrases like men are strong; women are the weaker sex. These life experiences can lay seed to limitations to, and de-evaluation of the female gender, weather intentioned or not. Many women conformed to the prescribed role assign them. Those who do not are likely to confront prejudice in the form of sexism and chauvinism in their daily lives. The Results Sexism, also known as gender discrimination, is often in combination with male chauvinism, the belief that women are inferior to males therefore, deserving of less than equal treatment or benefit. Women should know their place. They should know that place does not include anywhere men consider their stronghold. For a woman to do so, even now in the 21st century is risky, and at times outright dangerous. Women who aspire to, or compete with the male dominated, or male stereotyped roles become vulnerable. She risks being called a man, a feminist, a lesbian, or obscene four letter...
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...Contents Topic 3 Introduction 4 Gender Equality in Workplace 5 Conclusion: 11 References List: 12 Topic Gender equality in the workplace is still a major issue of concern in many countries, including Australia. What is it that makes this such an apparently impossible issue to resolve? Critically examine the implications, of this gender inequality, for efficient and effective work and management practices in companies today. Introduction Gender inequality issue originates from Christian ideology, which advocates traditional thought of “male superiority to female”. In the workplace, gender inequality causes unequal treatment between male and female employees, such as women are typically more difficult to get promotions than male; they do the same work as male but get paid less than men, they even suffer from other issues such as sexual harassment. Sexual harassment exists in most countries including Australia. As long as the society couldn’t reach to gender equality, people’s human rights will be threatened whether people in the workplace, or anywhere else. This essay introduces the histories and background of gender equality, and further examines the gender equality improvement in Australia, as well as the effects of this issue in the workplace. Moreover, there also several suggestions for companies on gender equality promotion and related policies making. Gender Equality in Workplace Grown (2003, p.2) claims that the term ‘Gender Equality’ narrates the measureable...
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...Religion and Gender Is religion bad for women? Religion by definition is “a particular system of faith and worship” (New Oxford American Dictionary). I believe that religion in its simplest form of just faith and worship is good for everyone, including women. However, the politics, and power inequity that play such a large role in organized religion are bad for women in many ways, three of which include; organized religions are male centered, brilliant women are oppressed, and they are not given credit for what they do. Organized religions are male centered, which creates a hostile environment for women to pray and worship. “Men administered the sacraments, wrote the prayer books, preached the sermons and made the decisions.” (Women and American Religion p.11) For centuries men have played the leading roles in organized religion and consequently “sexist assumptions about women” (Women and American Religion p.124) have incorporated themselves into religious communities. For example, Muslim and Jewish women are required to sit behind a curtain during religious services. By doing this, men are prevented from becoming too “distracted”. When Asra Q. Nomani sat in the main hall with the men in her mosque, they claimed they could not pray in the presence of a woman, and when she again refused to sit behind the curtain, they banned her from the community. Another example is the Protestant view that: “God is the head of Christ, Christ is the head of man, and man is the head of women”...
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...The museum offers a space to the public for education, meditation, reflection of the self and others. The issue of gender challenges, if not simply questions, an institution with a profound sense of power in deciding what makes history, what is representative of culture, and how individuals can be identified among a greater scheme of social construction. Feminist critique reveals museums to be generally colonising spaces of the female body. In a profession now largely occupied by women, there appears to still be a gender disproportion in directorial and curatorial positions. ‘The women’s movement has largely bypassed museums’ (Glaser & Zeneton 1994). Even with noticeable changes to gender perspectives in Western society, women have much to remodel in a museological world that is still dipped in a long-established and well-governed androcentrism. Museums are extraordinarily powerful institutions across the globe today. They present the past and present in ways that rule entire schools of thought, dictate truth and notions of common sense, and shape the ways in which people perceive and interpret meaning through culture and history. In assessing the status of modern museum culture, it is important to understand the politics by which an institution runs and governs itself. This issue is often overlooked in museum studies; historically museums have acted at their own discretion without much, if any, cultural, political, or social supervision; thus, despite a reputation for being...
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...REFERENCES 1. Ashton, Deborah. "What HR Can Do to Fix the Gender Pay Gap." Harvard Business Review. Harvard Business Review, 02 Dec. 2014. Web. 08 Oct. 2015. 2. What We're Watching in the Gender Wage Gap. (2010, September 1). Retrieved October 8, 2015. 3. Neale, M. (2015, June 29). More Reasons Women Need to Negotiate Their Salaries. Retrieved October 8, 2015. 4. Maatz, L. (2014, April 5). The Awful Truth Behind the Gender Gap. Retrieved October 9, 2015. 5. Smith, K. (2014, April 10). The Gender Pay Gap Is Just the Beginning of America's Pay Inequity Problem. Retrieved October 9, 2015. 6. The Simple Truth about the Gender Pay Gap (Fall 2015) (AAUW: Empowering Women Since 1881) 7. Mind the Gap: How One Employer Tackled Pay Equity. (n.d.). Retrieved October 9, 2015. 1. It’s no secret that women are paid less than men, even when occupations are held constant, and even when those occupations are high-pay and high-skill. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the median weekly earning for American female physicians working full-time is $1,497, while for men it is $2,087. A 2013 BLS report shows pay inequity by occupation for women of all races: women in architecture and engineering occupations earn 83.7% to the dollar in comparison to men and in computer and mathematical occupations 81% to the dollar in comparison to men. When Forbes analyzed 2012 median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers data from BLS for the top-paying professions...
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