...themselves to draw new and healthier assumptions about who they are. This process enables clients to distract from focusing on the negative narratives which defined their past, redefining their lives into future positive stories. Narrative therapists define the problem as the problem instead of defining the client as the problem. The therapy process begins redefining the problem, externalizing it and getting it out in the open. The narrative therapist uses the questioning technique and creates alternative narratives to connect the new story line to future options. The Narrative Therapy Approach According to Daniel (2009), a central element in many forms of therapy is narrative articulation of a client’s experiences. Goldenberg & Goldenberg (2008) state that Narrative Therapy centers on the “narrative metaphor” (p.365) which reflects the idea that our sense of reality is organized and...
Words: 3218 - Pages: 13
...Family Counseling Approach: Narrative Lisa R. Murray Liberty University Online Abstract Narrative therapy is a therapeutic approach that is used alone or in conjunction with other methods of therapy. This particular method of therapy is used in family therapy to help clients focus on gaining access to preferred story lines in reference to their lives and identities the family dynamics that may affect them. The preferred story line will replace the place of the previous negative and self-defeating narratives about themselves. Helping clients within a family counseling to begin to become the author of their own story is important in many cases to overcoming multigenerational affects. Narrative therapy aids in this process. This comprehensive evaluation of narrative therapy within the structure of family therapy and the integration of faith will be constructed in the following pages. Keywords: self-defeating, Narrative therapy, multigenerational, therapeutic Introduction Narrative therapy is considered apart of the Social Construction Model. This particular type of therapy, the counselor or therapist is not a dominant entity or focal point of the process. Instead the therapist is seen as an influential individual to the client. The counselor will aid the client with the process of internalization and the creation of new stories or narratives within themselves that help them to draw new assumptions about themselves. This is done through the process of the client...
Words: 3758 - Pages: 16
...of the history of the Gestalt experiential family therapy framework, the leading figures, and in conclusion an overview of how a personal worldview interacts with the Gestalt theory. keywords: Gestalt, integration, experiential family therapy, worldview Family Counseling Approach Research Gestalt Family Therapy Introduction The experiential model or experiential approach to family therapy has many innovators. The symbolic experiential approach pioneered by Carl Whitaker highlights how the therapist provides counselees different ways to accept and deal with issues (Goldenberg and Goldenberg, 2013). Satir (1967) emphasizes the importance of communication in conjoint family therapy. For Whitaker, the symbolic experiential model is a multigenerational approach used in therapy to address both individual and family relational patterns (Goldenberg & Goldenberg, 2013). The Gestalt experiential approach, leading figure Walter Kempler (1981) reaches to help people go beyond their customary “self deceptive games,...
Words: 3103 - Pages: 13
...Structure Family structure is defined by the role and the relationship between the individuals of the family (Goldenberg & Goldenberg 2008). It differs from one family to another depending on how the household is set up. Assessing a family and knowing its structure is acknowledged to be the fundamental base of data collection (Goldenberg & Goldenberg 2008). In order to understand a family’s structure and how its members interact with one another, the therapist will need to assist the family using different methods. One way to assist a family is to interview its members, whether separately to avoid anxiety or together as a family (Wager, 2008). Another important method the therapist should use is genogram (Wager, 2008). A genogram is the family window through time and generations. Using genograms allows the therapist to study the history and the background of the family (Bowen, 1966). Genograms also highlight and show the relationship the current family has with their previous generations (Bowen, 1966). Genogram data is collected through different symbols which represent different relationship between the family members; it usually includes three generations (Bowen, 1966). Joachim’s family needed some assistance with their family situation they are currently going through. To be able to assist the family, a genogram has been used to highlight the relationships all family members share between one another (see appendix A). As shown in the...
Words: 1521 - Pages: 7
...Table of content page Introduction 2 1 First-order cybernetics principles 2 2 Second-order cybernetics 4 3 Perception of reality 5 4 Health and pathology 6 5 The role and function of therapy 7 6 Ethical concerns 8 7 Integration of first- and second-order cybernetics 8 Conclusion 9 Reference list 10 A comparison of first- and second-order cybernetics Introduction When considering psychology most think of individual psychology. But in more recent years, systems theory or cybernetics as a school of thought in psychology has grown in its influence in the field. Within cybernetics there are two different approaches, namely first-order or simple cybernetics and second-order cybernetics. What student hopes to achieve with this assignment is a better understanding of these two by exploring what sets them apart. 1 First-order cybernetics principles In describing first-order cybernetics, Becvar and Becvar (2014) use the following principles to highlight its fundamental assumptions. 1.1 Recursion People and events do not exist in isolation but within a context, more specifically within the relationships in which they are involved in. Recursion refers to the fact that all elements involved in a relationship influence each other as they are constantly interacting. 1.2 Feedback It is the part of recursion that allows a system to correct itself by using the information given about past behaviours in order to make...
Words: 2524 - Pages: 11
...Family Counseling Approach: Structural Model Jennifer Tankard Liberty University Abstract Structural family therapist takes an approach to therapy that seeks to help the entire family rather than looking at the family member that has a presenting problem. Healthy families have a healthy balance within the family subset when clearly defined roles are present. Structural family therapy was developed by Salvador Minuchin and a team of researchers from New York. The techniques of the theory are centered on creating a healthy relationship among family members. Structural family therapist looks at creating a healthy partnership with each member of the family to help the family find a solution to their problem. Structural family therapy can be integrated with a biblical worldview. Counseling from a Christian perspective will help families understand God’s design for the family, and understand the role of each member as stated in scripture. Christian counselors using an integrative approach to structural therapy will be able to help families see the biblical roles that God has set for the husband/father, wife/mother and the children/siblings to develop a functional family. Keywords: Theory, intervention, psychosomatic, integration, structural therapy, dysfunction, family. Part I Introduction Everyone has a family. Each family is different in how the system functions. A family is defined in many different ways. Some consist of the traditional definition of father, mother...
Words: 4305 - Pages: 18
...review in current APA format on 1 of the specific approaches to family counseling, (e.g., structural, psychoanalytic, Bowenian, experiential, etc.; i.e., not a technique). You will identify leading figures, historical and current events, assumptions, development of the theory, concepts, and techniques related to your chosen approach. You will also note any similarities or dissimilarities between the chosen theory and other leading theories, and you will identify any new knowledge you acquired through this assignment. You must have scholarly references, including books and journals that are written to or for scholars. You may use some non-scholarly materials; however, these may not be the bulk of your references. Do not use the Goldenberg & Goldenberg textbook as your primary reference. You must use a minimum of 12 sources cited in current APA format in both the body of your paper and your reference page. Part I of your paper requires a minimum of 6 pages. Part II: A personal integration section is required. This second section of your paper will be your attempt to integrate your own faith and family counseling approach. You may use whatever resources are necessary to complete this portion of the paper, including materials from the Ripley & Worthington textbook. Feel free to use additional books about integration or any materials you have found beneficial on integrating your faith and counseling. The supplemental textbooks listed in your Course Syllabus may help you in writing...
Words: 459 - Pages: 2
...Pentateuchal Judaism was brought to Jerusalem, by Ezra, by introducing the Pentateuch to Jerusalem as law, after the upper class of Jerusalem returned from exile. Pentateuchal Judaism created a socially constructed world based on boundaries and strict rules that, when followed, deemed members pure and part of the society. The society created by Pentateuchal Judaism was one that focused on distancing itself from the rest of the world. Pentateuchal Society viewed people of the world in one of two ways; either they were part of the true Judaic Society, through following the rules set by the Pentateuch and remaining what was considered pure, or they were an outsider of the faith. Those considered to be outsiders of Pentateuchal Judaism were attacked by the actions the Pentateuchal Jews took towards them. The Pentateuchal Society created boundaries, defining its society, around the Pentateuchal concept of cleanliness and adhering to the practices of the Pentateuch. The concept of cleanliness in the Pentateuchal Society was very well defined, and contained multiple degrees of cleanliness. Purity and cleanliness were considered interchangeable, therefore the more “clean” one was considered, the more pure, while the less clean, the less pure, and vice versa. Purity, and therefore cleanliness, could be judged on many different aspects of the world, such as location, books, and even animals. Location was based on concentric realms of increased purity (Lightstone, 4.3). This essentially...
Words: 1740 - Pages: 7
...We live in a continuously changing world. It has become very important to know about these changes as well as adopt them in our lives. Also the application of this knowledge in terms of work and daily activities has become important. The question is from where and how do we keep up with this changing world? The only way is learning, keeping yourself aware and updated of these changes. One of the major sources that can lead to knowledge is how and where do we learn. The answer is schools which are an important source of knowledge. It is important that schools provide students the newest of information and keep themselves updated, only then can they help their student to do so. With the growing economical changes and job opportunities students feel that higher education had become more and more important. With a wide range of students graduating and tough competition, there is comparatively less job opportunities in the job market. Getting a job after graduation is easier stated than done. (Kiran Mirchandani, 2008). At one of my previous job I remember one of my colleagues mentioned that he had received over 150 applications for an assistant position within 3 hours after the job was posted. Employers need to weed out good applicants from dozens of students that apply for the same job. Distinguishing by degree is a quick and simple way of doing that. (Kiran Mirchandani, 2008). Schooling system has changed with the changing economy. The expectations and routines that...
Words: 933 - Pages: 4
...Postmodern Approach to Social Constructivism Laura Romine Liberty University Abstract As the world looks at the reality of communal exchange, thumbing back to historical debates of empirical and rational schools of thought, delineations from dualism to social interchange and collaboration refine hypothesis’ of undisputable truth. Reminiscent of the psychoanalytic movement with greats such as Freud, Jung and Adler, therapy, more of an art than science, and current day philosophies drive which models influence today’s truth. Reality is fashioned by language, how we feel, act and think, revealing “stories” we tell the self as contextual meanings. These beliefs now evolve one’s creation and truth. The therapist, joining in recognition of new perspectives, empowers and helps the client see that forward progress is strength within oneself. In a social constructivist point of view, the therapist detaches from the expert status of defining the problem. From family therapy and the multicultural lens, therapists now challenge cultural factors that, in turn, shape the client’s perceptions in the format of brief therapies. Keywords: brief therapies, collaborative, family therapy, social constructionism Postmodern Approach to Social Constructivism In the 21st century a paradigm shift motivated the field of psychology to unlock a fresh world view revealing the objet d'art of collective exchange. Referring to the modernistic creation of self, it is said that the anthropological...
Words: 4358 - Pages: 18
...According to Goldberg and Goldberg (2013), psychoanalysis during the first part of the twenty century focused on the facet of intrapersonal methodology. This approach to therapy provided treatment to an individual that did not include his or family members or any associations that family members or any other individuals will have in the occurrence of the problem. Psychotherapy were more focused on getting the client to “explore their unconscious fantasy world” (Goldberg and Goldberg, 2013, p. 16). According to this approach of therapy, an individual has succeeded or failed at an event, usually failed. Because of this failure, a behavioral response to the result of the event takes place. Anticipation of success along with feelings such as pride, guilt, and shame, together define consequent conduct. Therapists who have treated individuals through the intrapersonal approach were more focused on reinforcing the client’s ability to distinguish “self” from the “problem” and how to make a distinction between each. Once this was achieved the therapist next step was to get the client to accept full responsibility for his or her decisions that were made in their life. As time progressed therapists began to alter their beliefs that an individual was solely responsible for his or her behaviors. Their focus began to shift from intrapersonal to interpersonal approach. Interpersonal approach takes into account the behavior of the individual as well as the individual family members...
Words: 491 - Pages: 2
...Students will be required to understand the systems philosophy and six major theoretical frameworks within the marriage and family therapy field. Students will understand such core content areas as: marriage and family history, key theoretical figures, ethics and legal matters, counseling issues, some techniques, current trends, and future themes. This is the first marriage and family course, thus it is designed to teach foundational materials necessary to pass state licensure examinations. For a more in-depth and deeper level of understanding, demonstration and skill development, the COUN 602 class may be taken when offered. I. Prerequisites COUN 501, 502 and 504 II. Required Resource Purchases Goldenberg, I., & Goldenberg, H. (2008). Family therapy: An overview (7th ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Brookes/Cole. ISBN: 0495097594. McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R., & Petry, S. (2008). Genograms: Assessment and intervention (3rd ed.). New...
Words: 2224 - Pages: 9
...McDuffie states “That the African Negro is destined by God to occupy this condition of servile dependence is not less clear.” He also says that “Until the African can change his skin, it will be in vain attempt … to make freemen of those whom God has doomed to be slaves.” David M. Goldenberg refutes this argument by explaining that during Ancient Hebrew times, black skin color was not considered a curse, but a blessing. Biblical literature describes Africans being tall, smooth of skin, very athletic, and pious. The Hebrew Bible expresses respect for Africans’ athletic ability. Goldenberg also makes it clear that skin color was not considered an issue in the Bible. McDuffie’s statement that the Bible describes skin color as a disadvantage and symbolism of oppression is completely incorrect. McDuffie’s misinterpretation of black skin color being a curse, rather than a grace, refutes his...
Words: 906 - Pages: 4
...Media Representations of Canadian Women in Politics. Introduction The mass media have largely helped female political participation and electoral success. Media notice of the ‘gender gap’ helped women in the political arena, decades ago, and instilled awareness of the women’s vote and needed female representation (Kahn & Goldenberg, 1991, p. 104). Women are still presented in ways that differ from males in political coverage or other media, apt to be discussed for personal attributes, appearance or private lives, described as perky individuals, and often as soldiers or otherwise masculine persons, and as special achievers. It seems that Canadian female politicians cannot be simple representatives. Lively, Perky, Individuals Cody Groat (2013) discussed Sheila Copps, a longstanding Hamilton East MP and deputy prime minister to Jean Chretien that through twenty years in office continued to be presented in the media as cute and singular. Donatella Campus (2013) explained that women politicians find a ‘double bind’ in the need to be presentable, as means feminine in expected ways and competent (p.39). Canadian politics at all levels require media success according to established patterns. Much is applauded of how women balance family obligations and careers or for that matter, how they spend their free time. Male politicians when interviewed are not apt to be asked about family strain, stress or how they cope with criticism...
Words: 606 - Pages: 3
...Sales Management Paper With the current revolution in the corporate world, many organizations find the need to keep up with the set trends in the corporate scene. This is essential for them to maintain relevance, as well as achieve set targets and strategic objectives. One of the important aspects of business management is sales personnel management. This is an important business aspect that can lead to efficiency and effectiveness in business. This study will seek to analyze the various tools and techniques used in sales personnel management. Personnel management encompasses a deep interest in the well-being of an employee. Its main aim is ensuring that employees have a sense of satisfaction. Personnel management tasks include training, selection, hiring, motivation, rewards, and compensation among others. Personnel managers are mainly involved in execution of these important tasks (Ingram, 2008). Training encompasses the process of improving personnel competencies, knowledge and potentialities, (in regards to the specific tasks that will be assigned to them). This is an essential process that should be perpetual, in order to achieve excellent execution of jobs (Ingram, 2008). It gives sales personnel managers an easier time in dealing with sales personnel. There are different basis on which training is carried out. Training is carried out upon induction of new sales people to the company. It is also important to train current sales personnel. This empowers them to brush...
Words: 1089 - Pages: 5
