...The scalloped hammerhead is a species of hammerhead shark, and it is part of the family Sphyrnidae. The most distinguishing characteristic of this shark is the 'hammer' on its head. The shark's eyes and nostrils are at the tips of the hammer. This is relatively large hammerhead, though is smaller than both the Great and Smooth Hammerheads. This shark is also known as the bronze, kidney-headed or southern hammerhead. Scalloped hammerheads are large sharks that live all over the world. The scalloped hammerhead males on average are between 5 and 6 feet in length and are about 64 pounds. Females which are larger than the males are on average 8 feet and weigh 180 pounds. These sharks are the most common species of hammerheads found in coastal...
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...The Galapagos Islands Axia College of University of Phoenix May 6th, 2009 For the purpose of this paper I will attempt to provide interesting information on the birds, plants and snails of the Galapagos Islands. I will discuss the biological interrelations between the species to include how they are affected by the human intrusion. I will also share some information on the conservation groups that are trying to preserve these islands for the future. The Galapagos Islands are located in the eastern Pacific Ocean approximately 600 miles off the west coast of South America. The Galapagos Archipelago consists of 4,897 square miles of land over 28,000 square miles. There are 16 islands that provide tourists and visitors with many spectacular species to look at. These species are comprised of birds, marine life, tortoises, sea lions, iguanas, snails and flora such as cactus and mangroves. (Galapagos Online, 2009) The Galapagos Islands are home to many species of birds. Some of these birds are the Blue-Footed, Red-Footed, and Masked boobies; Darwin’s Finches which are comprised of 13 different species belonging to 4 genera; the Albatross and the Galapagos Penguins. (Galapagos Online, 2009) The three varieties of boobies are different in nature. The Blue-Footed Booby’s natural habitat extends from Peru to Mexico. They nest in colonies. They can be seen breeding on most islands north of the equator. (Galapagos Online...
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...Genetic engineering permits a limitless scope of modification and introduction of otherwise foreign genetic material to any species. Gene cloning, also known as DNA cloning, is a very different process from reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Cloning is done by extracting a specific gene from an organism and inserting it into a vector, which is then put into certain conditions to prompt the gene to multiply. Vectors can range from bacteria to viruses to yeast cells (National Human Genome Research Institution). DNA cloning is the starting point of many genetic engineering approaches to biotechnology research. For example, cloning animal models of disease can be used to study the gene that the animal carries causing mutations. By duplicating these transgenic animals, much time is saved in the trial-and-error process of learning about human disease through animals such...
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...once believed to be the bread basket of the world. Now, its fertile soil along with the magnificent assortment of plants and animals is shattered due to incompetent practice. Rwanda is thought to have hazy mountain rain forests which are beneficial for mountain gorillas that dwell on them. Now, these gorillas are endangered because of illegal hunting. People seem to think that nature’s wonders and resources are so abundant that their existence would last a lifetime. Anyone who thinks like this can be deemed as immature. This kind of thinking is just unacceptable. The wellbeing of every country has an effect on the wellbeing of the whole planet like the way a few harmful cells can contaminate the whole condition of the human body. This is what the article generally talked about. It further supposed that if we want the world to continue its natural course then we should be mindful of the harmful effects of what we do to the surroundings not just in places like Mozambique, Zimbabwe and Rwanda but also in other places as they are all equally significant. What we do to our environment could bring about destructive consequences all over the planet. The article also cited the harmful effects of deforestation and illegal dumping of toxic materials. The article was truthful in saying that deforestation only causes some lands to be infertile. It is inevitable for the rain to fall down on the deforested mounts. What happens is that lands get enveloped...
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...Introduction Paper has become a major product which is used widely in the modern society. Not only used obviouslyby the publishing industry, paper is also involved in specific product manufacturing like tissue, cardboard, etc. Pulp wood plays a significant role as a fundamental raw material. Back in the last decade, Indonesia as the largest pulp and paper producer in South-East Asia ran this industry based on its 141.4 million hectares tropical rainforest covering. However, serious deforestation has occurred due to the over-development of the paper and pulp industry. More and more rare species of animals and plants are becoming extinct, not to mention global warming, water loss and soil erosion. This report will discuss the said deforestation and its effects on Indonesian environment and its community, and also focus on analyzing the role of various sectors, namely thepaper and pulp product buyers, environmental non-government organizations and the Indonesian government,within the paper and pulp industry. Asia Paper & Pulp Group(APP) and Asia Pacific Resources International Limited (APRIL) are used as examples of the paper and pulp manufacturers. The report will be concluded by providing recommendations regarding the issue. Indonesia overview Indonesia maintains the highest rate of illegal logging among other countries, up to 60% of timber production. Corruption has been a prevalent issue in Indonesia, and was even worse after the end of the Suharto government...
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...Branding Case Study ------------------------------------------------- Branding Definition: The marketing practice of creating a name, symbol or design that identifies and differentiates a product from other products (Entrepreneur Encyclopedia) A Brand is:• Names or symbols that identify the unique source of a product or service• The personification of an organization, product or service • The source of a promise to the customer • A trust mark • A single concept or idea imbedded in the mind of the customer • A set of associations that enhance or detract from the related product or service • The source of customer loyalty • That which allows one to charge a price premium for an otherwise generic product or service• A unique value proposition • The source of emotional connections with customers • The primary source of customer ‘goodwill’ • That which should drive the design of the ‘total customer experience’(Daye & VanAuken, 2011) | Both of these definitions indicate that the process of branding relies on one process; impression. For any brand or company it is vital to make an impression in the mind of its consumers. The brand has to be imprinted into their consciousness and differentiated from its competitors "Brand is everything, and everything is brand." (Pallotta, 2011) By this, the author means the face of the company (the logo, visage etc.) and its business strategy collaborates to define what a brand actually represents. A brand is basically the mission statement...
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...Aishwarya Roll Number - 26 Introduction Wildlife includes all non-domesticated plants, animals and other organisms. Domesticating wild plant and animal species for human benefit has occurred many times all over the planet, and has a major impact on the environment, both positive and negative. Wildlife can be found in all ecosystems. Deserts, forests, rain forests, plains, grasslands, and other areas including the most developed urban sites, all have distinct forms of wildlife. While the term in popular culture usually refers to animals that are untouched by human factors, most scientists agree that wildlife around the world is impacted by human activities. Humans have historically tended to separate civilization from wildlife in a number of ways including the legal, social, and moral sense. This has been a reason for debate throughout recorded history. Religions have often declared certain animals to be sacred, and in modern times concern for the natural environment has provoked activists to protest the exploitation of wildlife for human benefit or entertainment. Literature has also made use of the traditional human separation from wildlife. Foods, Pets, Traditional Medicine: Anthropologists believe that the Stone Age peoples and hunter-gatherers relied on wildlife, both plants and animals, for their food. In fact, some species may have been hunted to extinction by early human hunters. Today, hunting, fishing, or gathering wildlife is still a significant food source in some parts...
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...mangroves in the world. It also has exceptional biodiversity, notably about 400 Bengali tigers. Its ever changing landscape is shaped by tidal shifts, rivers and creeks. Brief Description The Sundarbans mangrove forest, one of the largest such forests in the world (140,000 ha), lies on the delta of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers on the Bay of Bengal. It is adjacent to the border of India’s Sundarbans World Heritage site inscribed in 1987. The site is intersected by a complex network of tidal waterways, mudflats and small islands of salt-tolerant mangrove forests, and presents an excellent example of ongoing ecological processes. The area is known for its wide range of fauna, including 260 bird species, the Bengal tiger and other threatened species such as the estuarine crocodile and the Indian python. Justification for Inscription The Committee inscribed the site under criteria (ix) and (x) as one of the largest remaining areas of mangroves in the world, which supports an exceptional biodiversity with a wide range of flora and fauna, including the Bengal Tiger and provides a significant example of on-going ecological processes (monsoon rains, flooding, delta formation, tidal influence and plant colonisation). Long Description The Sundarbans consist of three wildlife sanctuaries (Sundarbans West, East and South) lying on disjunct deltaic islands just west of the main outflow of the Ganges, Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers, close to the border with India...
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...Hybridization and “Genetic” Extinction Can and do we preserve the genetic integrity of species, and if so, how? Hybridization • Hybridization: mating between different species or two genetically distinct populations that produces offspring, regardless of fertility of offspring Golden- and Blue-Winged Warblers Golden wingedwarbler Blue wingedwarbler Hybrid (Brewster’s Warbler) Golden- and Blue-Winged Warblers Introgression • Introgression: the incorporation of genes from one population or species to another through hybridization that results in fertile offspring that further hybridize with parental populations or species (“backcross” ) • Over several generations, introgression can result in a complex mixture of parental genes, while in simple hybridization 50% of genes will come from each of the two parental species. • Without introgression, the parental species or populations are not “contaminated” by hybridization Levels of Hybridization Population or Species A Population or Species B F1 Hybrid Backcross (1st generation) Introgression F2 Hybrid (2nd generation) Backcross Hybrid Zones • Hybrid zones are often observed in nature… Species A Species B Hybrid Zone • How are hybrid zones maintained? – Hybrids may be less fit than parental taxa and selected against, but dispersal into the zone maintains a narrow band of F1’s – Hybrids may be more fit than parental taxa in habitats that are intermediate to parental taxas’ native habitat Hybridization and Conservation...
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...Nestlé Crisis management Contingency Plan 1. Problem analysis 2. Course of Action 3. Strategic Communications Plan 3.1) Communication Infrastructure 3.2) Nestlé Communication goals 3.3) Target Audience 3.4). Image Enhancement Message 3.5) Communications Channels and Outlets 3.6) Facebook as Communication Channel 3.7) Strategies for Social Network Communications 3.8) Strategic Communications Plan Key Performance Indicators 4. References Problem Analysis Nestlé has established itself as a leader in the world of nutrition and foods. However, the attack by Greenpeace that Nestlé fell subject to has taken its toll on the company image, as well as on the market price of company shares. The purpose of this document is to highlight the course of action that was taken, the problems that occurred as a result of these actions as well as solutions. Also included in this document is a proposed strategic communications plan that can be implemented by Nestlé to manage all its online & social media communications. The environmental awareness group Greenpeace claimed that Nestlé was contributing to deforestation by using palm-oil because suppliers expanded oil-palm plantations, paying no heed to the lives of the orangutans which inhibit the forests which would be lost. Greenpeace then proceeded to lead its attack on Nestlé by posting an altered version of Kitkat’s...
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...Statement of intent: I have written this persuasive speech about shark culling, finning and cruelty to sharks to hopefully educate people and inform them with the actual facts and truth. To bring awareness to the important issue of shark culling and over - fishing and to change people’s views on these stereotyped creatures. To convince people to not listen to anything they see or hear on the media about sharks because it is very biased information and not aimed at solving the problem or creating a long term solution, rather to evoke people’s fear of sharks and to make them more scared when swimming in our oceans. It is aimed at the general population of Australia and anyone who would go swimming or indulge in water- based activities in the ocean and along the coast. This is also targeting anyone who has ever eaten shark fin soup without a second thought of the suffering that was caused to make it. As an ocean lover and surfer, I strongly believe that shark finning and culling is an important issue relevant to society today. Most of the population has not been properly informed about the situation and I am here today to hopefully change your views on sharks. By the end I would like you all to see them in a different light and hopefully agree with me when I say that shark culling is unnecessary and inhumane and shark finning is barbaric and cruel. Shark finning, for those of you who are unaware, is the removal and retention of shark fins and then the discard of the carcass...
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...Purposes of Gene Cloning To study genes in the laboratory, it is necessary to have many copies on hand to use as samples for different experiments. Such experiments include Southern or Northern blots, in which genes labeled with radioactive or fluorescent chemicals are used as probes for detecting specific genes that may be present in complex mixtures of DNA. Cloned genes also make it easier to study the proteins they encode. Because the genetic code of bacteria is identical to that of eukaryotes, a cloned animal or plant gene that has been introduced into a bacterium can often direct the bacterium to produce its protein product, which can then be purified and used for biochemical experimentation. Cloned genes can also be used for DNA sequencing, which is the determination of the precise order of all the base pairs in the gene. All of these applications require many copies of the DNA molecule that is being studied. Gene cloning also enables scientists to manipulate and study genes in isolation from the organism they came from. This allows researchers to conduct many experiments that would be impossible without cloned genes. For research on humans, this is clearly a major advantage, as direct experimentation on humans has many technical, financial, and ethical limitations. Importance for Medicine and Industry The ability to clone a gene is not only valuable for conducting biological research. Many important pharmaceutical drugs and industrial enzymes are produced from cloned...
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...PUBLIC RECORDS Taking a particular state in specific, for example South Carolina, South Carolina’s public record states that a Public record" includes all books, papers, maps, photographs, cards, tapes, recordings, or other documentary materials regardless of physical form or characteristics prepared, owned, used, in the possession of, or retained by a public body. Records such as income tax returns, medical records, hospital medical staff reports, scholastic records, adoption records, records related to registration, and circulation of library materials which contain names or other personally identifying details regarding the users of public, private, school, college, technical college, university, and state institutional libraries and library systems, supported in whole or in part by public funds or expending public funds, or records which reveal the identity of the library patron checking out or requesting an item from the library or using other library services, except nonidentifying administrative and statistical reports of registration. The FOIA does not require a public body to create a record that doesn’t already exist. If part of a document can legally be shielded from release, that doesn’t mean the entire document may be withheld. The agency must separate the exempt data and release the rest of it (this usually means taking a marker and blacking out some information). Re-argument of U.S. supreme court on federal income tax After the World War 1 the secretary of...
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...at the project, they were found to be sincere and meticulous in their work. I appreciate their enthusiasm & dedication towards the work assigned to them. I am hopeful that they will prove to be a good professional and wish them grand success for the future. Date: 3 April 2013 i|Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The success of any research study depends upon a number of factors among which the proper guidance from the experts in the industry and a faculty plays an important role. We would like to express our heartfelt thanks to many people. This Project is an effort to contribute towards achieving the desired objectives. In doing so, we have optimized all available resources and made use of some external resources, the interplay of which, over a period of time, led to the attainment of the set goals. We take here a great opportunity to express our sincere and deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Girish Jaswal for giving us an opportunity to work on this project. The support & guidance from Sir, was of great help & it was extremely valuable. We express our sincere thanks to all the people who, directly or indirectly, contributed in time, energy and knowledge to this effort. ii | P a g e Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENT...
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...might be able to fulfil its classical missions and that for this to happen significant changes in zoo layout would be required. Additionally, possible implications for zoo management are discussed. Keywords: zoos, ecotourists, wild-life interactions, national parks, wildlife-based tourism, animal friendly, zoo management Introduction Dhaka zoo is the largest zoo in Bangladesh situated at Mirpur, Dhaka. It is the national zoo under the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. It was ceremonially opened for public on June 23, 1974. Area of this zoo is about 75 hectares. It has two lakes of about 13 hectares, which receive thousands of waterfowls every year in winter. The total number of vertebrate fauna in the zoo is about 2,150 of 191 species. Included in these animals are about 551...
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