...UNDERPAID WORKERS IN PUBLIC SECTORS: GIZA ZOO Visiting the zoo used to cost fifty piasters, nowadays it costs three pounds. Despite the six times increase in tickets almost all the employees did not have a raise in their salary. The zoo is one of the places low-income families can spend a fun day at. However, for most of the employees working there, the Giza zoo is a harsh working environment where they do not get paid enough and receive no benefits. The Giza Zoo was once the most beautiful zoological gardens in Egypt; the Ministry of Agriculture in Egypt runs it. Over the past decade its status has been deteriorating more and more. After the 25th of January movement in Egypt, many workers in the public sectors have been striking all over Egypt; among them were workers in the Giza zoo. Workers in the zoo have been living in inequality for as long as they can remember, they work over hours, six-days-a-week, many of them even sleep over in the zoo gardens because they cannot afford public transportation. Working conditions and Salaries: As you enter the zoo, you realize that by every cage there is a man standing by it wearing a green overall with stains and holes all over it. Abdel Haleem Gomaa is one of them gatekeepers. Gomaa has been working as a gatekeeper for 28 years in the zoo. Unlike many is Gomaa is a satisfied worker, he works six days a week; he has six children and his salary amounts to 480 EGP. Gomaa has been working with many...
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...Theories on the Construction of Giza Anthony R. Woodrum Professor Kristen Messer World Cultures I July 27, 2014 Theories on the Construction of Giza There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated. The theories range from the use of ramps, rollers and wood sleds; to copper tools, wood, rope and sweat; and as farfetched as aliens being responsible for the construction of the pyramids. I chose what I think are the two most likely theories on how the pyramids were constructed. The two theories are the transport theory and the internal ramp theory. My first choice on the transport theory was by a polish engineer by the name of Andrzeji Bochnacki. His theory consisted of using the Nile River to move the stones close to the location of the pyramid. Apparently they built some form of a boat and tied ropes to them. They would pull the boats carrying the stones up the Nile River when the water levels would raise. Then he continued to lean towards the Egyptians using a series of external ramps with simple tools to move the blocks to their final destination. “Simple wooden levers and wedges or only wooden wedges will be completely suitable tools for blocks transport along the ramp. And we do not have to worry about friction...
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...| | |Mahmoud Said Mohamed Iprahem | |4 . Faysal St . Giza . Egypt | |(202) 7297723 - (002) 01061040478 | |Mahmoed.said@gmail.com | Profile:- An organised, young individual with a calm approach to his work, is able to prioritise, and copes well under pressure. An enthusiastic, hard working and self-learned individual with a proven ability to work well within a team as well as on own initiative. Objective:- Seeking a full time opportunity in a challenging work environment where I can utilize and enhance my knowledge and skills as well as developing my career objectives. Personal data: Date of birth: 4/9/1986 Place of birth: Cairo, Egypt. Nationality: Egyptian. Personal status: Single. Military status: Is performed military service Key Skills:- 0. Very good communication skills 1. Attention to detail 2. Analytical and Problem Solving skills 3. Client relationship Skills 4. Ambitious & self-motivated Education: ➢ Modern Academy Major: Computer Science . □ From 2003 - 2007 □ Graduation year May, 2007 □ Overall...
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...“How” were monuments constructed at Giza Vanita Johnson Jennifer Adrienne HUM 111 October 25, 2011 Over the years many scientists and archaeologists have wondered, “How” did the ancient Egyptians construct these tombs of such a great size without the help of machinery. The main reason for this question was because each pyramid was composed of millions of limestone blocks each weighing 25 to 80 tons each and was located on the west side of the Nile. Experts have also talked a lot about the methods by which each block was raised into position. It was theory that wooden and bronze levers were used to move the blocks, a system of ramps, terrestrials or just millions of workers. There was also debate on how did they get these huge stones from the quarries into the middle of the desert. Some archaeologists believed that they used large boats, traveling the Nile or just simply rolled and drug them. I believe the theory of a million of workers is possible but whether they dragged, lifted or even rolled each stone into place is not.The Greeks believed slaves was used, but modern Egyptologists accept that it was thousands of skilled workers. Verner posited that the labor was organized into a hierarchy, consisting of two gangs of 100,000 men, divided into five groups of 20,000 men each, which may have been further divided according to the skills of the workers. So through research I believe these men may have used a system of ramps. Most archaeologists agreed that a system of...
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...Humanities 111 | Exploring Ancient Mysteries | Professor Alan Rogers | Anadel Claros 10-25-2015 | There are many theories that surround the construction of The Giza Pyramids. The pyramids are the most exquisite creation in the Egyptian era. Built as burial monuments for Pharaohs. One theory is that the extraterrestrials helped construct the great pyramids, the precise alignment of the stars and the same measurements of each pyramid, there is a huge possibility the aliens indeed did help with the construction of the pyramids. A more realistic theory is that we constructed the pyramids, with wooden planks or their bare hands pushing and tugging the stones into place, we are talking about 2 tons per stone. . Ancient hieroglyphics often represent beings from outer space, the sky opening, and bright lights shining down upon the people. These lights supposedly taught the ancient people technology and gave them the wisdom to construct the pyramids. Many symbols resemble UFO's and aliens. Also how would the Egyptians know how to align the pyramids with Orion's belt. They would have had to use a telescope or the compass to figure this out, but we didn't invent these items until decades later. So the theory of aliens helping the Egyptians in my opinion is a strong and a great possibility. Help from the aliens might explain how people moved stones weighing 2 tons, putting them together going up the pyramid in a precise order. Something that in today's time...
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...Week 4 Assignment 1 Essay James E. Buckley World Humanities I April 29, 2012 Strayer University Professor Steven Klein The Great Pyramids at Giza, one of 110 pyramids built in Egypt; it is the only famous "Seven Wonders of the Ancient World" (Krystek, 2011) that still stands. There have been many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated. It is no mystery who built the Great Pyramids, the pharaoh Khufu, but how he accomplished this has been debated over and over. There are several theories to how they were constructed. They range from cranes, ramps, to today’s theory of space aliens, held by some. However, of the many theories offered, the most logical of them are the use of cranes or ramps. One earliest recorded theory put forward by Herodotus, the Greek historian, mentioned the use of "machines" used to raise the blocks, which has been taken to mean cranes. Supporters of this theory believe that cranes were used in the construction. “Egyptians farmers have long used wooden crane-like devices called a shadoufs to raise water from the Nile for irrigation” (Brier, 2007). It is believed that hundreds of these cranes at different levels on the pyramid were used to lift the blocks. The problem with this theory is that Egypt did not have...
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...There are many theories as to how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. Most experts agree that they were constructed as burial monuments for pharaohs, but “how” these ancient people constructed monuments of such great size without modern machinery is a mystery which is still being debated. The pyramids of Giza are the only surviving Ancient Wonder of the World and one of the most famous tourist attractions in the modern world. They are some of the oldest divine sites in our index and certainly among of the most impressive. The Pyramids of Ancient Egypt were built as tombs for Kings and Queens, and it was the exclusive privilege to have a Pyramid tomb. However, this tradition only applied in the Old and Middle Kingdoms. Today there are more than 93 Pyramids in Egypt; the most famous ones are those at Giza. Even in scientific circuses there are still a lot of theory about how and whom the pyramid was constructed by. According to ancient Greek historian Herodotus, Khufu enslaved his people to build his pyramid. Most of the modern Egyptologists believe it was built instead by tens of thousands of skilled workers, both men and women. There is another theory from Herodotus, which states that machines formed of short wooden planks were used to raise the stones. “After laying the stones for the base, they raised the remaining stones to their places by means of machines formed of short wooden planks. The first machine raised them from the ground to the top of the first...
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...The Pyramid of Giza World Cultures I 3/1/15 The Pyramids of Giza There are many theories regarding how the pyramids at Giza were constructed. So many stories are told but there has been no known truth to who actually built the pyramids at Giza. Giza is one of the oldest and largest of three pyramids bordering El Giza, Egypt and is also the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World and is known to be the only one still largely and fully intact. So what theories are true? The Pyramid of Giza is the most famous Egyptian monument. It is part of a family of pyramids both with symbolic purpose. There are three pyramids associated with Giza. The pyramids are called Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure for the kings of whom they were built. All three pyramids were plundered both internally and externally in ancient and medieval times. They were all created with unique design and symbolism and purpose to some. Many theories state that the pyramids were built from rock, stone, mud , limestone, cement and other materials. For the most part, it was all done and created uniquely. According to early historians and intense research instructed by archaeologist, the Great Pyramid took over 20 years to construct and required the labor of over 100,000 men. It is told to be questioned that one pyramid of such great statue took one lifetime to build. Archaeologist have tried to figure out for years where the possible 100,000 men lived while in the process ...
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...Stefani Delap Bruce Beard Hum:111 01/31/16 The Mysterious Construction of The Pyramids Of Giza The Mysterious Construction of The Pyramids Of Giza The Pyramids of Giza are a great tourist attraction and an even more perplexing ideology of architectural construction. How were these great monuments built? In regarding how the pyramids were constructed, there have been many theories proposed but none have adequate evidence. According to the French engineer Jean Pierre Houdin: The Giza pyramids were constructed in three major stages. In the first stage the first portion of the pyramid building process, Houdin, relies on the conservative Historian standby, “the straight ramp”, to explain the mechanism of how the stone blocks were moved and placed into the monument. The process in which Jean proposes, the straight ramp was slowly constructed up which the ancient laborers dragged over a million and a half blocks that went into the Pyramids reaching the third level of the King Chamber. In an extension to the rising levels the beginning infrastructure of an internal spiral was created twisting around just inside the outer edge of the core masonry. The second stage of construction, Houdin, tries to explain that the purpose for the unique design of the Grand Gallery was solely for aiding in the moving and raising the huge granite blocks that were placed above the King’s chamber. The third stage, is perceived...
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...The Great Pyramid of Giza is the most long lasting structure in the world. And the most mysterious. How much do you really know about the Great Pyramid of Giza? Did you know that it watermarks have proved it was once halfway submerged in saltwater? Or that it’s weight is estimated at 5,955,000 tons? The Great Pyramid is one of the wonders of the world. It's gotten this label because even today, we have no idea how it was built. It is located in the Giza Necropolis, or modern day Cairo, Egypt. We thought it was built for the burial of the fourth dynasty pharaoh Khufu, ( who is also known as Cheops) and was completed around 2560 B.C. The Great Pyramid is the only one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World that is still standing. Nobody knows...
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...The Pyramids Of Giza Remember those triangle things you saw on tv once, well, those things are called pyramids, and a few of them are found in Egypt like the pyramids of Giza. It all started off i]on August 23, 2470, BC, the exact day they started building the first pyramid at Giza. Not only is there just one pyramid at Giza, but there are three pyramids all with their own special features. Also, if you remember seeing a big cat close to these pyramids, don’t worry, nothing happened to your brain, that thing is just called a sphinx. Fun fact: If you jump off the top of the Great Pyramid, you would die, so don’t do it. You can also go inside these pyramids at Giza lots of days in the year. Inside of these pyramids are the bodies of the Pharaohs who wanted these built. The Great Pyramid of Giza is the first wonder out of all the seven wonders of the world. It was the largest pyramid in the world at an astonishing 146.5 meters tall, but there was a debacle, so now The Great Pyramid stands proudly at 136 meters. Firstly, The...
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...The pyramids of Ancient Egypt are as entrancing and interesting, as they are amazing. Egyptologists and students of history have since a long time ago discussed the inquiry of who fabricated the pyramids, and for what reason. There are numerous distinctive and frequently clashing hypotheses concerning the development of the Great Pyramid of Giza. At the point when turning back the pages of history, it is found that various hypotheses have been produced to clarify the vicinity of such a huge chronicled milestone. "Hypotheses change from a tomb for a ruler, to an exceptional substance production line, a signal for extraterrestrial aircraft's, a stone manifestation of the Bible, a conceivable approach to contact a Higher Being and a stone publication of the second happening to Christ..." (Schillings, M. Such cases of changing disputable hypotheses have started various theories to the riddle of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Manufactured amid a period when Egypt was one of the wealthiest and most effective developments on the planet, the pyramids—especially the Great Pyramids of Giza—are the absolute most grand man-made structures ever. Their huge scale reflects the exceptional part that the pharaoh, or ruler, played in aged Egyptian culture. Despite the fact that pyramids were constructed from the earliest starting point of the Old Kingdom to the end of the Ptolemaic period in the fourth century A.D., the top of pyramid building started with the late third administration and proceeded...
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...them the best work. Besides, if we think about the past, without technology, there would be impossible for the ancient people build anything amazing like these. But that is not true, and you will be surprised when you see how mighty the pyramids are. Especially, the Great Pyramid of Giza is the only one of the seven ancient wonders still remaining to our days and one of the most famous tourist attractions in the modern world. II. Body: 1) What is pyramid? + Pyramid is a structure whose shape is triangular and converges to a single point at the top. The base of a pyramid can be trilateral, quadrilateral, or any polygon shape, and the square pyramid is a common version. + Most of Pyramids represent for the tomb of Pharoahs, kings of acient Egypt, who believed that they could take their bodies and worldly possessions to the next world by burying inside the pyramid. Usually, they started construction on their pyramid many years before their death. 2) How to build a pyramid? + The estimate of the number of workers to build the pyramids range from a few thousand, twenty thousand. Especilly, It's believed to have taken 100,000 laborers about 20 years to build the the Great Pyramid of Giza, using an estimated 2.3 million blocks weighing around 2.5 tons went into the construction. (An article on website: cnn.com) + The interesting thing is until now we don’t know exactly how they was built completely,...
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...The Giza pyramids were the burial places for the Forth Dynasty kings Khufu, Khafre and Menkoure. These pyramids were erected on a rocky plateau west of the Nile River in North Egypt. King Khufu’s complex was the largest of the three and it consisted of five boat pits, Queens’ pyramid and numerous mastabas for Khufu’s relatives and men. The most northern pyramid belongs to Khufu, this complex is known as the Great Pyramid. The Great Pyramid is the largest piece of evidence to still stand; in addition many people have visited this sight and recorded information on the structure. Further more there is ancient archaeological and written evidence still available King Khufu’s choice in location was the Giza Plateau, he decided on this site because it had many advantages. The benefits were that it is above the river valley and he ground was nearly flat. Lastly there was a lot of local limestone, which they used to construct the pyramids. The structure was originally built 140m tall and 140m wide, unfortunately due to the caliphs stealing he stones to build Cairo in the ninth century Ad the blocks were stolen. Sources speculate that each block weighed between 2.3 tons and 2.6 tons and the whole complex was said to have been built out of 2 300 00 blocks. “Cheops (Khufu) brought the country into all sorts of misery. He closed all the temples, then, not content with excluding his subjects from the practice of their religion, compelled them without exception to labour as slaves for...
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...Time Traveling Wanda Castro HUM 205 November 16, 2014 Mark Gainey Time Traveling My name is Wanda Castro and I am a world-renowned art historian and author. I have this special ability to travel through time to any period of history I wish to explore. Today I will take you on a journey along with me; we will make three stops to three different time-periods exploring art from three civilizations. The first will be the Mesopotamian civilization, the second the Egyptian civilization, and the third and final destination the Roman civilization. Prehistoric/Mesopotamian Civilization Well it is time to take a seat, strap on my seatbelt, and set the dials for my first stop the Mesopotamian civilization and on this journey, my destination in this civilization will be the Ziggurat of king Urnammu (Nanna), and it is an architectural piece of art. Hey if you get a little nauseas, there is a barf bag in the seat pocket, for the first timers, off we go. The Great Ziggurat of Ur is an ancient Sumerian ziggurat in Dhi Qar Province, Iraq. The Sumerian King Urnammu (Nanna) and his son Shulgi built the ziggurat in approximately the 21st century BC during the Third Dynasty of Ur, in dedication to the moon God Nanna. They were believed to be dwelling places for the gods and each city had its own patron God. Only priests were permitted on the ziggurat or in the rooms at its base, and it was their responsibility to care for the gods and attend to their needs. The priests were very powerful...
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