...4. In what ways did World War II contribute to the growth of the federal government? How did it foster what historians now call the military-industrial complex? World War II majorly contributed to the growth of the federal government through the universal taxation of incomes to help fund the war, a huge military establishment, and multibillion-dollar budgets. All of these things more than likely would not have come about in the size that they did if World War II never started, although World War I did have a part in it also (Henretta 725). US Troop numbers during the war reached 12 million men and women required a huge number of resources in order to keep up with military demands. Some of these additional resources include but are not limited to housing, subsistence, clothing, medical care, training, and transportation, not to mention the special equipment, arms, ammunition, and expensive weapons platforms that now included tanks, fighter and bomber aircraft, and naval aircraft carriers (Higgs). World War II had cost the US government ten times that of what World War I did which is why the government levied so many new taxes. The government continued to raise income taxes to the point that income taxes went from 23 percent up to 94 percent as the "class tax" grew into a "mass tax". Even after the federal government was bringing $43 billion dollars more in revenue, they still had to finance a large portion of the war through borrowing. This large amount of borrowing from other...
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...snow while dozens crawled away wounded. All across St. Petersburg, the same scenario played again and again; by the end of the day, 96 were dead and 333 were wounded. Upon hearing the news of his soldiers shooting and killing the crowd, the Tsar mourned, “A terrible day… God, how painful and awful!” After public outrage over Bloody Sunday, Nicholas II (1868-1918) issued the October Manifesto, granting civil liberties and...
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...CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION 1. The Tanzania Development Vision foresees that by the year 2025, “Tanzania should have created a strong, diversified, resilient and competitive economy, which can effectively cope with the challenges of development and, which can also easily and confidently adapt to the changing market and technological conditions in the regional and global economy”. The challenge is therefore to mobilise human and other resources towards that goal. 2. Economic Reform Programmes implemented by the Tanzanian Government have been based on the philosophy that Tanzania is committed to a market economy whereby the private sector will take the lead in creating incomes, employment and growth. On the other hand, the State will be a producer of public goods, play a regulatory role to level the playing field and create conducive environment for the private sector to take the lead in driving economic growth. This philosophy is evident in almost all policy statements made since 1986 and in particular after 1996. The private sector has started playing an ever- increasing role in creating incomes and employment. Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) account for a large share of the enterprises active in Tanzania. In fact Small and Medium Enterprises are the emerging private sector and do form the base for private sector-led growth. 3. SMEs, important as they are to the economy, have been facing a number of problems despite the on-going reform programmes. This...
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...Bureaucracy is derived from the word bureau, used from the early eighteenth century in Western Europe to refer not only to a writing desk, but to an office, or a workplace, where officials worked. The original French meaning of the word bureau was the baize used to cover desks. The Greek suffix kratia or kratos means "power" or "rule." Bureaucracy thus basically means office power or office rule, the rule of the officialdom. The term bureaucracy came into use shortly before the French Revolution of 1789, and from there spread rapidly to other countries. Webbers characteristics of bureaucracy 1. A formal hierarchical structure Each level controls the level below and is controlled by the level above. A formal hierarchy is the basis of central planning and centralized decision making. 2. Management by rules Controlling by rules allows decisions made at high levels to be executed consistently by all lower levels. 3. Organization by functional specialty Work is to be done by specialists, and people are organized into units based on the type of work they do or skills they have. 4. An "up-focused" or "in-focused" mission If the mission is described as "up-focused," then the organization's purpose is to serve the stockholders, the board, or whatever agency empowered it. If the mission is to serve the organization itself, and those within it, e.g., to produce high profits, to gain market share, or to produce a cash stream, then the mission is described as "in-focused." 5. Purposely...
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...anything a person who has completed his fifteenth a person age but who has has not completed completed his his "adolescent" means fifteen year of eighteenth year; 4*[(bb) "calendar year" means the period of twelve months beginning with the first day of January in any year;] (c) "child" means a person fifteenth year of age; who has not completed his 5*[(ca)] "competent person", in relation to any provision of this Act, means a person or an institution recognised as such by the Chief Inspector for the purposes of carrying out tests, examinations and inspections required to be done in a factory under the provisions of this Act having regard to(i) the qualifications and experience of the person and facilities available at his disposal; or (ii) the qualifications and experience of the persons employed in such institution and facilities available therein, With regard to the conduct of such tests, examinations and 2 inspections, and more than one person or institution can be recognised as a competent person in relation to a factory; (cb) "hazardous process" means any process or activity in relation to an industry specified in the First Schedule where, unless special care is taken, raw...
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...I T U T E [ Table of Contents CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ………………………. 1 I.1. Geographical Location ………………………. 2 I.2. Structure of GDP ………………………. 3 I.3. Economic policies ………………………. 4 A. Trade policy ………………………. 5 B. Industrial Policy ………………………. 6 C. Foreign Direct Investment Regime ………………………. 7 D. Privatization Policy ………………………. 8 E. Government Procurement Policy ………………………. 9 F. Labour Policy ………………………. 10 G. Competition Policy ………………………. 11 CHAPTER II NATURE OF MARKET/COMPETITION ………………………. 12 II.1 Agriculture ………………………. 13 II.2. Manufacturing ………………………. 14 II.2.1 Pharmaceutical Sector ………………………. 15 II.2.2 Toiletries Sector ………………………. 16 II.2.3 Tobacco Sector ………………………. 17 II.3 Financial Services ………………………. 18 II.4 Power ………………………. 19 II.5 Telecommunications ………………………. 20 II.6 Transportation ………………………. 21 II.7 Health Services ………………………. 22 CHAPTER III SECTORAL POLICIES ………………………. 23 III.1 Financial Services ………………………. 24 III.2 Power ………………………. 25 III.3 Telecommunications ………………………. 26 III.4 Transportation ………………………. 27 III.5 Observations ………………………. 28 CHAPTER IV CONSUMER POLICY ………………………. 29 CHAPTER V ANTI-COMPETITIVE PRACTICES PREVAILING IN BANGLADESH ……………...
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...10/21/13 Citizen Citizen’s Charters- A Handbook A Publication of the Government of India Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances and Pensions Department of Administrative Reforms and Public Grievances New Delhi, India Contents Sl.No. 1 The Citizen’s Charters : Indian Experience Basic Concept, Origin and Principles The International Scene The Indian Scene Comprehensive Website on Citizen’s Charter Exemplary Implementation of the Citizen’s Charter Evaluation of Citizen’s Charter Compendium on Citizen’s Charters in Government of India Regional Seminars Capacity-Building workshops Department-Specific Workshops Information and Facilitation Counters(IFCs) Problems faced in Implementing the Charters goicharters.nic.in/cchandbook.htm 1/45 Page No. 1 10/21/13 Citizen Lessons Learnt Future Vision: Development of Charter Mark II Formulation of Citizen’s Charter Rationale of a Citizen’s Charter Components of a Citizen’s Charter Formulation of Citizen’s Charters: A Road Map Citizen’s Charters-Model Guidelines Citizen’s Charters-General Structure Guidelines Dos and Don’t for Implementing the Charters What Makes a Good Charters Things to Remember A Model Format for Citizen’s Charter 9 III Duties and Responsibilities of Nodal Officers Duties and Responsibilities of Nodal Officers of Citizen’s charter in Central/State Governments/Ministries/ Departments/Public Sector Undertakings/Organisations for Formulation and Implementation of Citizen’s Charters ...
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...Juvenile Justice (Care and Protection of Children) Bill, 2014 April 20, 2015 The Railways (Amendment) Bill, 2014 February 13, 2015 Mandira Kala mandira@prsindia.org Prachee Mishra prachee@prsindia.org July 17, 2015 This Bill amends the principal Act passed in 2013. The Bill enables the government to exempt five categories of projects from the requirements of: (i) social impact assessment, (ii) restrictions on acquisition of multi-cropped land, and (iii) consent for private projects and public private partnerships (PPPs) projects. The five categories of projects are: (i) defence, (ii) rural infrastructure, (iii) affordable housing, (iv) industrial corridors, and (v) infrastructure including PPPs where government owns the land. The Act would apply retrospectively, if an award had been made five years earlier and compensation had not been paid or possession not taken. The Bill exempts any period when a court has given a stay on the acquisition while computing the five year period. The Act deemed the head of a government department guilty for an offence by the department. The Bill removes this, and adds the requirement of prior sanction to prosecute a government employee. Key Issues and Analysis The five types of projects being exempt from the provisions of social impact assessment, restrictions...
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...Federal Ministry of Health: A Study into the Information Management System and How Best the Ministry can Implement FOI Ordinance 2002 Consumer Rights Commission of Pakistan (CRCP) Centre for Civic Education, Pakistan (CCE) Implementation of Freedom of Information Ordinance 2002: A Case Study of Ministry of Health 1. Freedom of information is impossible to conceive in the absence of elaborate and efficient information and data management systems. Only when such systems are in place and are effectively implemented, it can be expected that information or data required for various purposes can be retrieved and put to use to support policies or relevant decisions. Lack of such systems creates a totally undesirable situation, which leads to uninformed decisions and policies, and the consequent failure of service delivery by related agencies. The significance of information and data management is, therefore, well established, and is given utmost importance in the developed countries. It is also crucial to make citizens’ right to know feasible and operational as data and information must exist and be properly indexed before it could be made accessible to the requesters. However, many developing countries suffer from serious difficulties in connection with information and data management systems. The related problems range between sheer nonexistence of crucial data to its poor maintenance, non-indexing, and loss. This state of affairs has serious implications for relevant...
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...Solution to the problem 4. Empowerment of macro & micro economy Empowerment of MSME The Government of India has enacted the Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Development (MSMED) Act, 2006 in terms of which the definition of micro, small and medium enterprises is as under: (I) Enterprises engaged in the manufacture or production, processing or preservation of goods as specified below: (i) A micro enterprise is an enterprise where investment in plant and machinery does not exceed Rs. 25 lakh; (ii) A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs. 25 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 5 crore; and (iii) A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in plant and machinery is more than Rs.5 crore but does not exceed Rs.10 crore. (II) Enterprises engaged in providing or rendering of services and whose investment in equipment (original cost excluding land and building and furniture, fittings and other items not directly related to the service rendered or as may be notified under the MSMED Act, 2006 are specified below. (i) A micro enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment does not exceed Rs. 10 lakh; (ii) A small enterprise is an enterprise where the investment in equipment is more than Rs.10 lakh but does not exceed Rs. 2 crore; and (iii) A medium enterprise is an enterprise where the investment...
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...Interview/Focus Discussion Guide Topic: Public Service Reforms in Kenya: A Case Study of the E-government INSTRUCTIONS: This tool seeks to obtain data on e-government in Kenya. The quality and effectiveness of this information is vital for the study. All information given will be treated with strict confidence. 1. The government of Kenya introduced the e-government program in June 2004, what would you describe as some of the key achievements over this past 10 years? 2. Based on your experience, would you say the government has done enough to leverage on ICT to improve service delivery? Explain 3. Implementation of e-government is thought to go through the following 4 stages: I) Catalogue stage (Online presence with a website, basic information and downloadable forms) II) Transaction stage (the public can make requests, process applications, make returns etc and get feedback from the government online) III) Vertical integration stage (services provision at different functional levels are linked through a shared database) IV) Horizontal integration (One –Stop –Shop, service delivery arms of government are connected to a shared database through computer interphases). From these four stages, where will you place our current e-government platform? Explain why 4. a) What would you say have been the main challenges in implementing the e-government program over the past 10 years? b) Any proposals on how these challenges could...
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...Individual Assignment - Accounting II Session II, January 16, 2014 Chapters 15 & 16 Chapter 15: Questions 2,5,6,7 and 14 Question#2 What is the International Accounting Standards Board? Why has the board been unable to obtain uniform global application of its standards? Answer: The IASB is particularly interested in harmonization and is charged with the responsibility of establishing and gaining acceptance of international financial reporting standards. Cross-border differences in accounting and reporting create analysis and comparability problems between and among companies. The need for comparable information has led to the demand of harmonization. Question#5: It is important to understand the economic system for businesses before entering into a business relationship because. Economics are handled differently by governments around the world. Much of the time, the economic system is relevant to the form of government. Question #6: Provide an example showing how the following environmental forces affect accounting practices: A. Political and Legal Systems: Managers operating in or planning operations in foreign countries must monitor associated political risks. Political risk occurs because governments have the ability to shift asset ownership from the company to the government or because the company may be asked to relinquish control over operations due to government intervention. Laws enacted by foreign governments often have an impact on the...
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...OVERVIEW Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) occupy unique position in most of the countries especially in a developing country. They are a primary target for many countries desiring to stimulate economic growth and development. The SMEs sub-sector plays an increasingly dominant role in the technology assimilation and dissemination and in economic development in Bangladesh as well. In Bangladesh, SMEs playing a significant role for the development of our economy by creating employment opportunity and producing important alternative machines and machinery parts for saving huge foreign currency for our country. So as a part of our development strategy, we should intensify our efforts to develop this sector to grow industrial base and volume of foreign trade. As we know the in this age of globalization, it is impossible to stop the flow of foreign goods to any country. Only quality products can meet the challenges in global market. For meeting this situation SMEs need to upgrade their technological capabilities and production facilities in order to produce quality products at a competitive price. DEFINITION Small and medium enterprises or small and medium-sized enterprises (also: Small and Medium-sized Enterprises; acronym in the plural: SMEs; small and medium businesses or small and medium-sized businesses, acronym: SMBs; and variations thereof) are companies whose headcount or turnover falls below certain limits. Enterprises Fixed Capital Investment Employees Small ≤Tk...
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...(MSC Malaysia) is the government and major national initiative that was designed as a catalyst for the growth of ICT and to satisfy the country’s ambitions in producing fully develop status by the year 2020. In 1996, MSC was set to aimed to build competitive cluster of local ICT and attract word class companies with the passion of becoming a global ICT hub and multimedia variation, procedure and maintenance. The initiative spearheads a number of ICT projects that are intended to transform Malaysian society into a k-economy through the use of ICT including education, healthcare, commerce, governance and industries. The development of MSC has created a lot of incentives and policies that were designed...
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...HYDERABAD-1. 1 ::1:: ANDHRA PRADESH BEVERAGES CORPORATION LIMITED 1.0. INTRODUCTION: The Andhra Pradesh Beverages Corporation Limited (APBCL) was established in the year 1986 as a fully owned undertaking of the Government, with the main objective of supplying hygienic packed arrack to the licensees and is incorporated under Companies Act,1956. The Corporation had set up 22 field units for carrying arrack operations at capital outlay of Rs. 32.65 crores, various district locations with a total which includes buildings and civil works. The various fixed assets like Plant and Machinery other than buildings valued at Rs. 24.70 crores were transferred to the Corporation in the form of Debt and Equity in the ratio of 2:1. The authorised share capital of the Corporation is Rs.10 Crores and the paid up share capital as on date is Rs.833.37 lakhs. The erstwhile Arrack Bottling units are converted into IML Depots for the wholesale trading activities of IML & BEER. 2.0. OPERATIONS: 2.1. ARRACK PACKING OPERATIONS: (from 1-1-87 to 30-9-93) The Corporation commenced its commercial operations on 1-1-1987 and successfully handled the arrack packing operations from 1.1.1987 to 30.9.93 i.e. till the imposition of ban on arrack by the Government. 2.2. WHOLESALE TRADE OF IML & BEER: (from 1-1-94 to 12-1-95) In pursuance of the Act 15 of 1993 the Corporation took over the wholesale trade of IML and Beer in the State of Andhra Pradesh w.e.f. 1.1.1994 and successfully...
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