...Genetically Modified Foods According to the World Health Organization, Genetically Modified Organisms(GMOs) are "organisms in which the genetic material (DNA) has been altered in such a way that does not occur naturally."1 This technology is also referred to as "genetic engineering", "biotechnology" or "recombinant DNA technology" and consists of randomly inserting genetic fragments of DNA from one organism to another, usually from a different species. For example, an artificial combination of genes that includes a gene to produce the pesticide Cry1Ab protein (commonly known as Bt toxin), originally found in Bacillus thuringiensis, is inserted in to the DNA of corn randomly. Both the location of the transferred gene sequence in the corn DNA and the consequences of the insertion differ with each insertion. The plant cells that have taken up the inserted gene are then grown in a lab using tissue culture and/or nutrient medium that allows them to develop into plants that are used to grow GM food crops.2 Natural breeding processes have been safely utilized for the past several thousand years. In contrast, "GE crop technology abrogates natural reproductive processes, selection occurs at the single cell level, the procedure is highly mutagenic and routinely breeches genera barriers, and the technique has only been used commercially for 10 years."3 Despite these differences, safety assessment of GM foods has been based on the idea of "substantial equivalence" such that "if a...
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... 1 A Genetic Algorithm Approach to Solve the Shortest Path Problem for Road Maps Sachith Abeysundara*, Baladasan Giritharan+, Saluka Kodithuwakku◊ *Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Email: sachith@email.com Telephone: (+94) 81 2374652 + Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Email: bgiri@pdn.ac.lk ◊ Department of Statistics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Email: salukak@pdn.ac.lk Telephone: (+94) 81 2394260 Abstract—This paper presents a new genetic algorithm approach to solve the shortest path problem for road maps. This is based on the analogy of finding the shortest possible distance between two towns or cities in a graph or a map with potential connection, which means that the path distances are always positive. Typically this is represented by a graph with each node representing a city and each edge being a path between two cities and there exist some traditional algorithms that produce solutions for the problem. A new method is found to solve the shortest path problem using GAs. The algorithm has been tested for a road map containing more than 125 cities and the experimental results guarantee to provide acceptably good solutions for the given search space. HE shortest path problem is typical in the world of combinatorial systems. This research will attempt to apply a Genetic algorithm...
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...a 15829690177@163.com, b631931577@qq.com Keywords: Building information modeling; Construction project; Time-cost-quality trade-off optimization; Genetic algorithm. Abstract. With the development of BIM technology, BIM provides a new direction for the project management of three objectives. Based on the current situation of the project time cost-optimized mass balance studies, pointing out the implementation mechanism of achieving the trade-off of time-cost-quality in construction project based on BIM mainly oriented components of the BIM model based; the use of Structured Query Language query statistics data information needs combined bill of quantities calculation method for the specification, preliminary engineering scale generation; establishment of Project relations system model. In the process duration is subject, for the construction of uncertainty factors such as interest rates and prices, through the establishment of quality, cost and schedule function, the establishment of quality balanced schedule cost optimization model, using genetic algorithm model of the optimal solution are obtained. With BIM case finally proves the rationality of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed genetic. 1. Introduction Balance between the three objectives of the optimization problem has also been a research scholar in the field of project management focus at home and abroad, as early as 2005 EI-Rays on the proposed project schedule cost optimization of the...
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...Introduction TSP (Travelling salesman problem) is an optimization problem that it is difficult to solve using classical methods. Different Genetic Algorithm (GA) have been right to solve the TSP each with advantages and disadvantages (Davis, 2005) In this research paper, I highlight a new algorithm by merging different genetic Algorithm results to the better solution for TSP. In amalgam algorithm, appropriateness of algorithm and traveled distance for TSP has been considered. Results obtained suggest that it does not quickly establish in the local optimum and enjoys a good speed for an inclusive answer (Fogel, 2010). New methods such as GAs, refrigeration algorithms, Artificial Neural Networks, and ACO (Ant Colony Optimization) to solve TSP problem, in recent past have been suggested. Both ACO and GAs is centered on repetitive (Goldenberg, 2005) ACO system was unfilled for the first time by Dorigoat al. to solve TSP. In ACO algorithms, people work together to find the solution. In collective intelligence algorithms, it uses the real life of creatures without putting in consideration the complex mechanisms in run their day to day life in all aspects as best as possible. GA is an iterative procedure that contains a population of individuals or chromosomes. Coding of randomly or heuristic by a string of symbols as a gene in possible solution is done. All possible solution in this search space is examined. When search space is large, GAs usually are used. People can select an...
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...Classification Using Genetic Algorithm N. Suguna1, and Dr. K. Thanushkodi2 1 Professor in Computer Science and Engg, Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. 2 Director, Akshaya College of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India. Abstract k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) is one of the most popular algorithms for pattern recognition. Many researchers have found that the KNN algorithm accomplishes very good performance in their experiments on different data sets. The traditional KNN text classification algorithm has three limitations: (i) calculation complexity due to the usage of all the training samples for classification, (ii) the performance is solely dependent on the training set, and (iii) there is no weight difference between samples. To overcome these limitations, an improved version of KNN is proposed in this paper. Genetic Algorithm (GA) is combined with KNN to improve its classification performance. Instead of considering all the training samples and taking k-neighbors, the GA is employed to take k-neighbors straightaway and then calculate the distance to classify the test samples. Before classification, initially the reduced feature set is received from a novel method based on Rough set theory hybrid with Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) as we have discussed in our earlier work. The performance is compared with the traditional KNN, CART and SVM classifiers. Keywords: k-Nearest Neighbor, Genetic Algorithm, Support...
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...International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 29, April, 2011 A Mutual Construction for IDS Using GA S. Selvakani Kandeeban Professor and Head, MCA Department, Francis Xavier Engineering College, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India sselvakani@hotmail.com R. S. Rajesh Reader, Department of CSE, Manonmanium Sundaranar University,, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India rs_rajesh@yahoo.co.in Abstract A variety of intrusion prevention techniques, such as user authentication using passwords, avoidance of programming errors and information protection, has been used to protect computer systems. However information prevention alone is not sufficient to protect our systems as those systems become even more complex with the rapid growth and expansion of Internet technology and local network systems. Moreover, programming errors, firewall configuration errors and ambiguous or undefined security policies add to the system’s complexity. An Intrusion Detection system (IDS) is therefore needed as another layer to protect computer systems. The IDS is one of the most important techniques of information dynamic security technology. It is defined as a process of monitoring the events occurring in a computer system or network and analyzing them to differentiate between normal activities of the system and behaviors that can be classified as suspicious or intrusive. Current Intrusion Detection Systems have several known shortcomings, such as low accuracy (registering high False Positives and...
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...CHAPTER: 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Some basics elements of communication systems: In [1] [21], it is mentioned that communication system means a system where transmission of data or information is done from one point to another by several processes. The processes consist of generation of an information signal, description of the information signal through a defined set of symbols, encoding of the symbols through communication channels, decoding and reproduction of original symbols and finally re-creation of the original information signal. All these features of a communication system can be described by three basic elements such as transmitter, channel and receiver. Figure 1.1: Basic structure of communication system 1.2 Wireless communication background In 1921, Detroit Michigan Police Dept. made the earliest significant use of Mobile radio in a vehicle in the United States. The system operated at a frequency close to 2 MHz. The channels soon became overcrowded. In 1940, new frequencies between 30 and 40 MHz were made available. Increasing the available channels encouraged a substantial buildup of police systems. Shortly thereafter other users found a need for this form of communication. Private individuals, companies and public agencies purchased and operated their own mobile units. In 1945, first public mobile telephone system in the U.S. was inaugurated in St. Louis, Missouri with three channels at 150 MHz. Six channels spaced 60 kHz apart were allocated for this service...
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...Fagan © Earth Open Source www.earthopensource.org 2nd Floor 145–157, St John Street, London EC1V 4PY, United Kingdom Contact email: claire.robinson@earthopensource.org June 2012 Disclaimer The views and opinions expressed in this paper, or otherwise published by EOS, are those of the authors and do not represent the official policy, position, or views of other organizations, universities, companies, or corporations that the authors may be affiliated with. GMO Myths and Truths 2 About the authors Michael Antoniou, PhD is reader in molecular genetics and head, Gene Expression and Therapy Group, King’s Cols: lege London School of Medicine, London, UK. He has 28 years’ experience in the use of genetic engineering technology investigating gene organisation and control, with over 40 peer reviewed publications of original work, and holds inventor status on a number of gene expression biotechnology patents. Dr Antoniou has a large network of collaborators in industry and academia who are making use of his discoveries in gene control mechanisms for the production of research, diagnostic and therapeutic products and safe and efficacious human somatic gene therapy for inherited and acquired genetic disorders. Claire Robinson, MPhil, is research director at Earth Open Source. She has a background in investigative reporting and the communication of topics relating to public health, science and policy, and the environment. She is an editor at GMWatch (www.gmwatch.org), a public...
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...Chapter 1 Discrete Probability Distributions 1.1 Simulation of Discrete Probabilities Probability In this chapter, we shall first consider chance experiments with a finite number of possible outcomes ω1 , ω2 , . . . , ωn . For example, we roll a die and the possible outcomes are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 corresponding to the side that turns up. We toss a coin with possible outcomes H (heads) and T (tails). It is frequently useful to be able to refer to an outcome of an experiment. For example, we might want to write the mathematical expression which gives the sum of four rolls of a die. To do this, we could let Xi , i = 1, 2, 3, 4, represent the values of the outcomes of the four rolls, and then we could write the expression X 1 + X 2 + X 3 + X4 for the sum of the four rolls. The Xi ’s are called random variables. A random variable is simply an expression whose value is the outcome of a particular experiment. Just as in the case of other types of variables in mathematics, random variables can take on different values. Let X be the random variable which represents the roll of one die. We shall assign probabilities to the possible outcomes of this experiment. We do this by assigning to each outcome ωj a nonnegative number m(ωj ) in such a way that m(ω1 ) + m(ω2 ) + · · · + m(ω6 ) = 1 . The function m(ωj ) is called the distribution function of the random variable X. For the case of the roll of the die we would assign equal probabilities or probabilities 1/6 to each of the outcomes....
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...Subject Title Scheme of Teaching Univesity Sr.No Paper Code External L T P Hour Credits Marks s 1. CSE311 Data Structures 3 1 0 4 4 50 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Total Second Year -Fourth Semester Sr.No Paper Code 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. CSE411 CSE461 CSE412 CSE462 CSE414 CSE464 Subject Title Scheme of Teaching L 3 0 3 0 3 0 T 1 0 1 0 1 0 P 0 3 0 3 0 3 Hours 4 3 4 3 4 3 Credit 4 2 4 2 4 2 University External Marks 50 50 50 CSE361 CSE313 CSE363 AS301 EC316 EC366 EC317 EC367 Data Structures (Practical) Peripheral Devices & Interfaces Hardware Lab (Practical) Engineering Mathematics – III Digital Electronics Digital Electronics (Practical) Microprocessors Microprocessors (Practical) 0 3 0 3 3 0 3 0 15 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 5 3 0 2 0 0 2 0 2 09 3 4 2 4 4 2 4 2 29 2 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 25 50 50 50 50 250 Internal Total Sessional Marks 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 450 100 50 100 50 100 100 50 100 50 700 7. 8. Total ASC405 CSE 415 Analysis & Design of Algorithms Analysis & Design of Algorithms (Practical) Database Management System Database Management System (Practical) Object Oriented Programming Object Oriented Programming (Practical) Cyber Law & IPR Computer Architecture & Organization Internal Total Sessional Marks 50 100 50 50 50 50 50 50 100 50 100 50 3 3 15 0 1 4 0 0 9 3 4 28 3 4 25 50 50 250 50 50 400 100 100 650 2 Scheme of Examination of B.E. in Computer Science & Engineering Third Year - Fifth Semester Sr. Paper Subject Title Scheme of Teaching Univesity Internal...
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...[pic] Narcissistic And Psychopathic Leaders 1st EDITION Sam Vaknin, Ph.D. Τηε “υτηορ ισ ΝΟΤ α Μενταλ Ηεαλτη Προφεσσιοναλ. Τηε “υτηορ ισ χερτιφιεδ ιν Χουνσελλινγ Τεχηνιθυεσ. Εδιτινγ ανδ Δεσιγν: Λιδιϕα Ρανγελοϖσκα “ Ναρχισσυσ Πυβλιχατιονσ Ιμπριντ Πραγυε & Σκοπϕε 2009 ♥ 2009 Χοπψριγητ Λιδιϕα Ρανγελοϖσκα Ναρχισσυσ Πυβλιχατιονσ “λλ ριγητσ ρεσερϖεδ. Τηισ βοοκ, ορ ανψ παρτ τηερεοφ, μαψ νοτ βε υσεδ ορ ρεπροδυχεδ ιν ανψ μαννερ ωιτηουτ ωριττεν περμισσιον φρομ: Λιδιϕα Ρανγελοϖσκα ? ωριτε το: palma@unet.com.mk ορ το vaksam@mt.net.mk “λλ ριγητσ φορ τηισ βοοκ αρε φορ σαλε. Λιτεραρψ αγεντσ ανδ πυβλισηερσ, πλεασε χονταχτ Λιδιϕα Ρανγελοϖσκα. |Το γετ ΦΡΕΕ υπδατεσ οφ τηισ βοοκ ϑΟΙΝ τηε Ναρχισσισμ Στυδψ Λιστ. | |Το ϑΟΙΝ, ϖισιτ ουρ Ωεβ σιτεσ: | |http://www.geocities.com/vaksam/narclist.html ορ | |http://www.narcissistic-abuse.com/narclist.html ορ | |http://groups.yahoo.com/group/narcissisticabuse | ςισιτ τηε “υτηορ∍σ Ωεβ σιτε: http://samvak.tripod.com Βυψ οτηερ βοοκσ αβουτ πατηολογιχαλ ναρχισσισμ ανδ ρελατιονσηιπσ ωιτη αβυσιϖε ναρχισσιστσ ανδ πσψχηοπατησ ηερε: http://www.narcissistic-abuse.com/thebook.html Χρεατεδ βψ: Λιδιϕα Ρανγελοϖσκα, Σκοπϕε ΡΕΠΥΒΛΙΧ ΟΦ Μ“ΧΕΔΟΝΙ“ Χ Ο Ν Τ Ε Ν Τ Σ Pathological Narcissism – An Overview A Primer on Narcissism and the Narcissistic Personality Disorder...
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...Natural Computing Series Series Editors: G. Rozenberg Th. Bäck A.E. Eiben J.N. Kok H.P. Spaink Leiden Center for Natural Computing Advisory Board: S. Amari G. Brassard K.A. De Jong C.C.A.M. Gielen T. Head L. Kari L. Landweber T. Martinetz Z. Michalewicz M.C. Mozer E. Oja G. P˘ un J. Reif H. Rubin A. Salomaa M. Schoenauer H.-P. Schwefel C. Torras a D. Whitley E. Winfree J.M. Zurada For further volumes: www.springer.com/series/4190 Franz Rothlauf Design of Modern Heuristics Principles and Application Prof. Dr. Franz Rothlauf Chair of Information Systems and Business Administration Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz Gutenberg School of Management and Economics Jakob-Welder-Weg 9 55099 Mainz Germany rothlauf@uni-mainz.de Series Editors G. Rozenberg (Managing Editor) rozenber@liacs.nl Th. Bäck, J.N. Kok, H.P. Spaink Leiden Center for Natural Computing Leiden University Niels Bohrweg 1 2333 CA Leiden, The Netherlands A.E. Eiben Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam The Netherlands ISSN 1619-7127 Natural Computing Series ISBN 978-3-540-72961-7 e-ISBN 978-3-540-72962-4 DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-72962-4 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2011934137 ACM Computing Classification (1998): I.2.8, G.1.6, H.4.2 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations...
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...Contents Preface Acknowledgments Introduction 1 BRAIN POWER Myth #1 Most People Use Only 10% of Their Brain Power Myth #2 Some People Are Left-Brained, Others Are Right-Brained Myth #3 Extrasensory Perception (ESP) Is a Well-Established Scientific Phenomenon Myth #4 Visual Perceptions Are Accompanied by Tiny Emissions from the Eyes Myth #5 Subliminal Messages Can Persuade People to Purchase Products 2 FROM WOMB TO TOMB Myth #6 Playing Mozart’s Music to Infants Boosts Their Intelligence Myth #7 Adolescence Is Inevitably a Time of Psychological Turmoil Myth #8 Most People Experience a Midlife Crisis in | 8 Their 40s or Early 50s Myth #9 Old Age Is Typically Associated with Increased Dissatisfaction and Senility Myth #10 When Dying, People Pass through a Universal Series of Psychological Stages 3 A REMEMBRANCE OF THINGS PAST Myth #11 Human Memory Works like a Tape Recorder or Video Camera, and Accurate Events We’ve Experienced Myth #12 Hypnosis Is Useful for Retrieving Memories of Forgotten Events Myth #13 Individuals Commonly Repress the Memories of Traumatic Experiences Myth #14 Most People with Amnesia Forget All Details of Their Earlier Lives 4 TEACHING OLD DOGS NEW TRICKS Myth #15 Intelligence (IQ) Tests Are Biased against Certain Groups of People My th #16 If You’re Unsure of Your Answer When Taking a Test, It’s Best to Stick with Your Initial Hunch Myth #17 The Defining Feature of Dyslexia Is Reversing Letters Myth #18 Students Learn Best When Teaching Styles Are Matched to...
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...THE PLAYER Good game design is player-centric. That means that above all else, the player and her desires are truly considered. Rather than demanding that she do something via the rules, the gameplay itself should inherently motivate the player in the direction the designer wants her to go. Telling players they must travel around the board or advance to the next level is one thing. If they don’t have a reason and a desire to do it, then it becomes torture. In creating a game, designers take a step back and think from the player’s viewpoint: What’s this game about? How do I play? How do I win? Why do I want to play? What things do I need to do? MEANINGFUL DECISIONS Distilled down to its essence, game design is about creating opportunities for players to make meaningful decisions that affect the outcome of the game. Consider a game like a boxing match. So many decisions lead up to the ultimate victory. How long will I train? Will I block or will I swing? What is my opponent going to do? Where is his weakness? Jab left or right? Even those few, brief questions don’t come close to the myriad decisions a fighter must make as he progresses through a match. Games invite players into similar mental spaces. Games like Tetris and Chess keep our minds busy by forcing us to consider which one of several possible moves we want to take next. In taking these paths, we know that we may be prolonging or completely screwing up our entire game. The Sims games and those in...
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...Prepared exclusively for Montelymard What Readers Are Saying About Seven Languages in Seven Weeks Knowing multiple paradigms greatly influences our design abilities, so I’m always on the lookout for good books that’ll help me learn them. This book nicely brings prominent paradigms together. Bruce has experience learning and using multiple languages. Now you can gain from his experience through this book. I highly recommend it. Dr. Venkat Subramaniam Award-winning author and founder, Agile Developer, Inc. As a programmer, the importance of being exposed to new programming languages, paradigms, and techniques cannot be overstated. This book does a marvelous job of introducing seven important and diverse languages in a concise—but nontrivial—manner, revealing their strengths and reasons for being. This book is akin to a dim-sum buffet for any programmer who is interested in exploring new horizons or evaluating emerging languages before committing to studying one in particular. Antonio Cangiano Software engineer and technical evangelist, IBM Fasten your seat belts, because you are in for a fast-paced journey. This book is packed with programming-language-learning action. Bruce puts it all on the line, and the result is an engaging, rewarding book that passionate programmers will thoroughly enjoy. If you love learning new languages, if you want to challenge your mind, if you want to take your programming skills to the next level—this book is for you. You...
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