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Global Warming Essay

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Un problema mundial

Este fenómeno natural que permite la vida en la tierra, es causado por una serie de gases que se encuentran en la atmosfera, provocando que parte del calor del sol que nuestro planeta refleja quede atrapado manteniendo la temperatura media global así durante muchos millones de años el efecto invernadero natural mantuvo el clima de la tierra a una temperatura media relativamente estable y permitía que se desarrollase la vida. La capa de ozono está constituida por una serie de gases que filtran los rayos ultravioleta y el calor, a fin de que llegue a la tierra la temperatura necesaria para mantener las condiciones vitales tanto para plantas como animales. De esa cuenta, las plantas procesan la energía solar, convirtiéndola en fuente de alimento para los animales que las consumen o se alimentan con materia orgánica de la tierra. ¿Qué es lo que hace que la energía del Sol no pueda escapar de la atmósfera de un paneta? A diferencia de un invernadero los planetas no tienen una capa de vidrio sobre ellos. En cambio, la atmósfera tiene moléculas conocidas como gases de invernadero, que absorben el calor. Los gases de invernadero incluyen vapor, metano, ozono, óxido nitroso, y dióxido de carbono. El efecto invernadero se está viendo acentuado por la emisión de ciertos gases debidos a la actividad humana, como el dióxido de carbono y el metano, que está produciendo un calentamiento en la Tierra. Hay un consenso prácticamente unánime en la comunidad científica sobre que este calentamiento se está produciendo por esta causa. Las concentraciones de gases en la atmosfera están creciendo rápidamente, como consecuencia de que el mundo quema cantidades cada vez mayores de combustibles fósiles y destruye los bosques que podrían absorber dióxido de carbono y favorecer el equilibrio de la temperatura. Causas del calentamiento global: El clima varía por procesos naturales tanto internos como externos. Entre los primeros destacan las emisiones volcánicas, y otras fuentes de gases de efecto invernadero (como por ejemplo el metano emitido en las granjas animales). Entre los segundos pueden citarse los cambios en la órbita de la Tierra alrededor del Sol y la propia actividad solar.
Los especialistas en climatología aceptan que la Tierra se ha calentado recientemente (El IPCC cita un incremento de 0.6 ± 0.2 °C en el siglo XX). Más controvertida es la posible explicación de lo que puede haber causado este cambio. Tampoco nadie discute que la concentración de gases invernadero ha aumentado y que la causa de este aumento es probablemente la actividad industrial durante los últimos 200 años. El dióxido de carbono y otros contaminantes del aire se acumulan en la atmósfera formando una capa cada vez más gruesa, atrapando el calor del sol y causando el calentamiento del planeta. La principal fuente de contaminación por la emisión de dióxido de carbono son las plantas de generación de energía a base de carbón, pues emiten 2,500 millones de toneladas al año. La segunda causa principal, son los automóviles, emiten casi 1,500 millones de toneladas de CO2 al año. Según un artículo publicado en enero del 20041, el calentamiento global podría exterminar a una cuarta parte de todas las especies de plantas y animales de la Tierra para el 2050. Estudios realizados, muestran que la década de los noventa, fue la más caliente en los últimos mil años. En caso de que toda la capa de hielo de la Antártida se fundiera, el nivel del mar aumentaría aproximadamente 61 m: un aumento de sólo 6 m bastaría para inundar Londres y a Nueva York.
El nivel del dióxido de carbono (CO2) en la atmósfera podría duplicarse en los próximos 30 o 50 años. Los países más afectados son los principales en promover la reducción de emisión de los gases invernadero. La aceleración del flujo del hielo en regiones de Groenlandia se estimó en 2000 que disminuye el volumen de su capa de hielo en 51 km³/año, aunque una revaluación más reciente[] sitúa el número en 150 km³/año. Parte del aumento se debe a una aceleración reciente de la fusión de los glaciares periféricos, y se estima que su contribución al aumento del nivel del mar ha alcanzado en 2005 un valor 0,57±0.1 mm/año. - Indonesia es el país con mayor número de mamíferos y pájaros en peligro de extinción a consecuencia del cambio climático, 128 y 104 respectivamente. - Brasil fue entre 1990 y 2000 el país en el que hubo mayor deforestación con 22.264 km².
Cinco de los 10 países que más deforestan se encuentran en el continente africano. 1 Estudio publicado el 8 de enero de 2004 por Chris Thomas
*Datos del IPCC en su tercer informe (2001)
Consecuencias que habrán si continuamos con las tendencias actuales:
- El derretimiento de glaciares, el derretimiento temprano de la nieve y sequías severas.
- El aumento en los niveles del mar producirá inundaciones.
- Los bosques, las granjas y las ciudades enfrentarán nuevas plagas problemáticas y más enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos.

¿Cómo podemos disminuir la contaminación que causa el calentamiento global?
Es sencillo. Reduciendo la contaminación de los vehículos y las plantas generadoras de energía, debemos generalizar de inmediato el uso de las tecnologías existentes para fabricar automóviles más limpios y generadores de energía eléctrica más modernos, podemos empezar a usar fuentes renovables de energía como la eólica, la solar y la geotérmica. Además, podemos fabricar equipos más eficientes y conservar energía.

¿Qué puedo hacer yo para luchar contra el calentamiento global?
Hay muchas medidas simples que usted puede tomar ahora mismo para disminuir la contaminación que causa el calentamiento global. Haga de la conservación de energía parte de su rutina diaria. Cada vez que usted elige un foco de luz fluorescente en lugar de uno incandescente, por ejemplo, disminuye su cuenta de luz y evita que más de 300 kilos de dióxido de carbono sean emitidos al aire durante la vida útil del foco. Al elegir un refrigerador con la etiqueta Energy Star, lo cual indica que utiliza por lo menos 15% menos energía del requisito federal, en lugar de un modelo con uso menos eficiente de energía, puede reducir la contaminación con dióxido de carbono cerca de una tonelada.

En conclusión, este fenómeno es algo que nos afecta y afectará a nosotros y a las futuras generaciones, y visto que la raza humana es la que lo ha ido empeorando, es nuestra responsabilidad cuidar el planeta en que vivimos.

BIBLIOGRAFIA

• http://www.transparenciamedioambiente.df.gob.mx/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=123%3Aconsejos-para-contribuir-a-controlar-el-calentamiento-global&catid=52%3Acambio-climatico&Itemid=428

• http://blog.nuestroclima.com/?p=129

• http://www.mitosyfraudes.org/Calen4/Lobo.html

• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Portada

• http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calentamiento_global

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