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Global Crime Analysis Paper

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Global Crime Analysis Paper
Jessica Cross
CJA/394
October 20, 2013

Global crimes transcend national borders and threaten American citizens and communities, businesses, and institutions, as well as global security and stability. The classification of global crimes can be categorized according to if the behavior is international and constitutes a crime against the world, or if the act is transnational that affects the interests of more than one state (Global Solutions, n.d.). The contents of this essay will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on national and international justice systems and processes. In addition, the text will discuss the various international justice systems and how these global crimes and criminal issues are addressed.
Fueled by open borders, global markets, and the advancement of telecommunications, international crime has become a rising universal problem. In 1995, President Clinton classified international crime as a danger to the national interest of the United States. Therefore, before and since then the federal government has been busy in a converging effort to address various major global crimes, such as human rights and war crimes, organized crime and narcotics, cybercrime, environmental crime, and terrorism (Global Solutions, n.d.). Human Rights and War Crimes are inhuman acts committed by an extensive or systematic attack aimed against individuals, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, slavery, torture, aggression, and war crimes. Organized crime is a profit-driven criminal organization or group who work together to commit illegal acts to achieve a common goal and most international organized crime involves narcotics violations including drug trafficking, drug manufacturing, and drug distribution are common trends in today's international and national organized crime groups. A cybercrime is “the unauthorized use of computer technology to manipulate critical user data” (Oak, n.d., para 1). Cybercrimes include spamming, hacking, credit fraud, cyber-bullying, piracy, cyber-terrorism, identity theft, and even drug trafficking.
Environmental crime is the act of causing harm to the global environment and consists of two types, such things as wildlife crime and pollution crime. The wildlife crime involves the illegal use of the world’s wild animals whereas pollution crime is exchanging and discarding hazardous wastes or resources (Interpol, 2012). Terrorism is mainly a mental act that corresponds through a violent act against another country or against another group is their attempt to call attention to a particular problem that the terrorist group believes is a nuisance to society. For decades, the United States has been significantly a part in creating an enduring international system of justice that is consistent with the American philosophy of impartiality, responsibility, and equality. Currently, most people who commit international criminal acts are indicted in international tribunals and progressively, in the International Criminal Court. Other international criminal justice systems include International Court of Justice, and International Criminal Tribunals and Special Courts (Global Solutions, n.d.). The authority and operation of the International Criminal Court (ICC) are administered by the Rome Statute. The ICC is a last resort court that adjudicates people accused of the most serious international crimes, such as genocide, crimes against humanity, slavery, torture, aggression, and war crimes. Terrorism may fall under the jurisdiction of the ICC, depending on the severity of the terrorist act. The ICC will not proceed if a case is under investigation or prosecution by a national judicial system except if the national procedures are not legitimate (International Criminal Court, n.d.). The Charter of the United Nations established the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in June 1945 as the primary judicial agency of the United Nations (UN). The role of the International Court of Justice is to resolve legal conflicts submitted by states disputes and to provide recommended opinions on legal inquiries referred by official United Nations agencies and specialized agencies according to international law (International Court of Justice, n.d.). As an additional court to prosecute international crimes, International Criminal Tribunals and special courts were formulated as a component of an international attempt to adjudicate someone for crimes under international law. In addition, the authority may be restricted to particular period’s equivalent specifically to strong periods of disagreement or conflict involving the widespread abuse of human rights (International Justice Resource Center, 2011). The International Criminal Tribunals and special courts handle global crimes, such as organized crime and narcotics, cybercrime, environmental crime, and terrorism. The essence of international and transnational crime creates the deterrence and prosecution of these crimes complex and multi-dimensional. When a suspect is in custody for his or her involvement, immediately questions come up concerning extradition, jurisdiction, prisoner transport, and various bureaucratic issues requiring mutual help among nations. Unfortunately, accurate mechanisms governing these issues are rarely available. However, when the mechanisms are available they can take the form of bilateral treaties, multilateral protocols, or agreement letters negotiated on the basis of a case by case. According to International Criminal Justice (2009), “It is important to recognize that criminal justice, whether domestic or international, is slow, and formal; even where it is prioritized properly, there will always remain scores of victims whose plight will not be considered. The causes for international crimes are deeply embedded in complex historical, sociological, economic, and political factors; and complex problems need comprehensive multi-faceted solutions. Often, even a combination of international and domestic criminal justice measures could not fully satisfy victims of systemic crimes” (p. 5).
Conclusion
Fueled by open borders, global markets, and the advancement of telecommunications, international crime has become a rising universal problem. The federal government has been busy in a converging effort to address various major global crimes, such as human rights and war crimes, organized crime and narcotics, cybercrime, environmental crime, and terrorism. Human Rights and War Crimes include genocide, crimes against humanity, slavery, torture, aggression, and war crimes. Most international organized crime involves narcotics violations including drug trafficking, drug manufacturing, and drug distribution are common trends in today's international and national organized crime groups. Cybercrimes include spamming, hacking, credit fraud, cyber-bullying, piracy, cyber-terrorism, identity theft, and even drug trafficking. Environmental crime is the act of causing harm to the global environment and consists of two types, such as wildlife crime and pollution crime. Terrorism is mainly a mental act that corresponds through a violent act against another country or against another group. The various international criminal justice systems include International Criminal Court, International Court of Justice, and International Criminal Tribunals and Special Courts. The essence of international and transnational crime creates the deterrence and prosecution of these crimes complex and multi-dimensional. There are so many different things that can still come into play about everything and still be considered a crime. Now some things that we consider a crime some people think they aren’t crimes, it just means that some things people look at differently than others. So many people think there are things that should be crimes that aren’t crimes right now. If we look at everything we have as a crime and what people think we should have as a crime there would have to be more laws made and put into act then we currently have. Having to many laws is something that could make us look as more of a dictatorship then we have as a country where we can live as free, and have the freedom that our constitution gives us. Now I do believe that there is things that should be outlawed that are already outlawed, but simply some people don’t actually pay attention and things do need to happen in order to make sure that these are things that are wrong and they need to stay that way.

References:
Citizens for Global Solutions. (n.d.). About international justice. Retrieved from http://globalsolutions.org/law-justice/international-criminal-justice
International Court of Justice. (n.d.). The court. Retrieved from http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1
International Criminal Court. (n.d.). About the court. Retrieved from http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/About+the+Court/
International Criminal Justice. (2009). Transnational justice and domestic justice systems. Retrieved from http://www.internationalcriminaljustice.net/experience/papers/session7.pdf
International Justice Resource Center. (2011). Internationalized Criminal Tribunals. Retrieved from http://ihrlaw.org/ihr-reading-room/international-criminal-law/internationalized-criminal-tribunals/
Oak, M. (n.d.). Types of computer crimes. Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/types-of-computer-crimes.html

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