...GKE Task 2 GKE Task 2 Mahatma Gandhi was a very important spiritual and political influence of his time. Mahatma Gandhi believed in nonviolent peace regarding religion and politics. He was also considered an antiwar activist. Mahatma Gandhi studied law and became a leader and advocate for rights of Indians. Gandhi went to Africa in 1893 and spent 20 years there acting as an antagonist against unfair and unjust legislation against Indians. Gandhi launched Satyagraha, which is the opposition through widespread nonviolent civil disobedience. Satyagraha is still used worldwide today. In 1914 Gandhi traveled back to India. Mahatma Gandhi had a goal for laborers and farmers to oppose unfair discrimination and taxes against them. He believed in self-rule in India, which would end discrimination, poverty, while also liberating women. To gain independence, he developed a policy that believed in noncooperation and nonviolent actions. He was a leader of the Indian National Congress and endorsed the Home Rule Movement. Due to his actions, he was eventually was put in jail. In 1930 he led a symbolic march where they collected salt to make a point against the government. In 1931 he attended the London Round Table conference. There they discussed Indian constitutional reform. He tried to reach an agreement with the Cabinet Mission in 1946 where he advocated for a new constitutional formation or structure. In Bengal in 1947, he tried to end the Hindu Muslim conflict. This ended up with...
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...GKE Task 1 Development of Societies The Nile River was a major environmental structure that contributed to the early development of society in Egypt. The Nile had such predictable flooding and recession patterns that farmers were able to create a yearly calendar based on them. This assisted them with knowing when to plant and harvest crops. Knowing when the water levels would be high enabled them to build reservoirs for crop irrigation during the times when there was less water. The river also contained silt, a mineral which enhanced the soil and the crops that grew along the banks. (Orlin, 2010, p. 284) Some of the major crops that were utilized included beans, cotton, wheat, barley, emmer, and papyrus, a reed that was used to make things like baskets, sandals, and boats. (Association, 2014) The Nile River opens to the Mediterranean Sea with dessert surrounding the east and west sides. Due to this layout, farmers were confident that their land and crops were protected from invasions. With this security they were able to focus on learning about their crops, excelling a food production, and eventually learned to do things like make clothing from cotton. (Association, 2014) Diffusion between Societies Chariots, two wheeled horse-drawn carts were first used by the Indo-Iranians in 2000 BCE. They were made of solid, heavy wood and held together with wood pegs. Being made of such substantial material could make them very difficult to turn and control. (Carney, 2014) Around...
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...GKE 1 Task 1 One of the significant geographic factors that contributed to the development of early human society was Mesopotamia (Mark,J.M. 2009). This area is now known as Iraq. Mesopotamia means “between two rivers”; the Euphrates, and the Tigris Rivers. There are human settlements there that date back to 10,000 BCE. This land was known as the Fertile Crescent. This made it possible for nomadic peoples to settle the land, domesticate animals, and start agriculture. Mesopotamia was mainly an agrarian society. The main jobs were crops and livestock. The soil of the Fertile Crescent made it possible to raise crops. From 10,000 BCE- the 7th CE, there were several periods of development. Once the Muslim conquest took place in the late 7th Century, the ancient Mesopotamia ends. One product that was diffused throughout the globe is tea. In early times, tea was only used for medicine. After many centuries, tea became a popular drink in China (Columbia University, 2015). Tea slowly spread through Tibet, Mongolia, Korea and Japan. In the seventeenth, tea started to expand into the western world. During the following century, tea was common place in England. From the UK, tea was brought to the colonies in America. In 1773, the colonists threw tea into the Boston Harbor, in protest of high taxes the British imposed on tea. This was one of the major events that lead to the American Revolution. When James M. Marshall discovered a gold nugget at Sutter’s Mill in 1848, the California...
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...GKE Task 2 Western Governors University Powerful. Influential. Confident. These three distinctive characteristics epitomize the mindsets of many great leaders. World leaders and United States leaders share the ambitions to achieve these descriptions. Martin Luther and Martin Luther King Jr. are two names nearly every American citizen knows and most likely respects today. To begin, Martin Luther served as a prominent world leader. Many years ago, in medieval Germany, Martin Luther changed the church forever. He lived as a man full of deep faith for God and was a strict Christian all of his life. Today he is known by numerous people as the most influential German monk who ever lived. Luther had a doctorate in Theology and craved for a reform. He had the biggest issue with parishioners buying indulgences, believing that this purchase would ensure their salvation. He fought for justice and equality, as many great leaders have. At one point he nearly brought down the entire Roman Catholic Church. After writing his famous 95 Theses, the Church was devastated. Even though Luther was hesitant to fight back about the indulgences, he found answers when he turned to the Bible and realized that it is not the Church that will guarantee salvation, it is your own personal faith. In his theses he criticized the Pope’s purpose in raising money and expressed a straightforward concern for the people of Rome. Due to the revolutionary machinery of printing, Luther’s 95 Theses spread throughout...
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...GKE Task 2 Nelson Mandela was a visionary freedom fighter who brought about the end of an apartheid society and solidified the democratic elections of presidents by majority rule to South Africa. Born in 1918, Mandela’s early introduction to leadership in the Thembu tribe molded his democratic beliefs. ("Nelson Mandela," 2009) His youth found him exposed to Western culture which ultimately led him to abandon the Thembu culture and relocate to Johannesburg ("Nelson Mandela," 2009). It was during his early years in Johannesburg that he explored the many political philosophies that surrounded him. It was also during this time that Mandela began thoughtful observation and contemplation of the struggles of the black men and women in South Africa. Mandela came to the conclusion, “It was not lack of ability that limited my people, but lack of opportunity” (Sohail, 2005). His profound dissatisfaction with the apartheid society and the oppression of his people eventually led him to join the African National Congress or ANC in 1944 ("Nelson Mandela," 2009). In 1948, the Afrikaner dominated National Party established the apartheid customs into law (Sohail, 2005). In response to this the ANC initiated the Campaign for the Defiance of Unjust Laws at the urging of Mandela (Sohail, 2005). This was the turning point for the ANC and the beginning of Mandela’s rise to recognized leader within the ANC. Prior to this campaign the ANC was committed to peaceful negotiations. With Mandela’s...
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...The Two Most Significant Social or Political Changes by Martin Luther Nefertiti Aziz GKE TASK 2A Western Governors University There are many great reformers of history like Mohandas Gandhi, Nelson Mandela and Benazir Bhutto but I chose to write my essay on Martin Luther who in my opinion one of the greatest reformers of all time . Without even planning to Martin Luther would become one of the great reformers of Christianity and alter the course of Christianity and Western past forever. To me the two most significant social or political changes that occurred as a result of the actions of Martin Luther was the writing of the “Ninety-Nine Theses” with led to the protestant reformation and the translation of the bible in Germany Born to father Hans and mother Margaretta in Eisleben, Germany, in 1483, Martin Luther was one of a family of ten. Although Martin was born in Eisleben his father Hans a prominent business moved his family to Mansfeld and from there Martin went on to become one of the most significant figures in history. In his younger year Martin Luther spent his time as monk and scholar but in 1517 Martin Luther produced a document condemning the Catholic Church's unethical customs of retailing “pleasures” to pardon wickedness. His “Ninety-Five Theses”, which promoted two central beliefs, the first belief is that the Bible is the fundamental religious authority and the second was that individuals may grasp...
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...The California gold rush was a significant factor that contributed to the development of the United States. Environmental resources have always been an incentive to people to move their families to another location. This is what people did during the gold rush in San Francisco. Many families moved themselves across land and sea on the potential of wealth offered by California’s gold. The emigrants came to a part of the United States where very little people were, causing the population to grow quickly. By the end of the year, the non-native population of California was estimated at 100,000, (as compared with 20,000 at the end of 1848 and around 800 in March 1848) (in text cite). The onset of new people also caused the once deserted land to grow into communities, which helped to expand and develop the United States. The settlers built the communities with roads, houses, and other important places needed to sustain the town. These grew from small towns to bigger ones as the settlers developed and spread across the land. They not only developed the communities but they integrated different cultures together. People from all over came to California and these settlers had to learn to communicate and coexist with each other. This influx of new people contributed to California becoming an official state of the United States. These actions helped to develop the United States because of environmental resources. The Irish Potato Famine that happened 1845-1849 is another example of environmental...
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...GKE Task one GKE Task One Michelle Alley Western Governors University Part A: A significant physical geological factor that contributed to the rise of the great early human society of Egypt over 7000 years ago was the importance of the Nile River. None of the achievements of the remarkable ancient Egyptian civilizations would have been possible without the Nile. (ushistory, n.d.) It's population was contained, yet protected by a narrow 1,000 mile long stretch of highly fertile land. The Nile valley and the people that lived there were protected by geographical features. To the east and the west of the Nile were impassable deserts. North and south were protected by rugged highlands and deeply eroded valleys providing extra protection from outside forces.The Nile provided a means of food for early peoples being an area rich with fruit trees, vegetation and fish. It later became a center for agriculture. Having a fertile soil and long growing season the people of the area became excellent farmers. The Nile also provided a means of trade. Not only could goods be exported but lumber was able to be imported from Syria and the Lebanese woods that contributed to the great architectural structures of the period. (Orlin, 2007) The Nile was a central factor in the early Egyptian culture. It was so significant that the calendar was developed around the flood cycle. Not only did the Nile provide food, water and transportation. The reeds from the Nile were used to make...
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...WGU GKE1 GKE1TASK1WALKER Arguably one of the great societies from the past was the Andrean civilization or Inca. Before this population that totaled over 12,000,000 to the Spanish, the Incas were a self-sustained community. A significant geographical factor that contributed to the success of this empire was its location 11,000 feet up in the Andeas mountain range in South America ("Soomo," 2013). This location up in the mountains provided a great canvas to create a massive empire that provided and protected all their people. Some things that these mountains provided for these people were water from glaciers at higher elevations; this water ran downhill, the Incas built rock-cut channels that followed the streets to make this water available to all people, animals and crops ("Soomo," 2013). This mountain range might have created a challenge for some civilizations; however the Incas used it wisely. Sculpting the mountainside into terraces to grow crops like maize and potatoes, these crops did well at these elevations and temperatures. These mountains also provided a habitat for the llamas and alpaca that the Incas sheared for wool (Hughes, 2002, p. 116). All in all the Incas used these mountains well for survival and as a way to protect their people and empire. They used this resource daily, however the protected well for future generations to use. The Potato is a diverse vegetable, there was a one point 235 different species (Smith, 2011, p. 12). This tuber was...
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...Task 1-A One significant environmental factor that contributed to the development of human society was the availability of an abundant supply of water, as provided by the rivers that helped contribute to the ancient civilization in Mesopotamia. Mesopotamia, the area presently know as Iraq, is referred to as the “land between the rivers” (Hollar, 2011). In approximately 3300 BC, the people known as the Sumerians settled into an area known as the Plain of Shintar. In this area where the Tigris and Euphrates rivers converged, there was an amazing and consistent supply of water, which helped these people develop their way of life (Hollar, 2011). The largely watered area gave way to an abundant amount of rich soil. This soil provided the ability to build houses and create irrigation systems. These tasks required cooperation among the settlers, leading to the growth of their newly established government. The soil also allowed the Sumerians to benefit from the their agriculture. The first grown items were barley, emmer, olives, grapes and flax (Hollar, 2011). Task 1-B The process of the diffusion of tea between early human societies began as early as the first century AD. The origin of tea is not historically clear, although it is said to have originated in China (Saberi, 2010). Initially, tea was used for the treatment of various ailments, such as stomach problems and other illnesses (Saberi, 2010). During the Tang dynasty from 618-907 AD, tea earned the reputation of being refreshing...
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...A) The Industrial Revolution allowed new technologies to speed up the production of goods. Two significant consequences were the breakdown of family units and mass urbanization. Prior to this revolution the majority of people were skilled craftsman or farmers. With mass production now a possibility this lowered the need for skilled craftsman and forced many to move into the city to find jobs including many women and children. The husbands went away to find potential jobs in the city or the women and children were being employed in the factories themselves. This left many women back in the country to take care of all of the farm work or many families split working in factories for long hours leading to much less time to teach their children and a significant decrease in family time altogether. The farm work before relocating to the city allowed for a slower paced life where there was more time for family interaction and a sense of the family being a whole unit while working together.(Gingerich 2003) A large influx in workers in the city meant rapid growth and devolpment or urbanization in the area. This lead to poorly constructed apartments and homes with horrible sanitation and little to no health and safety standards followed. The homes nearby were expensive and hard to come by leading to higher living expenses and the further stretching of family resources. Families would share apartments causing overcrowding and increasing the sick and unsanitary living conditions. This...
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...Geographic and environmental factors have a momentous impact on the development of trade and migration systems. Those systems and migration patterns lead to correlations among diverse people and their cultures. Therefore, geography and resources have an influence on the growth and relations between societies. Two of the most significant geographical and environmental factors that have led to the development and expansion of the United States is the growth of industry after the Civil War, and the abundance of agriculture. After the Civil War, the population in the United Sates more than doubled and industrial growth was also rapid because of the large quantity of natural resources. The United States had enormous assets such as coal, copper, petroleum, iron, water power and timber. Due to this immense supply of natural resources, many immigrants came to the States for work and many rural workers traveled many miles to flourish as well. There were many jobs like coal mining, constructing railroads, and silver and gold mining that promised wealth, like in the California Gold Rush. When gold was discovered in 1849 in California, people came from all over the world and with such an influx of people and the following development, California became an official state in 1850. Gold wasn’t the only abundant resource in the U.S. With the production of coal and other minerals, exporting to other countries was in high demand and expanded the trade industry for...
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...A. Discuss a rise of imperialism or colonialism in an area of the world- North America The rise of imperialism in North America stemmed from the widely held belief that America occupies a “special” niche among other nations of the world in terms of its national credo, historic evolution, political and religious institutions and origin (Wikipedia, 2014). It was a widely held belief that the early settlers had a Manifest Destiny to expand throughout the continent and beyond (Wikipedia, 2014). Historians agree for the most part that there are three basic themes to Manifest Destiny. a. The special virtues of the American people and their institutions b. American’s mission to redeem and remake the west in the image of agrarian America c. An irresistible destiny to accomplish this essential duty (Miller, 2008). 1. The indigenous peoples, with very few exceptions, reacted violently and there was a great loss of life including the complete genocide of some native populations (Miller, 2008). B. Describe the causes and goals of one violent and one nonviolent revolution a. Violent- American Revolution 1775-1783, the goal was American independence. i. Taxation without representation ii. Stamp Act iii. Deprivation of liberties (Bbc.co.uk, 2014) b. Nonviolent- Indian Independence Movement i. Gandhi advocated non-violent protests to “wear down” the British 1. Non-cooperation movement 1920-1922 2. Civil Disobedience Movement 1930-1931 3. Quit India Movement 1942 (Historytoday...
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...A. Mesopotamia Mesopotamia is known as the land between the rivers. The great rivers the Tigris and the Euphrates flow through the otherwise dry vast plains of Mesopotamia. The rivers start in the mountains emptying into the sea. The dry fertile soil of Mesopotamia is difficult to grown crops. But close to the rivers the land was fertile. The fertile soil comes down the rivers from the mountains and would collect when the rivers flood, creating the most fertile farmland in the world. This fertile land near the rivers created the rise of the earliest civilization in history. With the land irrigated by the rivers farming became extremely productive, large farming populations grew along the rivers with the increase in food productions societies formed and created the first civilization in world history. ("Ancient," n.d.) B. Tea A significant example of diffusion between early human societies can be seen in the popularity of tea around the world. As per Chinese legend tea was first discovered in 2737 B.C.. Sometime around the 9th century tea was first used in Japan. Japanese monks studying in China brought it back with them when they returned to Japan. Tea drinking and ceremonies have become an important part of the Japanese culture. The Dutch were the first to import tea back to Europe. In the 16th century tea was shipped from China to Holland it was expensive and seen as a drink for the wealthy. Tea was fashionable in Holland and started to spread to other...
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...GKE1 Task 3 A, A1, B, B1, Aubert Lisa Aubert Western Governors University GKE1 Task 3 A, A1, B, B1, Aubert Part A, A1 What is colonialism and how did it affect North America? How did the natives respond? Colonialism is the characteristics of a specific colony of people that have established a new territory yet still is under the authority of the parent country that sent them. In 1607, the king of England sent an assembly of employed men to North America with a dedicated purpose to establish new business for increased wealth, first colonized in Jamestown, Virginia. They were greeted by the Indian natives and a peaceful relationship was formed. They established a union of trust and traded goods such as corn, tobacco, metal tools to name a few. As time went on, the Indian natives were apprehensive and suspicious regarding the colonist’s agenda and soon stopped trading. As a result, the colonists began to die for lack of food. The colonists retaliated by force, initiating raids, stealing food, and then burning the native’s homes. English monarchy sent a fleet for reinforcement which led to the massacre of the Indians thus allowing them to take governmental control over the colonized land and bring the English domain to the New World. The Indian Massacre of 1622 is one example of war. This was a war in which both sides tried to annihilate each other. It had begun when the Indians realized that the settlers were mainly concerned with taking all their land away from them...
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