...Genghis Khan was born “Temujin” in 1162, in north central Mongolia. He was born with a blood clot in his hand, a sign in mongolian folklore that he would be a leader. He was born into the borjigin tribe. Temujin married at age 16, but he had multiple wives throughout his life. He had a short life with his family, as when he was 9 he was taken by his father to live with his future bride. Around the same age, he was poisoned by a rival tribe, the tatars. When his father died, he returned to his tribe to take over, but the clan rejected his leadership, and rejected he and his family to a refugee status. He then killed his half brother to confirm his position at the head of the family. At the age of 20, he was captured and temporarily enslaved by his former allies, the faichiats. He then escaped and returned to build a fighting unit with his brother and seven other men....
Words: 620 - Pages: 3
...Psychological Operations (PSYOPs): A Conceptual Overview Sunil Narula Abstract The psychological dimension of a conflict is as important as its physical dimension and psychological Operations (PSYOPs) have become even more relevant in this age of information, especially for a nation-state where the threat in the socio-psychological domain is more pronounced. While combating the menace of terrorism, the psychological dimension assumes great significance, as terrorists use violence as a psychological weapon by terrorising the multitude, rather than physically affect a few, and in this sense, they fight a psychological war also. The relevance of psychological operations is much greater than the successful conduct of tactical operations. This article is an attempt to conceptualise the term PSYOPs in the Indian context. The changed dynamics of international relations following the end of the Cold War and changes in the South Asian strategic landscape, postSeptember 11, have made PSYOPs more relevant for the region. It is also important to know that differences between various related concepts like Propaganda, Information Warfare, and Perception Management are waferthin, and may lead to contested perceptions amongst various agencies working under the overall ambit of national security, if not viewed in the current perspective. Therefore, clarity of the concept will set the stage for an effective implementation of policies and help in setting up of a policy structure in India (which...
Words: 5267 - Pages: 22
...AS LEVEL Specification HISTORY A H105 For first assessment in 2016 ocr.org.uk/alevelhistorya We will inform centres about any changes to the specification. We will also publish changes on our website. The latest version of our specification will always be the one on our website (ocr.org.uk) and this may differ from printed versions. Copyright © 2014 OCR. All rights reserved. Copyright OCR retains the copyright on all its publications, including the specifications. However, registered centres for OCR are permitted to copy material from this specification booklet for their own internal use. Oxford Cambridge and RSA Examinations is a Company Limited by Guarantee. Registered in England. Registered company number 3484466. Registered office: Hills Road 1 Cambridge CB1 2EU. OCR is an exempt charity. Contents Introducing… AS Level History A (from September 2015) Teaching and learning resources iv Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 1 1a. Why choose an OCR qualification? 1 1b. Why choose an OCR AS Level in History A? 2 1c. What are the key features of this specification? 3 1d. 2 iii Professional Development 1 ii How do I find out more information? 3 4 2a. Overview of AS Level in History A (H105) 4 2b. Content of AS Level in History A (H105) 5 2c. Content of unit group 1: British period study and enquiry (Units Y131 to Y143) 8 2c. ...
Words: 21136 - Pages: 85
...CHAPTER I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The chapter I of this research paper tackles about the introduction of the Jejemon language that covers the definition of the different basic terms related to Jejemon and the historical background of the Jejemon language, the significance of the study that states why and to whom this study is beneficial, the statement of purpose that identifies the objectives of this research study, the statement of the problem that consists of the problems that this study is covering to answer and the scope and limitations that enumerate the extent of this research study. Background of the Study Language is very important in our life. It is used to express our thoughts and ideas to communicate with others. In this modern era, language changes constantly. The language that we use today is getting wider and wider. Nowadays, youth; especially students are fond of using cyber gadgets like cell phones and computers to convey their messages and through these, they learned how to cope and change the way they convey their thoughts and ideas in different forms. Indeed, English proficiency is one of the important things that we need to practice. The proper usage of both Filipino and English language is one of the important aspects of Philippine education. Correct grammar, syntax and pronunciation are the main concerns of improving our language proficiency to maintain an effective communication locally and internationally, but due to the continuous development of...
Words: 3305 - Pages: 14
...CHAPTER I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The chapter I of this research paper tackles about the introduction of the Jejemon language that covers the definition of the different basic terms related to Jejemon and the historical background of the Jejemon language, the significance of the study that states why and to whom this study is beneficial, the statement of purpose that identifies the objectives of this research study, the statement of the problem that consists of the problems that this study is covering to answer and the scope and limitations that enumerate the extent of this research study. Background of the Study Language is very important in our life. It is used to express our thoughts and ideas to communicate with others. In this modern era, language changes constantly. The language that we use today is getting wider and wider. Nowadays, youth; especially students are fond of using cyber gadgets like cell phones and computers to convey their messages and through these, they learned how to cope and change the way they convey their thoughts and ideas in different forms. Indeed, English proficiency is one of the important things that we need to practice. The proper usage of both Filipino and English language is one of the important aspects of Philippine education. Correct grammar, syntax and pronunciation are the main concerns of improving our language proficiency to maintain an effective communication locally and internationally, but due to the continuous development of...
Words: 3305 - Pages: 14
...DEFINING PUBLIC RELATIONS pp.298-302 Public relations (PR) is the practice of managing the flow of information between an individual or an organization and the public. PRSA (2010) – Public relations helps our complex, pluralistic society to reach decisions and function more effectively by contributing to mutual understanding among groups and institutions. It serves to bring private and public policies into harmony. Public relations serves a wide variety of institutions in society such as businesses, trade unions, government agencies, voluntary associations, foundations, hospitals, schools, colleges and religious institutions. To achieve their goals, these institutions must develop effective relationships with many different audiences of publics such as employees, members, customers, local communities, shareholders and other institutions, and with society at large. The managements of institutions need to understand the attitudes and values of their publics in order to achieve institutional goals. The goals themselves are shaped by the external environment. The public relations practitioner acts as a counselor to management and as a mediator, helping to translate private aims into reasonable, publicly acceptable policy and action. People who work in the public relations industry are generally known as flacks, public relations specialists, communications specialists, or media specialists. Their primary function is to serve as advocates for their employers—businesses, hospitals...
Words: 4018 - Pages: 17
...55 Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Mongolia: The Water Situation in Ulaanbaatar Hiroshi Sato* I. Introduction To many, Mongolia is a country of steppes and desert. Geographically, the country can be divided into three main regions: north, central and south. These regions vary greatly in terms of terrain, climate and other natural elements. The west of northern Mongolia is a wooded region covered in Siberian taiga forest. Meanwhile, the central region is home to Mongolia’s vast, characteristic steppes, and southern Mongolia is full of desert steppes. In 1990, Mongolia abandoned socialism and its one-party rule as the People’s Revolutionary Party introduced a multiple party system with influence from the Soviet perestroika movement. Then in 1992, the constitution was amended and the nation of Mongolia was born. Through these reforms, Mongolia ushered in a new democracy and transitioned from a planned economy to a market economy. As the economy flourished following the transition, a number of issues came to the surface. Of the issues raised, environmental issues are a major one in Mongolia. Currently, the impacts of domestic economic stimulation and problems such as recent global warming on the environment can be seen everywhere. Mongolia’s environmental problems are wide-ranging; air pollution, waste management, water pollution, overcentralization in the capital, energy issues, water resources, and urban environmental issues are but a few of...
Words: 4251 - Pages: 18
...Arab International University The Arabian Horses Grace to Other Breeds By: Khaled HAMADMAD Damascus, Syria 2011-2012 1 Do the Arabian Horses have preferences over the rest of the other breeds? Arabian Horses were an essential part of producing and breeding the most famous horses in the present day. 2 Outlines: 1. Abstract 2. Introduction 3. Origin of the Arabian Horses 3.1. In Science of History 3.2. In myths and theories 3.3. Arabian Horses in Arabian Peninsula 4. Arabian Horses Characteristics 5. Arabian Horses lineage 6. Influence on other horse breeds 7. Arabian Horses spreading out 7.1. Spread to Europe 7.2. Spread to North America 8. Thoroughbred 9. The Arabian Horses today 10. Famous Arabian Horses 3 1. Abstract And God took a handful of South wind and from it formed a horse, saying: "I create thee, Oh Arabian. To thy forelock, I bind Victory in battle. On thy back, I set a rich spoil And a Treasure in thy loins. I establish thee as one of the Glories of the Earth... I give thee flight without wings." From Ancient Bedouin Legend The image of a great black Arabian stallion, floating along the beach, nose to the wind, tail flagging, caught the attention of audiences with the release of The Black Stallion. The star of this film, Cass Ole, a purebred black Arabian stallion, brought the charisma of the Arabian horse to people worldwide with his flowing mane and proud head. Arabians have existed for centuries to insure that generations...
Words: 4183 - Pages: 17
...Iraq Monica Brown History January 23, 2012 Mr. Fitzsimmons Fact sheet National name: Al Jumhuriyah al Iraqiyah Current government officials Languages: Arabic (official), Kurdish (official in Kurdish regions), Assyrian, Armenian Ethnicity/race: Arab 75%–80%, Kurdish 15%–20%, Turkoman, Assyrian, or other 5% Religions: Islam 97% (Shiite 60%–65%, Sunni 32%–37%), Christian or other 3% National Holiday: Revolution Day, July 17 Literacy rate: 74% (2003 est.) Economic summary: GDP/PPP (2009 est.): $112 billion; per capita $3,600. Real growth rate: 4.3%. Inflation: 6.8%. Unemployment: 15.2%. Arable land: 13%. Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, vegetables, dates, cotton; cattle, sheep, poultry. Labor force: 7.4 million; agriculture n.a., industry n.a., services n.a. Industries: petroleum, chemicals, textiles, leather, construction materials, food processing, fertilizer, metal fabrication/processing. Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, phosphates, sulfur. Exports: $38 billion (2009): crude oil (83.9%), crude materials excluding fuels (8.0%), food and live animals (5.0%). Imports: $55.4 billion (2009): food, medicine, manufactures. Major trading partners: U.S., Spain, Italy, Canada, Syria, Turkey, Jordan (2006). Communications: Telephones: main lines in use: 1.547 million (2005); mobile cellular: 10.9 million (2007). Radio broadcast stations: after 17 months of unregulated media growth, there are approximately 80 radio stations on the air inside...
Words: 3933 - Pages: 16
...Characteristics and Criticisms Iain Hay School of Geography, Population and Environmental ManagementFlinders University A prime function of a leader is to keep hope alive. (John W. Gardner)Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. (Ralph Waldo Emerson)Setting an example is not the main means of influencing another, it is the only means. (Albert Einstein) Collectively, these three short quotations capture some of the key characteristics of transformational leadership, a form of leadership argued by some (Simic, 1998) to match the Zeitgeist of the post-World War II era. Academic debate about the nature and effectiveness of transformational leadership has developed since key work on the topic emerged in the 1970s. This short paper sets out to provide summary answers to three main questions about transformational leadership. What is it? How is it applied? What are some of its key weaknesses? In the course of the discussion, the following pages also provide a brief background to the origins of transformational leadership theory and point quickly to a possible theoretical future for a transformed transformational leadership. Transformational Leadership TheoryAccording to Cox (2001), there are two basic categories of leadership: transactional and transformational. The distinction between transactional and transformational leadership was first made by Downton (1973, as cited in Barnett, McCormick & Conners, 2001) but the idea gained little currency until James McGregor...
Words: 24361 - Pages: 98
...Asian Criminology (2008) 3:61–73 DOI 10.1007/s11417-007-9040-1 Kidnap for Ransom in South East Asia The Case for a Regional Recording Standard Mohd Kassim Noor Mohamed Received: 27 July 2007 / Accepted: 5 November 2007 / Published online: 15 December 2007 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2007 Abstract Kidnapping for ransom is not a new phenomenon. According to the Control Risk Group, an international risk consultancy, kidnappings of foreign nationals globally have increased by 275% over the past 10 years. High profile incidents such as the tourist kidnappings in 2000 by the Abu Sayyaf group, operating out of the troubled southern region of the Philippines, show that South East Asia has its own regionalised kidnapping hotspots. It is suspected that a high proportion of kidnappings are perpetrated by economically motivated crime groups but it is not possible to estimate with any degree of accuracy what percentage can be attributed to organised crime. This article will provide an overview of the problem, drawing upon existing literature available in the public domain. A typological discussion will show the critical differences between the various categories of kidnapping. The reliability of existing statistics, categorisation and recording of kidnapping for ransom will also be scrutinised, in particular for their variability across the region, to see whether this presents a barrier to a better understanding of the size and seriousness of the problem. As kidnapping for...
Words: 8375 - Pages: 34
...CHAPTER I BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY The chapter I of this research paper tackles about the introduction of the jejemon language that covers the definition of the different basic terms related to jejemon and historical background of the jejemon language, the significance of the study that states why and to whom this study is beneficial, the statement of purpose that identifies the objectives of this research study, the statement of the problem that consists of the problems that this study is covering to answer and the scope and limitation that enumerates the extent of this research study. A. Introduction Language is very important in our life. It is used to express our thoughts and ideas to communicate with others. In this modern era, language changes constantly. The language that we use today is getting wider and wider. Nowadays, we use technology like cellphones and computers to convey our messages and through these, people are learning on how to cope up and change the way they convey their thoughts and ideas in different forms. Indeed, English proficiency is one of the important things that we need to practice. The proper usage of both Filipino and English language is one of the important aspects of Philippine education. Correct grammar, syntax and pronunciation are the main concerns of improving our language proficiency to maintain an effective communication locally and internationally, but due to the continuous development of language, the emergence of Jejemon...
Words: 11283 - Pages: 46
...No one should ever work. Work is the source of nearly all the misery in the world. Almost any evil you’d care to name comes from working or from living in a world designed for work. In order to stop suffering, we have to stop working. That doesn’t mean we have to stop doing things. It does mean creating a new way of life based on play; in other words, a ludic conviviality, commensality, and maybe even art. There is more to play than child’s play, as worthy as that is. I call for a collective adventure in generalized joy and freely interdependent exuberance. Play isn’t passive. Doubtless we all need a lot more time for sheer sloth and slack than we ever enjoy now, regardless of income or occupation, but once recovered from employment-induced exhaustion nearly all of us want to act. Oblomovism and Stakhanovism are two sides of the same debased coin. The ludic life is totally incompatible with existing reality. So much the worse for “reality,” the gravity hole that sucks the vitality from the little in life that still distinguishes it from mere survival. Curiously—or maybe not—all the old ideologies are conservative because they believe in work. Some of them, like Marxism and most brands of anarchism, believe in work all the more fiercely because they believe in so little else. Liberals say we should end employment discrimination. I say we should end employment. Conservatives support right-towork laws. Following Karl Marx’s wayward son-in-law Paul Lafargue I support the right to...
Words: 6852 - Pages: 28
...UNIT I DEFORESTATION CHAPTER 1 What is deforestation? Deforestation is the removal or damage of vegetation in a forest to the extent that it no longer supports its natural flora and fauna. In other words, deforestation can be defined as the transformation of forest land to non-forest uses where forest land includes lands under agro-forestry and shifting cultivation, and not simply closed canopy primary forests (FAO/UNEP, 1982). However, this definition does not include “logging”. More inclusive was Myers’s 1980 definition, where deforestation refers, “generally to the complete destruction of forest cover through clearing for agriculture … [so] … that not a tree remains, and the land is given over to non-forest purposes … [and where] very heavy and unduly negligent logging … [result in a] … decline of biomass and depletion of ecosystem services … . So severe that the residual forest can no longer qualify as forest in any practical sense of the world.” Alan Graigner (1980, AS quoted in Saxena and Nautiyal, 1997) asserts that selective logging does not “lead to forest clearance and does not constitute deforestation”, whereas Norman Myers (1980, 1993) thinks that logging is crucial because, although it may only affect a small proportion of trees per hectare, it damages wide areas and is the precursor of penetration by the forest farmers. For the purpose of this study, the FAO’s latest definitions (1993) will be used. The FAO defines forests as “ecosystems with a minimum...
Words: 17310 - Pages: 70
...TExES I Texas Examinations of Educator Standards Preparation Manual 133 History 8–12 Copyright © 2006 by the Texas Education Agency (TEA). All rights reserved. The Texas Education Agency logo and TEA are registered trademarks of the Texas Education Agency. Texas Examinations of Educator Standards, TExES, and the TExES logo are trademarks of the Texas Education Agency. This publication has been produced for the Texas Education Agency (TEA) by ETS. ETS is under contract to the Texas Education Agency to administer the Texas Examinations of Educator Standards (TExES) program and the Certification of Educators in Texas (ExCET) program. The TExES program and the Examination for the Certification of Educators in Texas (ExCET) program are administered under the authority of the Texas Education Agency; regulations and standards governing the program are subject to change at the discretion of the Texas Education Agency. The Texas Education Agency and ETS do not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, or disability in the administration of the testing program or the provision of related services. PREFACE The State Board for Educator Certification (SBEC) has developed new standards for Texas educators that delineate what the beginning educator should know and be able to do. These standards, which are based on the state-required curriculum for students—the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS)—form the basis for new Texas Examinations...
Words: 14132 - Pages: 57
