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Geography Explaining Ethiopia

In: Social Issues

Submitted By funkymonkey123
Words 1019
Pages 5
Some parts of the Horn of Africa have been hit by the worst drought in 60 years, the UN says. Large areas of Somalia, Ethiopia, Djibouti and Kenya are in a crisis or an emergency.

The Sahel region of Africa has been suffering from drought since the early 1980s. The land is marginal in Sahel regions over cultivation, overgrazing are human activities can lead to desertification especially when it is combined with drought. Drought is a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall for a specific area, which leads to a shortage of water. A drought occurs when there in to enough rainfall to support people or crops.
Sahel is in the Eco-climatic and bio-geographic zone stretch/transition between the Sahara desert (north) and the Sudanian Savannas (south). It is also located between the Atlantic Ocean and the Red sea. Covers parts of Senegal, southern Mauritania, Mali, Burkina Faso, southern Algeria, northern Nigeria, Chad, Sudan, northern Ethiopia and Eritrea

Annual rainfall is 200 mm in the north and 600 mm in the south on average. There are not enough wells to access water in the ground to provide irrigation when the rains fail. Since 1985, 77% of tree cover has been cut down, this reduces transpiration from plants and so means rain is less likely. Ethiopia is a very poor country, the 5th poorest in the world. The result of drought is soil erosion, famine, starvation. 60% export food .80% of the population rely on agriculture mainly in subsistence and rain-fed farming and livestock production. Despite this, more than 31 million Ethiopians don’t have enough nutritious food to eat. People are less able to work during drought due to starvation, this leads to many deaths.
On its own, food aid is unsustainable in the long term. What is really needed is development aid, which involves educating the local community in farming practices.

Urbanisation means an increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas compared to rural areas. An urban area is a built-up area such as a town or city. High concentrations of people‚ buildings and infrastructure‚ increases risk to natural disasters‚ climate change and variability. Urbanisation in sub Saharan Africa is increasing
Migration from rural areas on average accounts for about 60 per cent of the urban population and in exceptional cases, as much as 75 %. Poverty in rural areas resulting from low agricultural productivity, has been one of the strongest motivations for migration to urban centres. In some instances, prolonged drought or other natural disasters exacerbates rural poverty leading to mass migration from rural to urban areas. The government policies, including state-controlled pricing and marketing of agricultural products force farmers and their families to migrate to cities.

Developing regions, including Sub-Saharan Africa, are experiencing the fastest rate of urbanisation attributed to high levels of natural population increase and an increase in rural-to-urban migration.
The worst drought in Ethiopia for 50 years is happening right now, with the overall emergency response estimated to cost $1.4 billion

El Nino occurs when weakening trade winds allow the warmer water from the western pacific to flow toward the east. The waters of the eastern tropical pacific warm this can cause a range of potential consequences for global weather. While parts of South America typically have heavy rainfall, warmer, drought-like conditions are experienced in Australia, south-east Asia and southern Africa.

El Nino occurs when weakening trade winds allow the warmer water from the western pacific to flow toward the east. The waters of the eastern tropical pacific warm this can cause a range of potential consequences for global weather. While parts of South America typically have heavy rainfall, warmer, drought-like conditions are experienced in Australia, south-east Asia and southern Africa.

Primary impacts
A drought, shortage of water due to lack of rain in south, east Africa

Secondary impacts
Herdsmen migrated, moving 1000s of cattle, animals died on the way which lead to carcasses of dead animals in the Awash River (main source of water) led to outbreaks of cholera. People already weak are vulnerable to diseases. Government asked for outside help from aid agencies such as the Red Cross.
Over 6 million needed immediate food.
Large rise in malnourishment.
Many children didn’t attend schools as they were either too ill or were helping their families, schools closed.
Food prices rise by 130%.
Only 20% have access to safe drinking water which forced People to drink river water contaminated by cattle urine and dung.
Livestock became diseased and died, their value decreased as the drought continued they died.
Water content in ponds, deep wells decreased, water supply became critical

Social impacts
More than 6 million people needed assistance
Estimated 500,000 people died due to famine 1983-1985
Drought forces people to migrate to a new home, increase of urbanisation
Anxiety or depression about economic losses caused by drought
Health problems related to low water flows and poor water quality, a spread of diseases
Loss of human life
More than 10 million people are thought to be affected across the region.

Economic impacts
Cost of food increased by 130%
80% are subsisting farmers they live on their own produce, they export 60% of their produce. Crops failed leads to starvation, they lose money

Environmental impacts
Losses or destruction of fish and wildlife habitat
Lack of food and drinking water for wild animals
Increase in disease in animals, because of reduced food and water supplies
Migration of wildlife
Increased stress on endangered species or even extinction
Lower water levels in reservoirs, lakes, and ponds, Loss of wetlands
More wildfires
Wind and water erosion of soils
Poor soil quality

Response
Development aid drilled boreholes to create wells to provide water supply during drought. OXFAM and WaterAid have invested in development programmes aimed at increasing the access to clean water.
Villagers Built low walls using rocks to trap water so people don’t have to walk far.
Training in water hygiene.
UNICEF spent $16 million on relief aid
Vaccinations were provided at emergency centres
Trees were planted to conserve moisture in the soil

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