...GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) ABSTRACT : Modern technology offers us an affordable mechanism called “GPS” which can help us find our way in situations like lost in a completely unknown place, hiking, snowmobiling, snowshoeing, mountain -biking, fishing, cross-country skiing, ORV expeditions, hunting and many others. GPS tells us exactly where we are on the planet at any time. It can do this with precisions ranging from exact precision to points within a 40-foot range. These variations dep end on the model and type of the GPS receiver you have. GPS is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed from a constellation of 24 satellites and their ground stations. GPS uses these satellites as reference points to calculate positions accurate to a matter of meters. In fact, with advanced forms of GPS you can make measurements to better than a centimeter! In a sense it's like giving every square meter on the planet a unique address. GPS receivers have been miniaturized to just a few integrated circui ts and so are becoming very economical. And that makes the technology accessible to virtually everyone. These days GPS is finding its way into cars, boats, planes, construction equipment, movie making gear, farm machinery, even laptop computers. CITC (CE DEPT.) 1 GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS) 1.0 BACKGROUND AND HISTO RY : GPS network has been around longer than the Personal Computer. The US Department of Defense designed this system back in the 1970’s. It was (and still...
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...Global Positioning Systems The popular mobile technology known as the global positioning system (GPS) was originally created for military use. The system as we know it today, known as NAVSTAR began development over 30 years ago, but it took close to two decades to become fully operational (Paleo, 2007, p. 789). The current GPS system uses a cluster of 24 satellites that can pinpoint the location of a person or object using latitude, longitude and altitude as the coordinates, however predecessors to this system relied on inertial navigation, and were in use in submarines and military aircraft (Pace, 1995 pp.237-238). GPS Usage Consumers were early adopters of navigational systems. As early as 1981, consumers were exploring ways of making navigation a more mobile enterprise with instruments such as the Honda Electro Gyro-Cator, which was basically a back-lit box that a user could insert plastic maps, mark their current position, and then allow a gyroscope take care of route guidance (Lavrinc, 2007). GPS systems today are far more portable and accurate. Originally offered only as standalone devices, GPS systems can now be found in many mobile devices such as higher end laptops, most tablets, and smartphones. GPS technology has also expanded its use beyond personal navigation into business operations and personal entertainment as well. GPS technology has been used to enhance additional aspects of our lives, including recreation. GPS enabled golf carts are one of these examples...
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...REVIEW 1 An output of the ff. topics * GNSS * GPS * GLONASS * QZSS * GALILEO * IRNSS Simon Nichole B. Gabutan GNSS or Global Navigation Satellite Systems The primary purpose of GNSSs is to provide positions. Different methods of positioning with GNSS exist with the achieved positioning accuracy varying from 10 meter to the millimeter level. Generally we distinguish between the usage of GNSS code observations and GNSS code and phase observations. GNSS positioning with code observations The basic principle of obtaining positions using GNSS is based on the observation of distances to the satellites. Satellite positions are broadcasted in navigation messages coded into the satellite signals, the time of transmission of the signal is also coded into the satellite signal. The difference between time of transmission and time of reception of the coded GNSS satellite signal gives the traveling time. The distance to a satellite can be obtained by multiplying the traveling time of the GNSS signal from the satellite to the users GNSS receiver by the speed of the GNSS signal (approximately 300,000 km/s). Examples of GNSS positioning with code observations are: Single point positioning Differential positioning with code observations GPS or Global Positioning Systems GPS Operating Principles 1. Position Fixing The GPS receiver determines its position using three satellites to triangulate its 3D position. For this the receiver needs to know the: ...
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...ones have become specialized(Rosengren,2000) although media have change drastically as centuries passed by, it is still not complete and new form of communication is still being created and develop day by day. One of the ways to communicate is with the use of mobile device. smartphones is now a major source of information device which can be seen in almost everyone’s hand in the world. With increasing innovation Mobile device can process, analyse and store data. Resulting into big efficiency rather than using computer. People will soon be able to access and consume information anytime, anywhere, from any device. As the most widely used computing device, a cell phone or a new generation smart phone, will likely play a significant role in future mobile computing(Zheng & Ni,2005) In addition it is easier to access and cost efficient will be preferred by many. And the fact that the efficiencies brought by the mobile computing result into large cost saving for the organization. It redefined the usage of mobile phones in the communication world, smartphone gave a new dimension to the usage of mobile phone for the user, apart from...
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...1 ACCENTURE: REBRANDING AND REPOSITIONING A GLOBAL POWER BRAND1 INTRODUCTION Andersen Consulting was established in 1989 when the consulting practice of the accounting firm Arthur Andersen separated to form an independent business unit. Andersen Consulting faced the extremely difficult task of positioning itself in the Information Technology market space while simultaneously forging a separate identity from its accounting heritage. The business challenge was to retain the positive aspects of the brand equity developed over decades as Arthur Andersen, yet break away from the limitations associated with an accounting brand. What was notable was that before its inception, Andersen Consulting was generating almost $1 billion annually in revenue, yet wasn’t well known in the information technology marketplace. And to those who did know them, they were often thought of accountants, and not up to the task of delivering innovative technology solutions. In order to bridge this gap, Andersen Consulting used extensive market research to create a brand and naming strategy that would establish immediate credibility in the “consulting” arena, while at the same time leveraging all of the positive aspects with the Arthur Andersen brand. Market research also helped form the strategy for successfully launching the new name and positioning. In order to build a new identity, Andersen Consulting set a groundbreaking precedent by using sophisticated marketing strategies coupled with the professional...
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...Global Positioning System and Tracking 2nd Semester B.S. (SE) 2014 Submitted By: Name: Hafsa Ameer Enrolment number: 2014/comp/BS(S.E)/16869 Submitted to: Hina Qaiser Khan 14 -November,2014 Department of Computer Science and Information Technology Jinnah University for Women 5-C Nazimabad, Karachi 74600 ABSTRACT Where am I? Where am I going? Where are you? What is the best way to get there? When will I get there? In this paper GPS technology can answer all these questions. GPS satellite can show you exact position on the earth any time, in any weather, no matter where you are. GPS technology has made an impact on navigation and positioning needs with the use of satellites and ground stations the ability to track aircrafts, cars, cell phones, boats and even individuals has become a reality. A system of satellites, receivers that is able to determine the latitude and longitude of a receiver on Earth by calculating the distance. System (GPS) is a worldwide radio-navigation system formed from constellation of 24 satellites. Navigation system is made for aircraft, ships, ground vehicles, and for hand carrying by individuals. Surveying, telecommunications facilities, and mapping, tracking etc is another use of GPS. Also in this paper feasibility is, to introduce tracking system in Jinnah University, that monitor students’progress until they have seen an academic advising resources and helps students graduate on time. TABLE OF CONTENT...
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...Running head: GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEMS Global Positioning Systems BUSI512: Managerial Information Technology Key Term: Global Positioning Systems Definition: According to Haag, Baltzan, and Phillips (2008) a global positioning system (GPS) is “a device that determines current latitude, longitude, speed, and direction of movement.” (p. 188). According to Dictionary.com (2008), a global positioning system (GPSP is “a global system of U.S. navigational satellites developed to provide precise positional and velocity data and global time synchronization for air, sea, and land travel.” Article Summary: “Secure Tracking for Critical Applications” by Chris Wullems, Alessandro Pozzobon, and Oscar Pozzobon In their article, Wullems and the Pozzobons discuss the importance of safeguarding Global Position System (GPS) tracking applications against security threats. They explain how users should be educated on the weaknesses in the technology so they can be aware of the proper procedures and tools to protect themselves. The authors start off by explaining the safety and security advantages of GPS technology with regards to vehicle tracking and remote monitoring systems. After briefly discussing those advantages, they then segue into the downside of the technology, and the inherent dangers involved in failing to adequately secure the technology. They refer to the technology as “a double-edged sword” without adequate...
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...The Future of Policing CJS/210 Michelle Cleveland In the USA, the criminal justice policy has been guided by the 1967 President’s Commission of the Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice which issued a ground-breaking report “The Challenge of Crimes in a free society”. This report made more than 200 recommendations as part of a comprehensive approach which is toward the prevention and fighting of crime. Some of the recommendations had found their way into the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968. The Commission advocated a “systems” approach to the criminal justice. This approach improved coordination among the law enforcement, courts, and correctional agencies. The President’s Commission defined the criminal justice system as the means for the society to enforce the standards of conduct that is necessary to protect individuals and the community. The criminal justice system aims to reduce crime by bringing more offences to justice, and to raise confidence that the system is for the law-abiding citizens. They want to be able to balance the goals of crime control, prevention, and justice. The overarching goal for the criminal justice system plays a big role throughout the society when it comes to protecting our society. “The only thing constant is change” (Heraclitus). With technology on a rise and increasing demographic changes in contemporary America...
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...CHAPTER 2 Customer-Based Brand Equity Customer-Based Brand Equity - Building a Strong Brand - Creating Customer Value - CHAPTER 3 Brand Positioning Identifying and Establishing Brand Positioning - Positioning Guidelines Defining and Establishing Brand Mantras - Brand Audits CHAPTER 4 Choosing Brand Elements to Build Brand Equity Criteria for Choosing Brand Elements - Options and Tactics for Brand Elements - CHAPTER 5 Designing Marketing Programs to Build Brand Equity New Perspectives on Marketing – Product Strategy – Pricing Strategy - Channel Strategy - CHAPTER 6 Integrating Marketing Communications to Build Brand Equity The New Media Environment - Overview of Marketing Communication Options - Developing Integrated Marketing Communication Programs CHAPTER 7 Leveraging Secondary Brand Associations to Build Brand Equity Conceptualising the Leveraging Process - Country of Origin and other Geographic Areas - Co-Branding - Licensing - Celebrity Endorsement – CHAPTER 8 Developing a Brand Equity Measurement and Management System The Brand Value Chain - Designing Brand Tracking Studies - Establishing a Brand Equity Management System – CHAPTER 9 Measuring Sources of Brand Equity: Capturing Customer Mindset Qualitative Research Techniques - Quantitative Research Techniques - Comprehensive Models for Customer-Based Brand Equity - CHAPTER10 Measuring Outcomes of Brand Equity: Capturing Market...
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...GAP ANALYSIS –HACS Conducting a Gap Analysis for HACS 6/14/2005 Anthony-Claret Onwutalobi University of Wollongong Australia Codewit Publications -2005-UOW-ACO GAP ANALYSIS INTRODUCTION Recently, nearly all courier services are striving to deliver quality services to its customers in order to survive the ongoing competitive edge in the global market. This is true in the case of Here Already Courier Service (HACS), a courier company that is growing from a small customer base in Hurstville. Owning to the fact that this company has been noted for its Codewit Publications -2005-UOW-ACO efficient services, moreover, they are currently expanding their services for a more satisfying and valuable service. These current changes necessitate the company to analyze the present and desired state and to determine the difference between where they are and where they would like to be. In this analysis, the current and desired state of HACS network will be identified by conducting gap analysis. However, I will compare the two states; identify locations of new devices, and suggest those aspects that need to be changed, and those that need to be replaced and those that may be retained. CURRENT STATE OF HACS NETWORK Currently, Here Already Courier Service (HACS) has up to 4,000 vehicles and delivers over 200,000 parcels a day. Although this goods and services provided by HACS are still giving some logistic faults to Drivers, as orders are confused and drivers, get...
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...GPS and the Future of Navigation Table of Contents Page 1 Introduction of Global Positioning Systems Page 2 Early Usage Page 3 Modern Usage Page 4 Recreational Usage Page 5 The Future of GPS Page 6 References Kirby Weeks Professor Gupta CS 300T Online October 15th, 2012 GPS and the Future of Navigation GPS, or Global Positioning Systems, have revolutionized our society. They have completely replaced maps as a way to navigate while driving. Humans are explorers by nature, since the beginning of time. Navigation was first based on the sun, moon, and stars, by understanding their placements in the sky, we could have a sense of where we were, and where we were going. Then there was the compass. That along with a crude map could make it much easier to get from point A to point B. After that we had fully detailed maps with street names and addresses for even easier navigation. Now, we have GPS. GPS is the standard for navigation in our culture, it has completely changed the way we travel, and with all its amazing technological advances, it looks to be the standard for years to come. At the present time, almost everyone has a GPS. They are equipped standardly in new cars, they come as free apps on smart phones, or you can just buy one at your local Target or Wal-Mart for as cheap as a hundred dollars. And, once you buy the device, or have the software installed, there is no reoccurring bill. The ongoing service is completely free of charge. This makes it...
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...and led them to a better future. II. 2008 Revenue dropped and lost market share 2008 Revenue dropped and lost market share Timeline 10years of plummet 10years of plummet 2010 Revenue or sale highly increase 2010 Revenue or sale highly increase 2010 Successfully brought down nameplates 2010 Successfully brought down nameplates 2010 Enhancement of existing Sync Function 2010 Enhancement of existing Sync Function 2009 Revenues came earlier than expectation 2009 Revenues came earlier than expectation 2010 Launch of small efficient cars 2010 Launch of small efficient cars 2008 Raise cash the old fashioned way, start relieving 2008 Raise cash the old fashioned way, start relieving 1998 Bestselling vehicle 1998 Bestselling vehicle 2006 Planned to perform cardiac resuscitation 2006 Planned to perform cardiac resuscitation III. Objective * To be able to identify why Ford committed failure * To be able to determine what are the competitive advantage of the company * To be able to discuss where to position the brand * To be able to help Mullaly in making decision * To enhance the reading and analytic skills of the student IV. Statement of problem 1. After 10 years of operation, Ford’s revenues, market share and brand equity fell down. 2. Does the external environment affect the decision of the company. 3. Can Mulally succeed in too much focused on small cars. 4. Sync System already exists, can Ford...
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...James (PM-Thursday) July 2, 2015 Unit#1 Research Paper#1: Paradigm Shift We all know was GPS, Global Positioning System, means because we have them in our cars to help us find a location when we travel nationwide or when we just need to find street address. We also have them in our cell phones to do exactly the same. It even helps boats and ships to navigate the oceans and also helps airplanes fly around the world without getting lost or crashing. Those are the basics we know about GPS it helps everyone know or find their exact locations around the world. In the 1970s GPS was developed by the military to guide weapons of mass destruction during the war. It had 24 satellites in which over the years of many designs it became fully functional in 1995 (contributors, 2015). Now the military controls the GPS which is good because it helps us defend our country from others who want to attack the USA. While it’s been available to everyone for free we still have restrictions. The U.S. government controls the export of some civilian receivers. All GPS receivers capable of functioning above 18 km (60,000 feet) altitude and 515 m/s (1,000 knots), or designed or modified for use with unmanned air vehicles like, e.g., ballistic or cruise missile systems, are classified as munitions (weapons)—which means they require State Department export licenses.[76] (contributors, Global Positiong System, 2015) The GPS eliminated the compass which we used for years to find our way around. It’s very...
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...Ground-Based Augmentation System (GBAS) is a satellite navigation technology added to the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to augment the entire performance. GNSS basically consists of the Global Positioning System (GPS) and the Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (GLONASS). However, due to the ionospheric gradient, the performance of GNSS with GPS and GLONASS only is limited. Four Augmentation Systems are thus added to GNSS, including the Space-Based Augmentation System, Ground-Based Augmentation Systems, Airplane-Based Augmentation Systems, and Ground-Based Regional Augmentation Systems, in order to improve accuracy, integrity, continuity of service, and availability of navigation. Among the four augmentation systems, GBAS is the only one capable of meeting the most stringent operational needs of aviation, e.g. takeoff and landing in low-visibility conditions. Therefore, it has been effectively applied to the support of takeoff and landing operations. GBAS consists of a ground segment, airborne segment, and space segment. To facilitate the navigational performance augmentation, GABS is used to develop differential corrections for each satellite, and broadcast these corrections to the airborne receiver over a very high frequency (VHF) data broadcast (VDB) signal transmitted in the 108.0-117.975 MHz band. The ground segment consists of three or four reference receivers located on or near an airport property. These receivers track the signals from navigation...
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...The Global Positioning System, more commonly known as GPS, is a space based navigation system that provides location and time information in any weather conditions anywhere in the world within the unobstructed view of the several GPS satellites. This technology was created in the United States for military purposes during the early 1970s and continues to be maintained by them however, since 1999 it has been freely accessible for anyone with GPS receivers. With the availability of GPS to the civilian population, there has been a large but steady increase in the usage of the Global Positioning System over the last 15 years. The development and utilization of this technology paved its path to creating its own multi-billion dollar industry comprising of a wide variety of applications for farming, construction, transportation, aerospace, health and safety which is estimated to grow up to $26.7 billion in 2016 and eventually become worth much more in the coming years. The significant potential of the industry’s future is highly inevitable due to the growing world population and developing towns, cities and countries. Some of the technology such as augmented reality, touch less gestures, voice enable commands, use of telematics in the automotive sector has also increased the scope of the overall GPS market. The global GPS market is segmented on the basis of its application and type. On the basis of type, the GPS market is divided into automotive, marine, aviation, GPS enabled mobile...
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