...Opium has been around for over 5,500 years. The Sumerians in the Near East used to call this plant "Hul Gil" or joy plant, apparently referring to its pharmacological properties of bringing about a chemically induced state of euphoria. Over the millennium, the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) made its way towards the East. In the 1800's India, under British colonial rule was a major producer of opium. Opium trade, during that period was not illegal. Britain, through the East India Company had the monopoly in opium trade. n the late 1920's, Thailand was importing most of the opium in required. Back then, opium smoking was tolerated much like tobacco smoking is tolerated today. In the early 1930's, a British adviser to Thailand's Ministry of Finance developed a plan for the legal production of opium by hill tribe people in the provinces of Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai. The aim then was to by-pass having to purchase expensive opium from India. It is no wonder that Mae Hong Son, Chiang Mai and Chiang Rai provinces produced a large amount of opium. At present, tourists still think that Thailand produces prodigious amounts of the stuff. Since Thailand banned opium in the year 1959, hill tribe people were given a chance to replace their crops with other high-value crops such as cut flowers and sub-tropical fruits. The current area planted to opium in Thailand is but a mere fraction of what it used to be in the past. Most of the opium and heroin that is apprehended in...
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...Opiates | November 292012 | | | The Drug & It’s Effects Opiates are powerful drugs derived from the poppy plant that have been used for centuries to relieve pain. Also known as narcotics, opiates can be natural or synthetic. The natural opiates include opium, morphine, and codeine. Other substances, called opioids, are man-made. These substances are like opiates in that they are most often used to treat chronic or severe pain and are also highly addictive. These substances include Dilaudid, Demerol, Oxycodone, Vicodin, Fentanyl, Methadone, and Darvon. Heroin is an opioid manufactured from morphine. Heroin has no medicinal uses; it is used for its ability to give the user a feeling of euphoria. The effects of opiate use can vary depending on the method of use. The user may have a flushed appearance and complain of dry mouth. The user may also notice periods of "nodding off" or going back and forth between feelings drowsy and alert. They may also complain about his/her limbs feeling extremely heavy. These effects will most likely disappear within a few hours, as the opiate wears off. Excessive use of opiates can cause a slowdown in activity of the respiratory center in the brain stem, which results in decreased breathing rate or shut down breathing altogether. When someone overdoses on an opiate, it is the action of the opiate on the brain stem's respiratory centers that can cause the person to stop breathing and die. Over time, opiate users may develop infections...
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...Afghanistan has extremely fertile lands, which makes growing poppy plants (opium is extracted from the poppy seed) very profitable considering the total opium market value is around $4 billion per year. The lack of governmental intervention coupled with the well suited growing conditions make Afghanistan along with other countries in the Middle East, the perfect manufacturing and shipping or distribution plant of opium in the world. Even though opium is used highly in western medicine when making morphine-based drugs to help relieve pain, opium in the drug trade most often comes in the illegal form of heroin; one of the most abused and highly addictive drugs used recreationally across the globe. Prolonged use causes dependency and constipation, along with the increased risk of contracting blood borne diseases such as HIV or hepatitis. Death by overdose is very prominent as well, around 100,000 per year die from heroin overdose, and around 30,000 of those deaths occur in Russia. “Afghan drug production is an international rather than a local or regional threat,” Russia’s drug control chief, Viktor Ivanov has said. The United States, along with NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) have combined resources to eradicate the drug trade in the Middle East, spending close to $500 million this year, and around $6 billion in the past 10 years to try and get farmers to convert their crops, along with bombing already existing poppy fields with no avail. The drug trade out of Afghanistan...
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...Have you ever wondered what it would be like to have a clone? You could make it go to school for you, do your homework or chores, basically anything! But in this three-time Newberry Honor Author awarded book, The House of the Scorpion, clones are used for an entirely different reason. This book is set in the distant future. Today’s Mexico is now Opium, a vast expanse of land filled with poppy plants and ejeets, mind-controlled slaves, who work, eat, and breathe on command. In opium, there are no laws, which allows el A powerful, 140 year old drug lord to do whatever he pleases. The main character, Matt, is el ‘s clone. In the beginning of this book, Matt faces the hardships of being a clone. As most people think that clones are vile, disgusting creatures, it wasn’t easy for him. But over the years, some people learn to accept him. As matt grows, so does his eagerness to learn. But, with this knowledge, matt soon finds out that he was meant for an alternative purpose. I will now read you an excerpt from the book. This is the part when Matt realizes that El will use his organs to stay young. I really enjoyed this book because it was thrilling, creative, and it had an amazing plotline! I found this book thrilling because it had so many twist and turns. The author, , had such a unique way of telling the story. At multiple points, I found myself unable to stop reading! I really enjoyed how creative the author was. He combined old Mexican...
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...fix. So what makes drugs so appealing to young people? Well might do it because it s something to help their social status- to be like their friends. They might be trying to numb the physical or mental suffering of life. Drugs offer a solution to many teenagers that think they don t have future. Lastly, doing drugs is dangerous and forbidden. It s a chance for them to do something that they know is wrong. Opiates are a group of drugs, which are used medically to relieve pain, but also have a high potential for abuse. They tend to relax the user, which would make sense of the fact that once in the body, it will bring on a feeling of euphoria. Opiates are derived from papaver somniferum, an Asian poppy. Some opiates come from the resin that is extracted from the seed of the poppy. Generic names of some opiates are opium, morphine, heroin, oxycodone, oxymorphone, methadone, and hydrocodone....
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...During World War One, poet John McCrae wrote many pieces of literature. He published many short stories but was most famous for his poem In Flanders Fields. This poem uses many instances of symbolism and imagery to convey the main idea to the reader. In the first line it says "In Flanders Fields the poppies blow". The poppy is known as a symbol of sleep. The last line "We shall not sleep, though poppies grow / In Flanders Fields" point to this fact. Some kinds of poppies can be used to derive opium, from which morphine can be made. Morphine is one of the strongest painkillers and was often used to put a wounded soldier to sleep. Sometimes medical doctors used it in a higher dose to put the incurably wounded out of their misery. Poppies were also the only plant that grew in the western front during the war, and during that time poppies were constantly being blown into the author's face, which gave him reason enough and the inspiration to include them in the poem. Other symbols in this poem include the larks, sited in lines four and five. The idea McCrae conveys in this stanza is the fragility of human life "The larks, still bravely singing, fly / Scarce heard amid the guns below." The lark (bird) is known for its careless free spirit that symbolizes the oblivious people living in areas free from war. Meaning while life is being snatched away from the soldiers, people like us are carrying on with our carefree lives oblivious to the horrors of the battlefield. The last stanza...
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...Humor in which performers target themselves and their foibles or misfortunes for comic effect. Stand-up comedian Rodney Dangerfield was a practitioner of self-deprecating humor. Situational: Humor arising out of quotidian situations; it is the basis of sitcoms, or situation comedies. Situational comedies employ elements of farce, screwball, slapstick, and other types of humor. FRIENDS VS GOLDEN GIRLS The Golden Girls was one of the first sit-com shows that I remember watching with my grandmother who was a huge fan. As a result, I’ve always had a great fondness for the show. I’ve hummed its theme song and the still remarkable fact that it was a hit starring three women in their 60s. In the meantime, I’ve seen every episode of Friends and to this day would rather watch its re-reruns than almost anything else on TV. Friends may be hugely popular and beloved by mainly girls but that does not make it bad (it just makes it an easy target). Who would not laugh when they watch Monica dance with a turkey on her head? I assumed that Friends would win easily. But after re-watching The Golden Girls again now that I’m older, the competition has tightened up. Since Friends ended its ten-season run in 2004, audiences have been treated to/tortured by one clone after another. But before we lived in a world where there were dozens of shows just like Friends, there was Friends, which was a show sort of like...
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...GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOOD RESEARCH SUBMITTED BY: DOLORFINO, JOSE NORBIE T. SBGE I -13 Top 10 Genetically Modified Food Products Like humans, all organisms have genetic material. When scientists alter genetic material, or DNA, it's called genetic modification (GM). Genetically modifying foods or food crops can enhance taste and quality, increase nutrients or improve resistance to pests and disease. In some cases, GM foods help conserve natural resources, because the altered version might require less water or energy for processing. The first genetically modified food to reach our tables was the Flavr Savr tomato. Grown in California, the Flavr Savr tomato received Food and Drug Administration approval in 1994, after two years of testing and assessment. Mounting costs made the crop unprofitable, however, and production ceased in 1997. Creation of the Flavr Savr opened the doors for other GM foods to make their way into our kitchens. In the U.S., genetic modification has expanded into almost every area of food production. Scientists can introduce some sort of modification into the genes of crops, dairy products and animals. For example, ranchers and dairy farmers normally feed cattle a GM diet, which is in turn passed on to you when you drink milk or eat beef. Do you need to worry about what's on your family's dinner table? And are there some surprising benefits to GM foods? As you'll see, this subject is one hot potato. 10. SUGAR BEETS The sugar beet is one of...
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...too severe, whether it’s for the seduction and abandonment of two women, or even poetic justice for his sins. Jason of Iolcus in Thessaly, the son of the former king of Iolcus, Aeson, was one of the heroes taught by the centaur Chiron. As a young man Jason went to the court of his uncle Pelias to reclaim the throne his father had given his uncle with the condition that Jason would become king when he came of age. King Pelias, warned by an oracle that a man with one sandal would cause him to lose the throne, was alarmed when he saw Jason because, while crossing a river, Jason had lost one of his sandals. To stave off the oracle's predicted ill fortune, Pelias sent Jason on what was presumed to be a suicide mission, which was to fetch the Golden Fleece from Colchis. Jason succeeded in the seemingly impossible quest, with the help of his many heroic friends, known collectively as the Argonauts, and by charming the king's daughter Medea, a witch/sorceress. (It should also be noted that before he met Medea he had slept with a woman of The Isle of Lemnos, and left her with child When he left Colchis, Jason was obligated to take Medea with him because she had betrayed her father. On their sea passage, Medea killed her younger brother in protection of Jason and tossed his limbs upon the sea. Medea won the throne of Iolcus for Jason by tricking Pelias' own daughters to kill him. The pair continued together and had two sons, but later Jason reconsidered marriage to such a barbarian princess...
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...English 111 40B Instructor: Rebecca Faught 13 Feb, 2013 Paper #1 Benefits of the Internet Today Some people believe that the internet is not as beneficial to learning as picking up a book and reading. Many see the internet as a place to socialize or for fun and games. I disagree with them. In Amy Goldwasser’s argument,” What’s the Matter With Kids Today?” published in the online magazine, Salon, Amy gives her opinion on the subject of the internet. She believes teenagers are interacting with friends on the internet daily; therefore they are reading and writing. Conflicting to what many believe, the internet is more convenient than going to the library; it also keeps us connected with friends and family, and is beneficial to learning. I have used the internet for many things. The convenience alone keeps me coming back. In our busy lives, it is faster to use a computer than to drive to the library every time we need to look up something. I also use the internet daily to look up the meaning of words. If not for the internet I would probably just dismiss finding the definitions. Also I use the internet to take online classes. Using the internet enables me to further my education from home. Some classes are only offered online. Another way I use the internet is for banking. I can see a daily balance in my accounts, preventing me from overspending. Again I pay bills online; this way saves money and is faster than sending by mail. It can take many days to...
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...Greek amphora from 300 BC. I argue that Euripides portrays Medea as both a victim and a perpetrator, while the images depict Medea in either a completely sympathetic or a nefarious manner. Euripides’ play portrays Medea’s murder of her children and subsequent fleeing from Corinth in a more well-rounded manner than the one sided depictions that are represented in the images. In order to analyze the differences in how the story is told in the textual version and the images, we must first examine the myth of Medea. Medea, a sorceress, was the daughter of King Aeetes, the king of Colchis. She fell in love with Jason when he came to Colchis to retrieve the Golden Fleece, which was the property of Aeetes. Medea agreed to use her magical powers to help him as long as he would marry her once he succeeded. After Jason obtained the Golden Fleece, Medea killed her brother and scattered parts of his body to distract her father so that they could successfully escape from Colchis. They fled to Corinth where they married and had two sons. There, Jason betrayed Medea and abandoned her to marry...
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...defect of ambiguity or language in legal terms, defect of statutes. Some amount of interpretation is necessary when the word of statute is ambiguity, sometimes, the content of statutes have a straightforward meaning. But the ambiguity of the words in the statutes must be solved by courts, it is true that have some ambiguity or have a unclear meaning of statutes' words in most case. Statutory interpretation allows the judge to have a clear meaning of what is meant by the statutes. Hence, statutory interpretation is an important process when the case is judging by court and courts would seek to interpret the statutes at full steam. In the modern legal system, there are four general approaches to construe statutes that are respectively the golden rule, the literal rule, the purposive approach and the mischief rule. The quoted statement by Lord Denning means, when statute is interpreting, the judge need to understand the entire content of statutes and ascertain the intention of Parliament that better than reading different section of statues and to understand them separately, or words by words. In other words, Lord Denning said that by applying purposive approach better than literal rule. We need to understand and ascertain the meaning of four approaches before discussing the statement by Lord Denning. Whichever approaches or rules may be applied by court, giving a clear meaning of particular words in the statute or interpret the basic meaning of statute. The literal rule try...
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...GENETICALLY MODIFIED FOODS AND PUBLIC HEALTH DEBATE: DESIGNING PROGRAMS TO MITIGATE RISKS MOYE BONGYU University of Dschang, Cameroon GLORIA BILLINGSLEY Walden University MUSTAFA YOUNIS EMEKA NWAGWU Jackson State University ABSTRACT Human health is determined by both natural and artificial factors, amongst which what people consume is a critical variable. There is no consensus about the likely effects of the Genetically Modified foods/organisms (GMOs), but the fact remains that their effects on health are risky and highly unpredictable especially with the globalization tendency. The purpose of this study is to examine how the GMOs risks to public health can be reduced by policymakers enhancing public confidence in the GM foods. The Precaution Adoption Model (PAPM) has been selected to tackle this health problem. This model has been described and evaluation strategies analyzed on the basis of which success can be determined. BACKGROUND AND INTRODUCTION Human health is determined by both natural and artificial factors, amongst which what people consume is a critical variable. The proliferation of genetically modified (GM) food in the marketplace has resulted in heated public debate, scientific discussion and media coverage about their safety. Formerly, the use of selective breeding was commonplace but this was a sluggish and unreliable Public Administration & Management Volume 13, Number 3, 191-217 192 method. Genetic engineering now allows scientists to insert specific...
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...In the Homeric poems, epithets provide an index to the personality of a hero. When the poet invokes a particular epithet, a particular attribute or set of attributes is summoned to the performance. According to Theodore Klein, critics of Apollonius single out the pallid and ineffectual personality of Jason as the primary reason for the “aesthetic failure” of the Argonautica. He obtains the object of his quest, the golden fleece, in the end, but only via the help of a witch. He does finally return home to Greece, but only after having dishonorably slain Apsyrtus. Jason’s weakness is epitomized by the epithet amechanos, which may be translated “embarrass” or “incertitude.” The table below presents a few epithets of Homeric heroes: Achilles “Son of Peleus” “Swift-footed” “Breaking through men” “Lion-hearted” “Like to the gods” Aeneas “Son of Anchises” “Counselor of the Trojans” “Lord of the Trojans” “Father” “Loyal/Pious” Agamemnon “Son of Atreus” “Wide-ruling” “The Lord Marshal” “Powerful” “Shepherd of the People” “Brilliant” The unprepossessing figure of Jason is further sunk in relief against the more dominating personalities of the heroes in his crew. The timorous captain often finds himself deferring to the decisions of Heracles and other great heroes of classical lore. Whither Jason? Some have argued that the kind of heroism which the Argonautica highlights is collective heroism;...
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...a manifest absurdity.” (R v Judge of the City of London Court) Examples: (Whiteley v Chapel) – D charged under a section which made it an offence to impersonate any person entitled to vote. D impersonated someone who was on voting list but was deceased. D was not guilty as the person is dead they are not literally entitled to vote. (London and North Eastern Railways Co v Berriman) – Unable to claim when husband was killed whilst carrying out maintenance work oiling railway track. Statue said a look out should be provided when relaying or repairing the track. Words relaying and rapairing were given the literal meaning and didn’t cover maintenance. The Golden Rule It takes the literal meaning but the court is allowed to avoid interpretation which would lead to an absurd result. There are 2 views on how the golden rule should be used 1) the narrow application and 2) the wider application 1) Narrow application – if a word has more than one meaning, you can choose between them In Jones v DPP if a word had more than one meaning “You can choose between those meanings but beyond this you cannot go”. Examples: (R v Allen) – Example of narrow application Was a bigamist. S.57 OAPA made it illegal. The word marry had more than one meaning. 1) legally married and 2) goes through a ceremony of marriage. The D wanted to take the first definition as you can’t be legally married twice at the same time. Court took second meaning to avoid an absurd result. If the first definition...
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