...General George C. Marshall I selected General George C. Marshall for my leadership and management paper. Born George Catlett Marshall, December 31, 1880 in Pennsylvania, he was both a military leader and a diplomat. Regarded as one of the principal architects of America’s defeat of both Germany and Japan during World War II; I will define the ways in which he was a leader and manager. The leadership roles he had and their similarities. The obstacles he had to overcome and whether or not he was effective. How He Was a Leader and Manager General Marshall was one of a rare breed of people who are successful in all they do. While we all know people who are successful in one thing or another, seldom do we see someone who consistently are effective in such a broad range of jobs. If you look at General Marshall’s career, regardless of the challenge given him, his leadership and management was guided consistently by a set of never-changing principles. “His traits of honesty and candor gained the trust of millions of Americans and the respect of world leaders during his 50 years of selfless service” ("About George Marshall", 2009). He managed people, programs, and materials during both a time when the world was at war or during peace time. He strove to do the right thing in everything he did and quickly became a master of any situation. He earned the undying loyalty of those who either served him or served with him. Leadership Role Similarities and Differences ...
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...important part of organizational success. This paper will discuss the challenge of effective communication as illustrated by a recent change of direction at the George C. Marshall European Center for Security Studies (Marshall Center). First it will identify the situation of change and conflict at the Marshall Center. This will be done by identifying the knowledge, skills, sensitivity, and values that come into play as they have been taught throughout this term. Second, this paper will discuss the possible alternatives to address the situation and test the possible solutions. Lastly, the paper will propose solutions and recommend implementation plans. * Overview of the Organization and Case Study The Marshall Center is a highly respected German and American partnership based in Garmisch, Germany. It has 175 employees and has recently undergone a transformation. The fiscal and political realities of decreased defense budgets in the United States and Germany have led to a need for consolidation of responsibilities and decrease in the number of employees. The dean of the College of International and Security Studies (the College) was recently tasked with the responsibility of combining resident and outreach programs within the College. Previously, outreach programs existed as a separate division within the Marshall Center and had consisted of three regional teams: Central and Southeast Europe; Eurasia and the Black Sea; and Central Asia. The dean’s challenge was to integrate...
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...The execution of the Plan began in April 1948. It had been worked out by the top leaders: George C. Marshall, Paul G. Hoffman, and Averell Harriman. The funds were administered by the Economic Cooperation Administration (ECA), which was formed for the purpose of the Plan. The first aid went to Greece and Turkey, who were then followed by Italy. Most of the funds from the ECA went to purchase goods for the European countries. Although these represented only a small part of the European GNP, this drastically helped to improve their economies. However, there is criticism in this method of execution because most of the goods purchased for the countries were manufactured by American companies. Many believe that it was a way for the U.S. to try and gain economic control of Europe, making the plan a selfish reason instead of to help better the world. The counterargument to this is that there was no way for the United States to gain the amount of control needed for imperialism when their aid only contributed to about 2.5% of the GNP of the recipients. Much of the money went...
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...which exploits workers; ideally all property, businesses & industry should be state-owned, ‘each gives according to their ability to those according to their need’ Economics: Marshall Plan (1947) – provision of fuel, raw materials, goods, loans, food, ……………..machinery advisers US exploited it financial power to export Western values – dollar imperialism 1948-52, US Congress voted nearly $13bn economic aid to Europe Trade war with Communist countries, e.g. Cuba Military tensions: Korean War (1950-3), Vietnam (early 1960s -1973); US …………military …………..build-up, e.g. 1960 2.4 US military personnel around world; …………1959, 1,500 ………….military bases in 31 countries Treaties: NATO (1949) – North Atlantic Treaty Organisation SEATO (1954)– South East Asia Treaty Organisation Warsaw Pact (1955)– military defensive pact amongst eastern European nations COMECON (1949)– Council for Mutual Economic Assistance Propaganda: European Recovery Program – propaganda as much as economic ………..exercise Benefits of Marshall Plan advertised Italy became a focus of economic rebuilding after WWII - ‘Operation Bambi’ used minstrels, puppet shows and film Espionage: CIA (1947) – founded to co-ordinate information gathering on ………USSR and ………..Allies. Activities included: Support for anti-Communist political leaders, e.g. Christian Democrats, 1948 elections ‘Regime change’, e.g. overthrow of left-wing govt in Iran & Guatemala, Operation Executive Action (1961), collaborated with Mafia...
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...EFM Academy – Summary: Essentials of contemporary management, Gareth R. Jones, Jennifer M. George / Marketing – Real People, Real Choices, Solomon / Marshall / Stuart Essentials of Contemporary Management Chapter 1 What is Management? – The Management Process Today Management is the planning, organizing, leading and controlling of human and other resources to achieve organizational goals efficiently and effectively Achieving high performance: a manger’s goal Organizational performance is a measure of how efficiently and effectively managers use resources to satisfy customers and achieve organizational goals. Efficiency is a measure of how well or how productively resources are used to achieve goals; o Organizations are efficient when the amount of input resources or the amount of time needed to produce a given output of goods or services is minimized Effectiveness is a measure of the appropriateness of the goals that managers have selected for the organization to pursue and of the degree to which the organization achieves its goals o Organizations are effective when appropriate goals are chosen and achieved High effectiveness Low efficiency A product that the customer want, but that is too expensive for them to buy A low-quality product that customers do not want High efficiency A product that customers want at a quality and price that they can afford A high-quality product that customers do not want - Low effectiveness Managerial Functions … are planning...
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...Robert L. Hines Nolan Higdon History – 121 July 22, 2014 Final Report When America came out of WW II it was the greatest power country in the world. America had created the most powerful Navy and Air Force, and accounted for most of the world’s manufacturing capacity 1}. New institutions were created that promise goals with that of the United Nations and World Bank. The leaders all felt that security in the Nation depended on the security of Europe and Asia with America growing globally in the economic Reconstruction 2}. The containment and Truman doctrine played the role President Roosevelt thought America should remain friendly with the Soviet Union after WW II. This only seemed that the two most powerful nations would at some point have a conflict 3}. That confrontation began during the cold war in the Middle East. You see after WW II ended Soviets began taking over parts of Northern Iran, with plans of bullying the country into letting them into their oil fields 4}. In 1946, American diplomat George Kennan informed the Truman administration that you can’t deal with the Soviet government in a normal way, Kennan felt the Russians couldn’t be moved from controlling eastern Europe 5}. In his message that would become known as the containment, which the U.S said they would prevent anymore expansion of power in the Soviet Union. With the Truman doctrine and America convinced, that Stalin couldn’t be trusted, America took full responsibility of providing leadership...
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...century strategic leaders by LTC JP Moore Strategic Leadership 24 October 2012 U.S. Army War College Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania 17013 It became clear to me [as the Chief of Staff of the Army]…I would have to learn new tricks that were not taught in the military manuals or on the battlefield. In this position [as a strategic leader] I am a political soldier and will have to put my training in rapping-out orders and making snap decisions on the back burner; and have to learn the arts of persuasion and guile. I must become an expert in a whole new set of skills. George C. Marshall After a review of the aforementioned George C. Marshall quote and the research conducted for this piece, the author draws the conclusion that the success – or failure – of a strategic leader depends on his or her abilities as an intellectual, culturally aware team builder, influencer, and a communicator above the tactical and operational levels of leadership. With this judgment, the following piece will answer two questions. What key competencies should a strategic leader possess in order to align their organizations to a constantly changing and complex – VUCA and JIIM – environment? How do these competencies facilitate his or her strategic organization’s alignment to the constantly changing and complex – VUCA and JIIM – environment? Strategic leader competencies generally consist of the “knowledge, skills, attributes, and capacities that enable a leader to perform his required...
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...Dr. Burrows History 112 26 November 2012 Berlin Airlift Photograph Analysis There is a popular saying that “a picture is worth a thousand words”, an expression simply meaning that photographs have the ability to help tell a story. For instance, there is the famous kiss photo taken in Times Square after Japan’s surrender on August 15, 1945. The picture has become an American symbol that portrays the victory and patriotism felt by Americans on that great day. Likewise, an image of an American plane flying over the city of Berlin, Germany in 1948 has its own significance in our world’s history. This particular photograph is in black and white and shows a crowd of Berlin citizens looking up at a low-flying plane. It is not necessarily exceptional from an artistic standpoint, for the quality is not remarkable and without knowledge of the circumstance of those photographed, the picture could easily be overlooked. Looking closely, only children appear in the picture with the exception of one older man, who is the only person with his face in view of the camera’s shot. The presence of a large crowd indicates anxiousness for the arrival of this plane, which happens to be carrying a load of supplies for the people. The photo was captured from the bottom of the hill that the children are standing on, thus separating the photographer from the event. The scene does not look posed, especially because there are some children walking through the frame. It appears that the photographer...
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...with their excellence in riding and attacking in an extremely brutal manner that terrorized enemies. During the thirteenth century the world was taken by a storm. It changed the entire map of the world. Many nations had to permanently leave their homes to settle in other places. Political boundaries as well as cultural values changed. The three major religions of the world: Islam, Christianity, and Buddhism were also affected along with other changes that came about. For our benefit the Mongols expanded the world where East met the West. Some of the most ferocious leaders of the Mongols were Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan, Hulegu, and Tamerlane. (Nicolle). The life of the Mongols was a constant cycle of seasonal migrations from the flat open summer pastures to protected river valleys for the winter. Each tribe or clan would return to their traditional pastures year after year. (Marshall 16). Today, extended nomadic families live on large collectives of land controlled by the state. Eight hundred years ago, the Mongols lived not on collectives but in loosely defined tribes or clans. They shared the land; took care of their sheep, and horses. Horses were their most prized possessions. Some eight hundred years ago, they lived in tribes or clans. (17). In these modern times the life of Mongol herdsmen still revolves around their sheep and cattle because they are used for food and also as beasts of burden. (16). The nomads took full advantage of the...
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...an average soldier can rise to challenges and take revenge on another human with no regard to their humanity. The team of eight are then ordered on a mission to find Private Ryan and return him stateside. Three of Private Ryan’s brothers that are serving in the military have been killed in action. When a clerk remembers processing the same last names and their addresses, she brings it to General George C. Marshall attention. General Marshall decides that one family should not suffer losing all of their sons to war and that Private Ryan is to be removed from combat and out of harm’s way. The squad makes their way across France to the town where they finally find Private Ryan and inform him that he is to be sent home. Throughout the trip, the squad meets up with a pilot of a downed glider that would not fly because of added metal plates for protecting a General that was onboard. This decision cost over twenty men to lose their lives trying to protect one person. Two members are killed on the march from enemy fire and another four die defending a bridge with Private Ryan. The squad leader tells Ryan to “earn this”...
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...Which of the external factors was most important in the Communist take over of Czechoslovakia in 1948? World Count: 3100 By Tomas Topolanek IB Extended Essay Subject: History School: International School of Prague Supervisor: Lawrence Hrubes Date: 17 September 2011 Session: 2012 Candidate Number: 000889-046 Abstract: The year 1948 was an essential period of time for the Czechoslovak history and its future. From the foundation of Czechoslovakia in 1918, Czechoslovakia was still under worldwide influence of world powers such as Soviet Union, United Kingdom or United States. In order to answer the question, “Which of the external factors was most important in the Communist take over of Czechoslovakia in 1948?” Firstly I wanted to focus my essay only on how were the Communist reliable of takeover Czechoslovakia in 1948. After investigation it was discovered that the Czechoslovak history from year 1948 was mostly affected only by the external factors. A number of secondary sources are used including textbooks and biographies; both online and print, one of the secondary source was in Czech language. The scope of the investigation is focused on years from 1938 to the final takeover in 1948. Several external examples are used, why external factors were mostly important in Communist take over. Two very significant important factors what happened were the conference in Yalta, and the Czechoslovak-Soviet Treaty of Alliance signed by Czechoslovak president...
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...Their "shotgun marriage" 1 was always unlikely, given the history of antagonism between them. The union was to be short lived, with the ideological and political differences leading to the collapse of the Grand Alliance within five years of the end of the war. Despite wartime hopes that the great allies may be able to continue in their relationship in peace and provide stability to the world community, the diplomatic and military relationship between the two dominant powers, the United States and Russia, quickly degenerated into the so-called 'Cold War' which was to dominate world politics for the next half a century. [Listen to Owen talk about presenting an argument] [Listen to Owen talk about writing intros] During the war the allied leaders were aware that victory in Europe and the Pacific meant much more than just the abolition of an intolerable political regime. Talking in 1944, Stalin said: "This war is not as in the past; whoever occupies a territory also imposes on it his own social system. Everyone imposes his own system as far as his army has power to do so. It cannot be otherwise." 2 Consequently, as the threat of Nazism in Europe was clearly destined for defeat, the attention of the allies turned to post-war Europe. With fear of a Communist dominated Eastern and Central Europe in mind, British army chiefs even went so far as to advocate spearhead assaults on Berlin, Prague and Vienna in order to stop them falling into Soviet hands. [Listen to Owen talk about using...
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...The First Great Awakening Research Paper Submitted to Dr. William Bryant CHHI 302-D01 201340 BY Chris Jones November 21, 2013 Introduction The Great Awakening, which found its beginnings in 1740, was the first event to effectively influence all of the British colonies. In recent years religion had become complacent, and many people were going to church, but not really benefitting from the teachings. Going through the motions and acting like they were gaining something out of it was the main thought of the time. During this time, strong minded evangelists emerged and began preaching with fire-and-brimstone on their tongues; declaring the only way to find salvation was through conversion. This spirited revival became what is known as the Great Awakening. The Great Awakening empowered people to begin thinking on their own, making their own decisions, which brought them closer in relationship with God. The Great Awakening is believed to be one of the reasons the colonists lost favor with the British Empire, and gave rise to the beginnings of the American Revolution. The Great Awakening The Great Awakening had its beginnings in the American colony of New Jersey. Frelinghuysen and Gilbert Tennent are recognized as the first to organize the Awakening. Frelinghuysen, a Dutch pastor raised in the Dutch reformed churches, began teaching the necessity of deep transformation in the 1720’s. Tennent followed his father when he continued organizing the “log colleges” where...
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...villages had been burned, 85% of children were tubercular” (Truman). Europe was in bad shape during the Cold War. Ayers, et al. defines the Cold War as an era of tension between the United States and the Soviet Union conflicting mainly communism( Ayers, et al. 8--) President Truman led the United States during the beginning of the Cold War. President Eisenhower took office after Truman which left President Kennedy as the last president to lead during the Cold War. These leaders created many policies and uses of aid during their time in office to stop the spread of communism. While all of the U.S. Cold War Presidents dealt with the containment of communism, Truman emphasized giving economic aid, Eisenhower emphasized more military use, and Kennedy emphasized the idea of Flexible Response. All three presidents main goal was the containment of communism. American Anthem Reconstruction to the President says the containment policy was implemented to stop the spreading of communism. This policy was created by George F. Kennan in the late...
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...Once the proud capital of Germany Berlin was divided by a barrier that was patrolled day and night by armed soldiers and guard dogs. On August 13, 1961 shortly after midnight police and soldiers in the Communist controlled Berlin moved quickly to set up barriers. Berliners woke to find their city divided into east and west sectors. A communist nation led by the Soviet Union was in control of East Berlin. While West Berlin was controlled by a democratic nation led by the United States (Epler, 1992). The Berlin Wall known as Berliner Mauer in German (Rosenberg, 2016). It was a symbol of the Cold War. Trying to cross the Wall meant risking one’s life. One side of the Wall people were free to do all the normal things. While the other side of the wall people’s freedom was being taken away. Imagine that your best friend lives a mile away. You have been pals since first grade. You do everything together: school, soccer games, sleepovers. One day, men come and put up a barbed-wire fence between your house and your buddy’s house. Later, they replace it with a very long, very tall concrete wall. Each slab weighs 6,000 pounds, and many of them are topped with sharp wire. When they finish, you stare at the giant wall that has split your home town in two. On your side the wall is ugly but not too scary. On the other side, rattling tanks, soldiers with machine guns and growling dogs keep people from trying to cross the barrier. The wall stands 12 feet high. Your friend...
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