...This study is aimed at understanding and observing rule compliance between men and women. It examines the gender difference in compliance and/or conversion with people placing their rubbish in provided bins within a food court environment, as hypothesised women were more likely to be compliant with disposing their rubbish. Social influence is vital to gage individual’s behaviour. There is long-standing evidence in social psychology that people strive for consistency within their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviour (Festinger, 1957). Therefore to uphold this level of consistency individuals must comply with the group or majorities attitudes, beliefs and behaviours. It is an important force keeping groups together and facilitating communication (Bond & Smith, 1996). Disposing of rubbish in a bin is a pro-environmental behaviour which can be categorised as a positive social norm. Social norms are defined as ‘rules and standards that are understood by members of a group, that guide and/or constrain social behaviour without the force of law’ (Cialdini & Trost, 1998). Adhering to these social rules is described in terms of conformity or adversely conversion. Various social norms can alter an individual’s response to a specific situation depending on their environment and individual gains from doing so. For example to judge whether a person will dispose of their rubbish one must account for their personal norms and perceived social norms within the culture. Cialdini et al....
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...Abstract In this study I will be investigating whether Gaydar does in fact exist and if one gender has a stronger Gaydar than the other. I will also be testing to see is both males and females can distinguish other homosexuals based on appearance alone as well as being able to tell which ones are not homosexual. I will be attempting to find out if people that are straight can also tell if someone is homosexual based on appearance alone as viewed in a full length color picture. I will be using 40 participants (20 males and 20 females) that either identify sexually as gay or straight. The participants will all be shown a series of 20 pictures for 30 seconds each, of males and females, and will be asked to identify whether they think the person shown in the picture is either straight or gay. The males and females in the pictures will have been previously identified as being either gay or straight. All results, statements and answers will be kept confidential. Does Gaydar Exist? The issue of a person’s sexual identity has always been a controversial issue for some. When it comes to the Gay and Lesbian community there is a saying or “Theory” that someone who identifies themselves sexually as homosexual has a sixth sense that is referred to as “Gaydar”. This means that for some reason it is believed that other homosexuals can spot each other out based on appearance alone. This idea that gays may have some sort of sixth sense or ability to tell if someone else...
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...lack of sufficient evidence to prove that there was a genuine dispute as to any material fact for a Title VII discrimination claim. (R. 1.) This Court of Appeals reviews a district court’s grant of motion for summary judgment pursuant to federal rule 56(c) de novo. (R. 1.) According to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964(Title VII), it shall be an unlawful employment practice for an employer to fail or refuse to hire or to discharge any individual, or otherwise to discriminate against any individual with respect to his compensation, terms, conditions, or privileges of employment, because of such individual's race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. 42 U.S.C.A. § 2000e-2(a)(1) (1964). The statute’s language does not include gender or sexual orientation it only includes race, color, religion, sex, or national origin as a protected classes from discrimination. Legislative history has illustrated how congress has refused to include transsexuals or sexual orientation in the Title VII statute. The legislative...
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...[Hook/anecdote on observations of nephews etc] A few years ago, a video of a five-year-old girl named Riley went viral. Standing in a decidedly pink toy aisle she laments, “Why do all the girls have to buy pink stuff?” Riley is not the only one questioning the ways in which toys are gender-stereotyped and marketed, and some go so far to argue that, in addition to shaping gender identity, it in contributes to gender inequality. [additional discussion/framing main questions of the paper etc] Gender, not to be confused with sex, which is biologically defined by reproductive organs, may be understood as a socially constructed range of characteristics that pertain to and differentiate between masculinity and femininity. To further clarify, “male” and “female” are sex categories,...
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...n the American media, gender roles are still prevalent. The adaptation of gender roles has occurred because they are socially constructed. Gender roles are distinct and defined in the media. With great ferocity, gender roles are perceptible in our exposure everyday to the media, such as in advertising. The media demonstrates clearly the imposed and inevitable gender roles. For example, advertising for cleaning supplies consists of a woman stating the difficulty of removing stains. Advertising for motor oil consists of a man and his luxury car, often with a beautiful woman by his side. The function of gender roles are impediments of dreams, hopes and the future. Limitations, among both sexes, are set when gender roles are present in the media. Certain expectations and criteria are involved with gender roles, crippling the individual to act against the status quo because of the...
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...IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE MIDDLE DISTRICT OF TENNESSEE NORTHEASTERN DIVISION -----------------------------------------------------------x KEVIN BROWN No. 2:14-cv-00011 Plaintiff, Judge Sharp AMENDED COMPLAINT V. JURY DEMAND MISTER WAYNE'S SCHOOL OF UNISEX HAIR DESIGN Defendant. ----------------------------------------------------------x PLAINTIFF'S FIRST AMENDED COMPLAINT I. INTRODUCTION 1. This cause of action arises from the Defendant's deliberately indifferent response to reports of student-on-student harassment based on the Plaintiff's perceived gender-stereotype, and subsequent sex-based discrimination by employees. The Plaintiff was targeted by students and employees of the Defendant because he did not conform to stereotypical expectations of masculinity. The personality traits that the Plaintiff exhibited were considered to be feminine, and triggered an animus in many students, employees, even administrators, because they believed him to be gay. Indeed, even the appearance of homosexuality is enough to ignite a fire of prejudice and hatred among some of the -1- students, employees, and administrators of the Defendant. Employee Bridgette Wilson, publicly demonstrates her enmity against gays by posting images of the anti-gay activist, Phil Robertson, who claims that homosexuals are “going to hell”, onto the popular social networking site, Facebook. Another student...
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...Diagnosis: Gender Dysphoria in Adolescents and Adults Code: 302.85 (F64.1) INTRODUCTION Jasmin “Jas” is a 19 year old girl. Jasmin was born on March 20, 1995 in Buliaw 1, Cotabato City. Her parents name was Mr. Michael and Mrs. Meriam. Jasmin’s mother is an Overseas Filipino Worker in Kuwait and her father is a businessman. Jasmin is the eldest among the four (4) siblings. She took her elementary education in Agape, Elementary School, Cotabato City. Her secondary education in Kabacan National High School and she is now pursuing her tertiary education in University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, North Cotabato. When Jasmin was still a kid, her parents decided to divorce because of some reasons. Jasmin’s father left home and find another wife. Also, Jasmin’s mother find another man and both Jasmin’s mother and step father live together with Jasmin and with their new 3 children. Two boys and a girl. Suddenly, Jasmin’s mother and step father decided to separate and have their own home together with their new children. Jasmin was left to Telican, Jasmin’s grandmother. Few years after, Jasmin’s mother, Meriam decided to go to abroad specifically in Kuwait. Because of the absence of parent’s guidance, Jasmin felt so sad and she thought that she was left alone. But despite of this, Jasmin was so thankful that Telican, her grandmother loves Jasmin very much. Since kindergarten, Jasmin felt the incongruence between what she feels inside about her gender and the assigned gender to her...
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...female subordinates, but power-threat theories suggest that women in authority may be more frequent targets. This article analyzes longitudinal survey data and qualitative interviews from the Youth Development Study to test this idea and to delineate why and how supervisory authority, gender nonconformity, and workplace sex ratios affect harassment. Relative to nonsupervisors, female supervisors are more likely to report harassing behaviors and to define their experiences as sexual harassment. Sexual harassment can serve as an equalizer against women in power, motivated more by control and domination than by sexual desire. Interviews point to social isolation as a mechanism linking harassment to gender nonconformity and women’s authority, particularly in male-dominated work settings. Keywords inequality, gender, power, sexual harassment The term sexual harassment was not coined until the 1970s (Farley 1978), but formal organizational responses have since diffused rapidly (Dobbin and Kelly 2007; Schultz 2003). Today, sexual harassment workshops, policies, and grievance procedures are standard features of the human resources landscape, and a robust scholarly literature ties harassment to gender inequalities (Martin 2003) and other forms of workplace discrimination (Lopez, Hodson, and Roscigno 2009). Power,...
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...LeslieMarie Soliven Ms. Lenton English 100s Mon./Wed. (8:00) Defining gender roles Have you ever noticed the difference in the way kids are categorized in gender? Like blue for boys, Pink for girls and trucks for boys, dolls for girls? Kids are brought up differently based on their gender because of their “Gender roles”. Gender roles are defined as a set of behaviors that indicates one’s gender or the image projected by their masculine and feminine qualities, which are also society’s standards for men and women. Gender roles are what determine our future without us noticing it. The things we do as children impact our future more than we think, so boys and girls should be treated the same from the start. Gender identification is the acknowledgment of what particular gender you or any other individual associate with. There is a distinctive influence that comes with gender identification and society tends to influence to the core of breaking down the gender of an individual into male or female. When we were young, our parents made us play with specific toys based on our gender, for example boys had to play with tools, leggos and cars while girls had to play with dolls and kitchen supplies. As children it seems like the right thing to do to play with the toys within our gender but as we grow older we realize that the reason why boys have to play with tools and leggos and girls have to play with kitchen supplies and dolls is because our future is being chosen for us...
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...Reading Response Gender Google Searches When the class originally began to discuss the different Google searches that we would be analyzing, my original thoughts were that the “suggested searches” would not differ between the two genders too drastically. Little did I know the recent history on the topics typed into the search line proved that to be very wrong. There were four different types of initial searches the class would be looking at. One that asked Google what men and women should do, what they shouldn’t do, what they cannot do, and what the sex’s need to do. All cues were searched for both men and women, analyzing what Google used as “suggested searches” or “common searches” from past attempts explored on the search engine. Before taking 350, prior to the experiences and information learned in the classroom, my views towards gender issues as a whole were very misguided and skewed. The issues between genders in economics, and the world in general, almost didn’t even occur to me, as I had never really had too much of an interest in learning about the different problems that follow. Its not that I didn’t care that these issues and problems were happening, but a lack of information towards them didn’t allow me to investigate further. Thankfully after almost completing 350, gender issues in economics and the world in general are now very apparent, and in the future will hopefully be closer to achieving equality with the help of our class, and the classes to come....
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...“Parenting as a Religious Jewish Feminist” by Haviva Ner- David Haviva Ner-David’s, the writer of “Parenting as a Religious Jewish Feminist,” talks about the tallit (prayer shawl) and the tefillin (little boxes strapped onto the arm and forehead that contain scriptural passages), both traditionally worn by only men for prayer, which she believes enhances her perception of God and the sanctity of her own body. She mentions that in the bible Michael the daughter of King Saul and the first wife of King David “Wore tefillin and Sages did not protest her action.” It was most commonly understood that the Rabbis exempted women from performing certain time bound mitzvoth, such as putting on tefillin, because women’s time belongs to others their children and their husbands. As a mother of four with Michal being the oldest she talks about how she takes being a Jewish mother seriously. She introduces her children to Toraah and Mitzvot with love. She does not want Michal to grow up feeling as a Jewish female, resentful of her religion or marginalized and irrelevant all of which she often felt as a child and young woman. David goes on about how she would love to see her children adopt the values that she had chosen for herself meaning seeing her daughter pray with tefillin, and hear her son tell her that he refuses to say bracha thanking God for not having created him a woman. Michal and her other daughters may decide to follow in her religious feminist path or may not. As a mother she...
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...GOOD WIVES Image and Reality in the Lives of Women in Northern New England 1650 – 1750 Good Wives sheds an illuminating light on the lives of early American women in New England. According to Laurel Thatcher Ulrich, men used women both positively and negatively. From my understanding of the book “Good Wives” there were more negative then positive ways of how men used women between 1650 and 1750 in Northern New England. The true test of this book was based on the fact that their were no female diaries on record to date written until 1750; so doing a true evaluation on facts of the time required use of many different resources other than written materials. In my opinion, most of this book may be facts but a true portion of it is hearsay; however, Ulrich did write two other books on tops similar to this one so she has a reputation for being very knowledgeable on this subject. The one and only positive way men (husbands) used women (wives) were as Deputy Husbands. A Deputy Husband would stand in the place of her husband in his absence or if he were unable to perform his duties. “Some wives were servile, some were shrews, others were respected companions who shared the authority of their spouses in the management of family affairs” (p. 38). In performing her husband’s duties, a wife not only gained the respect of her husband, but she also gained his trust as well. As a consort (“a consort tuned her life to her mate’s” (p. 9)), a wife who harmonized with her husband...
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...Skye Meadows EGL 102-09 John Steinbeck's short story "The Chrysanthemums" is about a proud, vigorous woman named Elisa Allen who feels frustrated with her present life. Like Elisa, the chrysanthemums are beautiful, vigorous, and flourishing. Their flowerbed, like Elisa’s home, is neat, orderly and scrupulously authoritatively mandated. Elisa specifically identifies herself with the blossoms, even verbally expressing that she becomes one with the plants when she inclines to them. When the tinker descries the chrysanthemums, Elisa visibly brightens, just as if he had descried her rather than the chrysanthemums. She offers the chrysanthemums to him at the same time she offers herself, both of which he disregards and tosses aside. His repudiation of the flowers additionally mimics the way society has abnegated women as nothing more than mothers and housekeepers. Just like her, the flowers are unobjectionable and additionally nonessential: both are merely decorative and integrate little worth to the world. First, the chrysanthemums denote Elisa’s young children. She is always in her garden and manages the chrysanthemums with love and care, just as she would handle her own children. Elisa is very protective of her blossoms and puts a cable barrier around them; she ascertains "no aphids, no sowbugs or snails or cutworms" are there. "Her terrier fingers destroy such pests afore they can get commenced" ().These pests represent natural harm to the blossoms, and, just as any good mother...
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...The Difference between Men and Women in Society Over the year’s stereotypes, views and places of men and women in society have changed a lot, some for better and some for worse. Some people tend to believe and follow the crowd maybe because certain things were taught to them growing up and hearing it again from others drills it deeper into their minds. Others possibly could be due to the fact that they are not open minded about things like equality and giving other people chances to move above where they sit. Unfortunately that is how the majority of society is and it doesn’t always change for the better. Men and women both are the same in certain aspects but treated so different in many others. A general setting in where this happens is in society. Before I get into what they are I want to talk about where they come from and what they are influenced by. The main contributor to this subject is the media. Things like music, television, movies, internet and even things like blogs can set an idea or thought and then kick it into motion. The thing that differs how an idea from present time to past time spreads is the media. In this time we have many more influences on society then 50 years ago. Our parents and elders are also a huge part of where we get our views on men and women I society because they get it from their parents and so on, it all goes back so far. Our culture is also so influential on everything we believe nowadays and our culture is what set the ideas for our grandparents...
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...ATTITUDE OF MALE EMPLOYEES TOWARD FEMALE MANAGERS IN SELECTED ORGANIZATIONS IN GHANA Alexander Preko PhD/CE, Business Studies Department Wisconsin International University College, Ghana, Legon Ghana ABSTRACT The study examines the views of male employees working under female heads in selected organizations in Ghana. The research is significant because it testifies how male negatively regard female heads despite series of both international and national conferences and platforms that advocate for women to assume managerial positions at the workplace. The study employed a case study and descriptive research design. The sample size was 122 respondents from 17 organizations. A purposive random technique was used to select only male employees who have worked or are still working under female heads. Questionnaires and secondary data were used to collect data. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyze data which were presented into simple descriptive tables. The study revealed that majority of the male employees (69.5%) preferred to work under male managers and coded managerial positions as masculine position. It is recommended, therefore, that male employees should embrace and integrate female heads in decision making positions, as women now constitute majority of the working population in the world. Keywords: attitudes, influence, managerial position, negative, perceptions, positive. International Refereed Research Journal ■ www.researchersworld...
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