...Combating Global Crime Global crime is an issue that must be addressed for the safety of individuals over the world. Global crime is seen through the spread of drug cartels, smuggling rings that focus in human trafficking and weapons trading, and organized crime groups that have taken business dealing to international levels. Many countries are pledging to crack down on crime in their areas and to cooperate with other countries more closely than they did in the past. Worries that mobs and organized crime groups are overcoming traditional clannishness and joining forces both at home and internationally to promote and boost business brings a new dimension to global crime issues (Los Angeles Times, 1994). Countries are combating this issue through increased cooperation and tightening of laws to prevent criminal organizations from using international loopholes to get away with crimes or avoid prosecution (Los Angeles Times, 1994). The United States announced a new plan to crack down on international organized crime in 2011. This plan allows for the freezing of assets located in the United States belonging to international crime groups along with a number of other actions that will combat global crime (Voice of America, 2011). References: Los Angeles Times (November 24, 1994). 138 Countries Seek to Combat Global Crime. Retrieved on January 06, 2012, from articles.latimes.com/1994-11-24/news/mn- 1104_1_organized-crime Voice of America (July 25, 2011). US Announces Plan to...
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...Criminal Organizations The perception of organized crime in today’s society derives from the media, television shows, and movies. Television programs and movies such as The Sopranos, Goodfellas, and The Godfather created a perception that organized crime are solely comprised of the Italian Mafia. Historic crime figures such as Al Capone, Lucky Luciano, and John Gotti enhance society’s perception that all organized crime ascertains to the Italian Mafia. Being half Sicilian, I too had the perception that organized crime was created by Italians, in Sicily, and eventually migrated to major cities throughout the United States. However, that is simply not the case. Organized crime has been around long before the Italian Mafia brought it to fame. Different cultures around the world have their own criminal organizations with set standards. Other criminal organizations include the Irish Republic Army (IRA), motorcycle gangs such as Hells Angels, Triads from China, etc. My perception of organized crime was based off what I saw on television and movies. My understanding of organized crime consisted of Omerta (loyalty and secrecy), illegal activity to gain a profit, and intimidation/violence. In addition, it was my understanding that in order to be a formal aspect of a criminal organization; one’s heritage has to be verified. For example, in order to be a full member of the Italian Mafia, one has to be one hundred percent Italian to the point the mafia can trace your family all the way...
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...Global Crime Analysis Paper Jessica Cross CJA/394 October 20, 2013 Global crimes transcend national borders and threaten American citizens and communities, businesses, and institutions, as well as global security and stability. The classification of global crimes can be categorized according to if the behavior is international and constitutes a crime against the world, or if the act is transnational that affects the interests of more than one state (Global Solutions, n.d.). The contents of this essay will identify the various major global crimes and criminal issues that have a global impact on national and international justice systems and processes. In addition, the text will discuss the various international justice systems and how these global crimes and criminal issues are addressed. Fueled by open borders, global markets, and the advancement of telecommunications, international crime has become a rising universal problem. In 1995, President Clinton classified international crime as a danger to the national interest of the United States. Therefore, before and since then the federal government has been busy in a converging effort to address various major global crimes, such as human rights and war crimes, organized crime and narcotics, cybercrime, environmental crime, and terrorism (Global Solutions, n.d.). Human Rights and War Crimes are inhuman acts committed by an extensive or systematic attack aimed against individuals, such as genocide, crimes against...
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...Review Article Mumbai’s Development Mafia’s: Globalization, Organized Crime and Land Development Jordan Morrison 209148123 ENVS 4225: Urban Sustainability November 17, 2010 Mumbai’s Development Mafia’s: Globalization ,Organized Crime and Land Development LIZA WEINSTIEN International Journal of Urban and Regional Research Volume 32, Issue 1, pages 22-39, March 2008 Abstract For over a decade, researchers have analyzed the effects of liberalization and globalization on urban development, considering the local political implications of shifts at the national and global scales. Taking the case of Mumbai, this article examines how the past 15 years of political reforms in India have reshaped property markets and the politics of land development. Among the newly empowered actors, local criminal syndicates, often with global connections, have seized political opportunities created by these shifts to gain influence over land development. The rise of Mumbai's organized criminal activity in the 1950s was closely linked to India's macroeconomic policies, with strict regulation of imports fuelling the growth of black market smuggling. Liberalization and deregulation since the early 1990s have diminished demand for smuggled consumer goods and criminal syndicates have since diversified their operations. With skyrocketing real estate prices in the 1990s, bolstered by global land speculation, the mafia began investing in property development. Supported by an illicit nexus of politicians...
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...Personal Perception of Organized Crime Shawn Ramsey CJA/384 Criminal Organizations Damian Torres April 14, 2014 Criminal Organizations Organized crime is often described similarity by groups like government, the press and popular opinion. This similar definition is described through the knowledge people have gained from pop-culture movies, television shows, magazines, novels and stories from newspaper articles. “It is extremely rare in today's society that someone who has an opinion on organized crime, which is almost everyone, has gained this opinion through first-hand experience” (Lyman, M. D., & Potter, G. W. 2007). The problem with this narrow view of organized crime is that it fails to encompass the real issues/problems that truly define organized crime, therefore not allowing us as a society to fix the problems of and associated with organized crime. Stereotypes that have been made about organized crime through these pop-culture icons must be addressed and challenged by researchers as they aim to fix the definition of organized crime in the minds of the public, press, and government. Fixing society's understanding of organized crime is, as we have learned, the first and possibly most important step in controlling organized crime in our society. “The view of organized crime including acts such as, international drug smuggling, for example, is organized crime often being described as a; highly structured and organized operation with vertical lines of responsibility...
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...Controlling Organized Crime Chris Abney CJA/384 Nov 8, 2014 Professor Gregory Reynolds Controlling Organized Crime Organized crime generated an estimated $870 billion dollars of the global economy and this is equivalent to approximately 7% of the world’s exports in merchandise according to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. This is quite a substantial amount of money that has been drained form our economy that’s already suffering from the recent recession. The problems caused by organized crime and the relationships established will be covered along with the legal limitations associated with combating these efforts. Major federal laws such as the RICO Act will be addressed along with the strategies that support those efforts will be explained along with a solution to controlling organized crime by addressing many key factors. Organized crime is a nuisance to society and efforts to reduce this type of crime must not be taken lightly in order to maintain control here in the United States of America. Many issues are caused by organized crime such as higher crime rate, danger within the community, corruption of political officials, and can weaken the economy. These issues caused by organized crime and the association between organized crime and terrorism is becoming quite similar. After the attack on September 11th the efforts of cutting funds to the terrorist groups increased and many country’s that were financing these groups quit due to the destruction...
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...Cyber Crime has become a top priority for law enforcement on a local, state and federal level. We are becoming increasingly concerned about cyber threats, most particularly on computer intrusions and network attacks. Computer intrusions are becoming more commonplace, more dangerous and more sophisticated. Our nation’s critical infrastructure and our military’s command and control networks are most certainly being targeted by our enemies and other potential adversaries alike. Our companies are being targeted for insider information and our colleges and universities for their valuable research and development. All of that being said, cyber crime is hitting us at home as we are being targeted for fraud and identity theft and our children are often targeted by online predators. No one is immune to these cyber risks, individuals, countries, Fortune 500 companies and the neighborhood “Mom and Pop” store. These threats are evolving and expanding every day. It is important to be wary and safeguard information and cyber access by these fraudsters and predators. I am using the law enforcement perspective, one I am most familiar with, in this paper. Computer intrusions and network attacks can affect many different facets of national security and organizational information. It is clear that terrorists and their organizations are using the internet to recruit and maintain their strength. For example, in the Arabian Peninsula, Al Qaeda has produced a full-color, English language...
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...Introduction Cybercrimes are steady trending and hitting the main stream as an epidemic for conventional criminal offenses. Within cyber crimes deception, embezzlement, blackmail, identity theft, and identity fraud are some well known crimes. According to Controlling cyber-crime and gambling: Problems and paradoxes in the mediation of law and criminal organization: The main elements explaining computer crime and its organization may be found within the illegal activity and the socio-legal problems confronted there. This explanatory approach emphasizes: (a) that at a given stage of technological development, a given illegal act presents certain technical and social problems which must be negotiated for its successful completion; (b) that we can identify the most efficient types of organizations for managing those problems; and (c) that the existence of these kinds of organizations are explained in terms of their technical efficiency in the situations at hand and in their ability to avoid, evade, and neutralize the efforts of law enforcement (McMullan, 2007). There is a lot to say about cybercrimes and the sociology of but, this paper will cover what is trending in cyber crimes. Some trends are organized criminal activity and others are individualized. Organized cybercrimes Organized criminal groups have adopted the trend of technology within their criminal activity. They have placed a value on information and communication technologyThey a have used the technology to...
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...Organized Crime CJA/464 January 17, 2014 Organized Crime Ever since societies have existed crime has existed within them. It is human nature to behave in a manner, which is sometimes violent and unruly when facing basic needs or feel threaten. Depending on what rules, regulations, and laws that a society has put in place to maintain order and peace, various actions could be deemed as being criminal activities. The people and leaders within the society will take actions to regulate and enforce these guidelines. These leaders have a perception on what they believe is moral and just based on the feedback from the members of society who elected them to those positions. As time passes these perceptions could change and as the changes take place, the societies will also change with them. This paper will briefly discuss current organized crime policies that we have in place within our own society, which were based on events from our past. This paper will discuss relevant statistics, facts, resources, and public opinion as one develop America’s own local, state, and/or federal policy as it relates to the organized crime policy that currently exists. It will discuss the impact on how politics have an affects on its implementation. Organized Crime The best way to describe organized crime is to think of it or comparing in to a business. There are employees that have to perform and answer to a board of directors or president depending on how elaborate their structure might...
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...out to be a village. Globalization has been celebrated by everyone across the continent thanks to the technological process available. Globalization was celebrated by all including the population at large for bringing social and economic homogenization including other benefits (Chenoweth 355-378). Terrorism has now become the global issue dominating all squares of life of each individual while globalization has been labeled a global process. Globalization of terrorism does not only mean the way terrorists work across the borders but also how globalization process has facilitated this process of terrorism (Kudryavtsev, et al 84-94). Like industrialization, people across the borders have to live according to globalization to save their future as most of people call it undeniable truth in life. As the process of globalization gains speed, the more terrorists are able to communicate, move, transact finances and gather intelligence information with speed. All these works by the terrorists would not be so efficient if it were not for globalization. Due to globalization, terrorism does not go alone nowadays, but it has become a combination of crime and corruption. Most people are referring to this new phenomenon as an unholy trinity as...
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...ORGANIZED CRIME: CASE STUDY NIGERIA. Introduction Organized Crime can be categorized as a transnational, national or among local groupings, of enterprises or organizations highly centralized and run by criminals. They are themed by engagement of illegal activity with the purpose of making money and profit. Not all organized crime systems are monetarily motivated, some of these systems purely operate with a political purpose driving their mandate or their very existence. Terrorist organizations, for example fit this caliber. These criminal organizations force people to do business with them i.e. a gang extorting small businesses for money so as to offer them ‘protection’. ‘Organized’ would be the term to describe these syndicates for these gangs, mobs and organizations are mostly disciplined with high levels of professionalism and expertise. These systems cannot be categorized with your average crime operations. (Macionis& Gerber 2010) States, militaries, police forces and even corporations sometimes use organized crime methods to conduct their business. (Tilly, 1985) According to the UNODC (n.d.). Organized crime threatens peace and human security, violates human rights and undermines economic, social, cultural, political and civil development of societies around the world. Organized crime manifests in a variety of forms, drug trafficking, firearms, human trafficking. Every year, countless individuals lose their lives at the hands of criminals involved in organized crime...
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...Controlling Organized Crime Rob Papagno CJA/384 03 September 2013 Daniel Barry Controlling Organized Crime Some people would say that organized crime has ruined the United States and allowed petty hoods to gain worldwide recognition. Others would disagree and say organized crime is no different than any major corporation in today’s global economy. Some people would say organized crime is the best thing to happen to neighborhoods which law enforcement will not come into. No matter what side of the fence a person falls on, some part of what they believe will be correct, and part will not. During the course of this paper, the author will look at organized crime, identify the problems presented and the various relationships established by organized crime, and describe the legal limitations associated with combating organized crime, including a critique of major federal laws and strategies that support this effort. Finally, the author will suggest a realistic solution to control organized crime by discussing and evaluating the effectiveness of organized crime prosecutions. Problems with Organized Crime The problem with organized crime is that it often infringes on people’s basic rights and destroys economic structure, and political and civil development, on a global scale. Transnational organized crime rears its ugly head in many different forms, ranging from the trafficking of drugs and people to illegal arms. This is often accomplished by using unsuspecting individuals...
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...individuals think of organized crime, the mafia is the first thing that comes to mind; however, organized crime comes from across the world. Some functions within the criminal justice system are established only to deter national and international organized crime groups. The impacts of organized crime are significant as they dominate and influence financial institutions and construction, bring drugs into the community, corrupting and bribing criminal justice officials and politicians, and run illegal underground businesses such as prostitution and human trafficking. Although organized crime is not a high priority to policymakers, the effects and destruction are equally as invasive and can be felt at the international, national, and local levels. “The economic impact alone is staggering: it [is] estimated that global organized crime reaps illegal profits of around $1 trillion per year” (Federal Bureau of Investigation, n.d., para 5). Under this regard, the policy needs to be put in place in order to assist with the threat, financially and to national safety, of organized crime groups. “With more open borders and the expansion of the Internet, organized criminals threaten the United States not only from within the borders, but beyond. Organized crime stretches far beyond the Italian mafia, encompassing Russian, Asian, Balkan, Middle Eastern, and African syndicates” (Finklea, 2010, p. 1). The perception of organized crime, the materializations of crime, society, the individuals...
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...Siena, Palazzo Pubblico Sala dei Nove 1337-1340 Declaration This dissertation is the result of my own work and includes nothing, which is the outcome of work done in collaboration. Chapter 3, “Complexity, TOC and Terrorism”, was presented in an embryonic form at the ISA conference in Chicago, USA, March 2007. Chapter 4, “Organised Crime”, is the further elaboration of a chapter of the same title published in 2007 in the Oxford Handbook on the United Nations Statement of Length The dissertation does not exceed the word limit of 80,000 words Fieldwork Thailand (money laundering); Indonesia and Burma (deforestation); New York (US money supply); Washington DC and Fort Worth, Texas (Organised Crime linked to terrorist funding); Australia (Sydney, (APG) and Canberra (money laundering, South Pacific); and Rome, Italy (Chinese organised crime). Contact Frank.Madsen@cantab.net Abstract Through an analysis of the presence and nature of international monetary flows of non-declared origin and their relation to deviant knowledge, the thesis determines that both terrorism and organised crime are nurtured by a constant trickle from minor sources rather than by large financial transfers; and that anti-money laundering provisions are misapplied, taken too far, too expensive, and incapable of demonstrating their effectiveness. In lieu of more traditional policy recommendations, the thesis develops a complexity-theory based...
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...The Impact of Technology on Law Enforcement and Organized Crime Impact of Technology on Law Enforcement and Organized Crime Organized crime involves the illicit flow of goods and services in one direction and the flow of the profits of crime in the other. Technology has created much change in the way organized crime groups conduct operations. It has also caused law enforcement organizations to evolve and use a variety of techniques and methods to effectively combat organized crime groups. In order for law enforcement to effectively target and prosecute these groups they must adapt as the organized crime groups have in their use of technology. Many operations run by organized crime groups and law enforcement organizations require the use of some type of technology. The dynamics of technology have made it an advantage for organized crime groups who use technology. But it can also be just as much an advantage for law enforcement organization so they can combat organized crime groups more effectively and efficiently. Globalization has also had a major impact on both law enforcement and organized crime with many organizations being able to operate through networks. This has created many issues such as jurisdiction which can be combated through the use of technology, communication, and effective legislation. Globalization Globalization is a term that describes the changes in societies and the world economy that are caused by the dramatic increased cross-border trade, investment...
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