...goods increases, but imports also increases. GDP stays the same. Income side: it does not increase in France but in the US. Value added: it increases in the US and not in France Winning the lotery is just a money transfer, it does not involve production, therefore it does not affect GDP. It is legalized so it should count in GDP and increase it, but because it is domestic production, it is not meant to be sold, so it does not affect GDP. Expenditure: consumption in non-durable goods increases by €105. Income side: wages plus profits shoul increase by €105. Value added: Restaurants value added should increase by €105. Exercise 4 (i) NominalGDP2012 = QuantityTV * PriceTV2012 + QuantityComputers * PriceComputers2012 = 100*500+20*1,000 NominalGDP2012= €70,000 NominalGDP2013 = QuantityTV * PriceTV2013 + QuantityComputers * PriceComputers2013 = 80*400+30*1,200 NominalGDP2013= €68,000 NominalGDP2014 = QuantityTV * PriceTV2014 + QuantityComputers * PriceComputers2014 = 90*300+40*1,500 NominalGDP2014 = €87,000 (ii) RealGDP2012 = NominalGDP2012 RealGDP2013 = QuantityTV * PriceTV2012 + QuantityComputers * PriceComputers2012 = 80*500+30*1,000 RealGDP2013 = €70,000 RealGDP2014 = QuantityTV * PriceTV2012 + QuantityComputers * PriceComputers2012 = 90*500+40*1,000 RealGDP2014 = €85,000 (iii) gnominal =...
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...and 3. Fortified wine (17-22%) France is the leading country from the top 10 producers of wine in the world. Subsequently there are: Italy, USA, Spain, Argentina, Germany, South Africa, Australia, Chile and Portugal. Grapes are agricultural products that require specific growing conditions. There are limitations on where vines can be grown. Some of these limitations are: the growing season, the number of days of sunlight, angle of the sun, average temperature, and rainfall. Soil is of primary concern, and adequate drainage is a requisite. The right amount of sun ripens the grapes properly to give them the sugar/acid balance that makes the difference between fair, good, and great wine. Each major wine-producing country has government-sponsored control agencies and laws that regulate all aspects of wine production and set certain minimum standards that must be observed. Some examples: * France : Appellation d’Origine Controlee (AOC) * Italy : Denominazione di Origine Controllata (DOC) * USA : Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau * Germany : Ministry of Agriculture * Spain : Denominacion de Origen (DO) There are three major grapes from which white wine is produced: 1. Riesling 2. Sauvignon Blanc 3. Chardonnay Regions where they grow best are: 1. Riesling : Germany, Alsace (France), New York State, Washington State 2. Sauvignon Blanc : Bordeaux-Loire Valley (France), New Zealand, California (Fume Blanc) 3. Chardonnay : Burgundy-Champagne...
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...Analysis: Debt-to-GDP ratio – United States compared to Germany Econ 201 Alexandria Walker University of Maryland University College Professor Mensah-Dartey Analysis: Debt-to-GDP ratio- United States compared to Germany United States Debt- to-GDP ratio In the last year the United States has painfully reached the net public debt to GDP ratio of 100 percent. This would be the federal government’s accumulated debt that is equal or has actually surpassed the United States Gross Domestic Product in 2010. After the debt ceiling limit was passed, the Treasury borrowed $238 billion in 2010. This brought public debt to $14.58 trillion dollars, slightly higher than the United States GDP in 2010, which was $14.54 trillion. It is believed that this is purely a domestic political issue. The international ramifications of the growing national debt are equally as important the domestic ones. After all, the United States primary creditors are overseas. The United States economy forms the bedrock of the global economy. Washington has the largest and most diverse economy in the world. Its currency is even more important, as the dollar is the currency used in most international transactions. This economic disaster stems from a troublesome history. The history of modern civilization is unique in that it contains some very simple figures that always act as causation for a certain result. In the case of debt, what is clear is that any country who sees its debt...
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...and glorious victory. From August 8th, 1918 to November 11th 1918, Canada’s 100 Days played a great role in ending the war on a good path for Canada. Many wonder why Canada was so successful in these final battles, and how they defeated German troops on the Western Front. Canada was prosperous in these final days because of German weakness, carefully planned strategies, and determination in many battles. Canadian victory all began with a reason to continue pushing forward with force, and a strategically planned first attack in the beginning of Canada’s 100 Days. With the Russian surrender to Germany, German armies moved an extra 600,000 troops from the eastern front to the western front. With Germany losing extreme amounts of...
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...The Volkswagen Group with its headquarters in Wolfsburg is one of the world’s leading automobile manufacturers and the largest carmaker in Europe. In 2011, the Group increased the number of vehicles delivered to customers to 8.265 million (2010: 7.203 million), corresponding to a 12.3 percent share of the world passenger car market. In Western Europe over one in five new cars (23.0 percent) comes from the Volkswagen Group. Group sales revenue in 2011 totalled €159 billion (2010: €126.9 billion). Profit after tax in the 2011 financial year amounted to €15.8 billion (2010: €7.2 billion). The Group is made up of ten brands* from seven European countries: Volkswagen, Audi, SEAT, ŠKODA, Bentley, Bugatti, Lamborghini, Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, Scania and MAN. Each brand has its own character and operates as an independent entity on the market. The product spectrum extends from low-consumption small cars to luxury class vehicles. In the commercial vehicle sector, the product offering ranges from pick-ups to buses and heavy trucks. The Volkswagen Group is also active in other fields of business, manufacturing large-bore diesel engines for marine and stationary applications (turnkey power plants), turbochargers, turbo-machinery (steam and gas turbines), compressors and chemical reactors, and also producing vehicle transmissions, special gear units for wind turbines, slide bearings and couplings as well as testing systems for the mobility sector. The Group operates 94...
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...Week 13 – Introduction to Macroeconomics (Chapters 16 and 17) 1. In the years to 2050 the Japanese population is expected to decline, while the fraction of the population that is retired is expected to increase sharply. What are the implications of these population changes for total output and average living standards in Japan, assuming that average labour productivity continues to grow? What if average labour productivity stagnates? Solution 1: Slowing population growth and an increased share of retired people both imply slower growth in the number of people employed. If average labour productivity (output per employed worker) continues to grow at earlier rates, total output will still grow more slowly than before, because of slower growth in the number of workers. If average labour productivity stagnates, then total output will grow very slowly or even decline. Living standards depend not on total output but on output divided by the total population. Slowing population growth reduces total output but also the number of people who share that output. So slower population growth in itself should not affect living standards. However, a reduced share of the population that is working, all else equal, will reduce output per person, lowering living standards. Slower productivity growth will only worsen this problem. 2. Is it possible for average living standards to rise during a period in which average labour productivity is falling? Discuss, using a numerical example...
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... (Group leader) Aamir Khan (21) Zeeshan Arshad (55) Union Aid for Afghan Refugees By means of limited sources but with the objective of humanitarian assistance, Dr.T.Nassery, an Afghan Professor laid the foundation stone of Union Aid for Afghan Refugees (UAAR) as a pioneer organization and initiated its activities in health sector after its establishment in 1997 that formally commenced from 1980 with the prior permission of Govt. of Pakistan. The organization has close coordination with UNHCR, Afghan Commissioner ate, PDH and other NGOs that are serving for the welfare of Afghan Refugees. This organization operated most of its activities by Humanitarian Assistance of the Government & the generous people of Germany. They afforded their financial and moral assistance to this organization. Basically, this organization had financially been supported by a German based organization VAF “Verein fur Afghanish-Fordrung”. Due to decrease of funds from our German Donor, UNHCR started funding this organization in health sector, since 1992. PRESENTLY THE ORGANIZATION IS RUNNING THE FOLLOWING ACTIVITIES: * BHUs (since 1980): Total Number of BHUs (8) Funded by UNHCR (6) since 1992 Funded by AFV (2) since 2000 UNHCR funded BHUs 1. Kababian 2. Khazana 3. Naguam 4. Utmanzai 5. Azakhe-i 6. Azakhe-ii AFV funded BHUs: 7) Adezai 8) Mundapul Union Aid has been providing health facility to the encamped refugees in Peshawar, ...
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... |Title |Page no | |1 |ABSTRACT |2 | |2 |INTRODUCTION |3 | |3 |VARIOUS MODELS PROPOSED BY GERMAN GOVERNMENT |3-4 | |4 | |4-5 | | |PROS AND CONS OF TOLL SYSTEM IN GERMANY | | |5 |CONCLUSION |6 | |6 |REFERENCES |7 | ABSTRACT Due to the financial crisis in constructing infrastructure and maintenance for autobahns,...
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... • 1957 - Treaty of Rome (Germany, Belgium, Luxemnourg, Italy, France and Netherlands) • 1979 European Monetary Union (EMU) - Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) • still own currencies • economic cycles were not in sync • 1992 The Maastricht Treaty - introducing the Maastricht Criteria: • Independence from their governments • Convergence in inflation rate >> convergence in long-term interest rates (average had to be near of the group‘s best performer) • Fiscal deficits could not exceed 3% of GDP (growth & stability pact) • Government debt < 60% GDP • 1999 Euro: rate of 1.16675 dollars per Euro - 11 countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. • became major international currency • 2001 • 2007 Slovenia, Cyprus • 2008 Malta • 2009 Slovakia • 2011 Estonia < • 10 Eu members do not use the Euro: Bulgaria , Czech Republic, Denmark, Latvia, Lithuania, Hungary, Poland, Russia, Sweden, UK • at first: convergence of long-term interest rates because of common monetary policies, common currency, perceived fiscal straightjacket (growth and stability pact) >> market pushed long term rates down >> created bubbles (exp. real estate) 2008: after Lehman collapse: gap between Greece and Germany started to increase (100 points) >> divergence seemd natural 2009: • risky assets all over the world >> spread widened (300 points) >> went back to 100 points same year • ECB calmed the markets (policy...
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...levels combined, increased between 2000 and 2008. Private spending increased at an even greater rate in more than three-quarters of countries and, on average among OECD countries, the share of private funding for educational institutions increased between 2000 and 2008. Chart B3.1. Share of private expenditure on educational institutions (2008) Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education Tertiary education 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Chile Korea Japan1 United Kingdom United States Australia Israel Canada1 Portugal Russian Federation OECD average Poland Mexico New Zealand Italy Netherlands Slovak Republic1 Estonia Spain Czech Republic Argentina France Ireland Slovenia Austria Germany Sweden Belgium Iceland Finland Denmark1 Norway Switzerland Luxembourg % 1. Some levels of education are included with others. Refer to “x” code in Table B1.1a for details. Countries are ranked in descending order of the share of private expenditure on educational institutions for tertiary education. Source: OECD....
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...selected is Germany and the advanced developing country selected is China. The discussion will focus on the countries’ origin, geography, population, government cultural groups and economy. GERMANY According to the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) (2012), Germany is Europe’s leading economy and second largest populated country. Germany is well known for its technological, educational achievements and economic productivity being the world’s highest; the country has produced some of Europe’s most celebrated philosophers, poets and composers (U.S. Department of State, 2012). Origin German- speaking regions in Europe were split into several hundred empires, duchies, principalities, fiefdoms, bishoprics, and self-governing cities and towns (U.S. Department of State, 2012). Germany did not exist until 1871 (U.S. Department of State, 2012). Goethe and Schiller the two of the most Germany’s famous writers recognized through poetic lament the central feature of most Germany’s history (U.S. Department of State, 2012). In 1945, the US, UK, Soviet Union and France occupied Germany after two overwhelming World Wars (Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 2012). In 1949 two Germany states were formed western Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) and eastern German Democratic Republic (GDR) (CIA, 2012). Finally, the German Democratic and the Federal Republic of Germany unified in 1990 to form the Germany federal Republic (U.S. Department State 2012). Geographic characteristics: Germany is located...
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...globalisation in both developing and industrialised countries? Table of Content Executive Summary…………………………………………………………………………...3 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………... 5 2. Discussion……………………………………………………………………………. 5 2.1 Definition: What is child labour? ..................................................................... 5 2.2 Definition: What is globalisation? ………………………………………….... 6 2.3 Difference between developing and industrialised countries……………........ 6 2.3.1 Facts and background of India and Germany ………………………………... 7 2.3.2 ILO Convention no. 138 …………………………………………………….. 8 2.3.3 Perception of child labour in society ………………………………………… 8 2.3.4 Laws and how they are executed……………………………………………... 9 2.4.1 School attendance rate ……………………………………………………… 10 2.4.1 School drop-out rate ………..………………………………………………. 10 2.5.1 Structural change and the state of economy………………………………… 11 2.5.2 Digression to historical development in Germany………………………….. 11 2.5.3 Deriving historical insight in present India…………………………………… 12 2.6.1 Value of the individuals workforce…………………………………………… 12 2.6.2 Distribution of income………………………………………………………... 12 2.6.3 Poverty and workforce………………………………………………………... 13 2.7 Globalisation and its impact on child labour……………………………………. 13 3. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………... 14...
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...study is to reveal the differences of education in the world. The collected data shows the education situation of the countries over the years from 2000 to 2013. The research conducted was based on several websites’ comparison due to the fact that most of these databases are incomplete. The report examines 11 countries from each group based on random selection, but each part of the globe. The main question to be answered is whether there is a correlation between education, living standards (education, health…) and the type of country. How has the level of education changed the world in recent years? Today, education is still inaccessible right for millions of children worldwide. Over-age children attend 72 million primary school do not attend school and more than 759 million adults are illiterate and do not have the knowledge to improve their lives and those of their children. 1 Analyse of the data Enrolment rate in primary school in 2006 and 2013 (percentage) 2006 2013 Brazil 95 95 Canada 100 100 Côte d'Ivoire 62 62 France 99 99 Germany 96 100 Guinea 51 76 Hungary 89 97 India 84 99 Niger 40 64 South Africa 87 90 United States 92 93 Total n= 11 11 Average 81.36 88.64 Median 89 95 MAX 100 100 MIN 40 62 Range 60 38 We can infer that in general the enrolment rate in primary school increased between 2006 and...
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...supported by the CEO ( Carlos Ghosn ) vision that EV cars will become soon the dominant auto technology. Nissan strategy was to make a significant change in the industry and start pushing for electric cars that are “affordable, cool, attractive and fun to drive.” After years of research and a large R&D investment the result was the Nissan LEAF , A medium sedan 5 seats car boasting features like immediate torque, silent ride, premium performance, lower fuel and maintenance costs. The vehicle was about the size of a Volkswagen Golf or a Renault Megane , It had an 80 kilowatt electric motor with about 110 horsepower powered by lithium battery that can provide 140 km/h speed. Nissan took a very challenging approach to launch the vehicle , for them to secure a good penetration to the European market , Germany should be the gate , if the company can make it in Germany , it will succeed to lay the foundation to dominate the EV cars in Europe. Analysis , External : the German automotive market : Germany is recognized in the world as the leader for its outstanding automotive industry and excellence in engineering. The German cars are known for values of innovation, reliability, safety, and exceptional design. The Germany market is a leader in production and sales. The country’s...
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...Doctrine, about 90 to 100 years, so neutrality had strong roots and support because it had served the United States well”(Blair). America was split in two during the time of ww1. Many of the American people wanted to enter the war while many including President Woodrow Wilson wanted to stay neutral. America had one big decision to make during this time. In the end the U.S had no choice but to enter the war due to the sinking of the Lusitania, the Zimmerman telegram and the huge economic boost the war would offer America decided to enter the war....
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