...IA#1 Cybercrime Law, Regulation, Effects on Innovation John Doe CSEC 620 Section 9022 Note: This paper was submitted through originality check websites. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Private Industry & Regulations 4 3. National Security Concerns 4 4. Methods 6 5. Impacts of Government Regulation 7 6. Compliance 8 7. Responsibility 9 8. The Real World 10 9. Conclusion 11 References 12 1. Introduction Cybersecurity and cybersecurity initiatives are commonplace in all aspects of our digital lives. Personal computers are still widely used, especially in the workplace, but mobile devices seem to be the preferred computing choice of the average person. This would include but not be limited to; smart phones, tablets, and laptops to name a few. Mobile devices have changed the digital landscape in a manner that could not have been predicted. This is because other than work or school related activities, most personal computers were used to play a few games, check email, and browse the internet. These activities eventually transitioned over to the aforementioned mobile devices. Now we mix in social media, and a whole new digital cyber-world has emerged. Talk about getting your head out of the clouds. We live in the cloud, literally and figuratively. What does this mean to the average consumer? Perhaps not much. Most people who operate in the digital world could probably care less about the underpinnings of cyberspace and...
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...Public Policy in Economics During week four Team C discussed the effects of externalities on market outcomes. The team reviewed different types of mergers - horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate mergers. The team also analyzed the effect of government interventions, taxation, and regulations on economic behavior. Effect of externalities on market outcomes When discussing the effect of market externalities, we are discussing how an organizations activity evolving around production or consumption may affect the well-being of personnel not involved. The term "externality" is derived from the reality that something or someone external of the action or transaction becomes affected by the production of consumption of the good. An externality can be negative if an organization generates costs, such as harm or distress for uninvolved people. Some examples of negative externalities are pollutants from tobacco smoking (second- hand smoke) and industrial facilities have a negative effect on the health and well-being of others. Smoking in restaurants has caused alarm such that smoking is banned from many eating establishments. A beneficial activity to uninvolved personnel is known as a positive externality. Professional sports, or sports in general tend to play an important role model for young athletes. Celebrity athletes influence young children to train hard, compete well, and strive to be the next superstar. Unforeseen, and third party influence, are the keywords;...
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...CHAPTER 21 UNDERSTANDING THE BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT: THE ECONOMICS OF REGULATION CHAPTER SUMMARY This chapter focuses on the economics of regulation. It starts by discussing why it is important for managers to understand the regulatory process. Three potential reasons for government intervention are presented (defining and enforcing property rights, redressing “market failures,” and redistributing wealth). The primary focus is on the “economic theory of regulation” which posits that regulation is demanded by special interest groups and supplied by self-interested politicians. Rational free riding on the part of voters allows well-organized coalitions to pass regulations that redistribute wealth in their favor. The chapter ends by discussing the managerial implications of this analysis and by presenting a case study World Motors. CHAPTER OUTLINE IMPORTANCE OF REGULATION TO MANAGERS Managerial Application: Europe Relaxes Its Labor Laws ECONOMIC MOTIVES FOR GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION Defining and Enforcing Property Rights Managerial Application: War and Hunger Managerial Application: Multinational Counterfeiting Redressing Market Failures Externalities Managerial Application: Alternative Dispute Resolution Managerial Application: Frivolous Lawsuits Managerial Application: Direct and Indirect Costs of the Food and Drug Administration Public Goods Monopoly Historical Application: Interstate Commerce Commission ...
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...Introduction Cybercrime targets both government and private industries with various methods and motives behind them. Those various attack methods can make a significant damage ranging from an individual identity theft based scale to national scale concerning its security as a sovereign nation. In other words, cybercrime equally brings serious concerns for both private industries and government. Also, private industries have an interchangeable relationship with government agencies as client to provide services. Most of utilities-related critical infrastructure systems in every city are mostly managed by private organizations. As we are more depending on technological management of such critical infrastructure and centralization of such system throughout the network, cybercrime targeting those critical infrastructures can have detrimental effects for both private and government sectors. There has been a steady increase in numbers of cybercrime with its benefits over the traditional crime in the past decades. Cyber criminals are getting smarter and equipped with more resources with every passing days and are becoming bigger threats. Therefore, it is important to scrutinize those cybercrime-related issues as well as to delve into planning a well-thought out countermeasure for both private and government sectors in various aspects for betterment of safer society of the information era. In this paper, Part I addresses how government intervention justifies telling private industry how...
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...loss triangle — a geometric representation of the welfare cost in terms of misallocated resources caused by a deviation from a supply/demand equilibrium. The cost of taxation includes the direct cost of revenue paid, lost surplus, and administrative cost. Interestingly, in terms of aesthetics, people have come to like the style of Paris roofs; it is one of the many things that makes Paris distinct. Including aesthetics complicates the analysis enormously. Economic reasoning is based on the architectural view that form follows function. Who Bears the Burden of a Tax? Taxes are like hot potatoes: Everyone wants to pass them on to someone else. Nobody wants to pay taxes, and there are usually large political fights about whom government should tax. For example, should the Social Security tax (mandated by the Federal Insurance Contributions Act, or FICA) be placed on workers or on the company that hires them? The supply/demand framework gives an unexpected answer to this question. Burden Depends on Relative Elasticity The person who physically pays the tax, however, is not necessarily the person who bears the burden of the tax. In reality, the tax burden is rarely shared equally because elasticities are rarely equal. The relative burden of the tax follows this general rule: The more inelastic one’s relative supply and demand, the larger the burden of the tax one will bear. elasticity is a measure...
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...is arguably the most popular search engine used on the internet. The company offers superior search results and clearly employs workers with innovative ideas that can keep the company ahead of the competition. However Google’s own mission statement requires that it “Do no evil,” meaning that it has made readily available the tools that have made the company successful. The Justice Department would like to categorize Google as a monopoly, but due to its open book reporting and its development of additional services, proving monopolistic status would be difficult and perhaps ineffective. A monopoly is defined as “a firm that is the sole seller of a product without close substitutes” (Mankiw, 507). Within recent years the major internet company, Google, has come under fire with speculation and outright accusations that it is a monopoly in the services it provides. Google maintains that the company has direct competition and that because its practices and formulas are readily available to the competition, the company cannot be considered a monopoly. The Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 issued a maximum threshold of 70% of shares in any given industry. While Google argues that it cannot be held responsible for their competitors’ inability to employ the techniques used by Google itself, they cannot argue with the fact that they hold 70% of the share of search advertising and 67% of general search share. If the government focuses on these numbers along with Google’s unprecedented...
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...according to the laws of supply and demand. Price is the amount of money given or asked for when goods and services are bought or sold. Demand is the amount or quantity of goods and services that consumers are willing to buy at various prices. The higher the price, the fewer consumers will buy an item. The lower the price, the more consumers will buy an item. Supply is the amount of goods and services that producers will provide at various prices. Demand and supply work together. When the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied meet, the price is called the equilibrium price. A market economy is also called capitalism, or private enterprise. In a capitalist system, resources are privately owned. In a capitalist system, the primary role of government is to support the marketplace by removing obstacles such as trade barriers. A market economy offers incentives, such as competition and the profit motive, to produce more. The constant demand for new goods and services encourages entrepreneurship. The problem with a market economy is that owners and producers reap the most rewards. Another problem with a market economy is that unskilled workers and older adults are often unable to afford basic needs such as health care. Another problem with a market economy is that a small number of large companies can join forces to...
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...p. 9.1) A market structure that has only one seller of a product with no close substitutes is considered a monopoly. Many firms selling differentiated products with easy entry and exit in the industry are called monopolistic competition. A few firms competing with mutual interdependence in the market is called oligopoly. The structure called oligopoly is sometimes viewed as a shared monopoly. (Amacher & Pate, 2013, p. 11.4) Internet providers would fall into this category; they seem to offer the same service at relatively the same price level. There seems to be obstacles of government regulations and licensing that help to deter new competition from entering the market. The two providers are Mediacom, with cable Internet, and AT&T, with DSL or phone line. Satellite Internet companies say that the signal is weakened in this area and do not recommend its use. The use of these barriers have provided the Internet providers to become very profitable at the expense of its customers, possibly even discouraging some people from using the Internet...
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...“Censorship of the Internet”, explain how Censorship can work in some instances but in others it can be a detriment to society. Introduction Since electronic devices such as computer, smart phone and tablet have generalised and the number of internet users is getting bigger, internet contains tremendous amount of information from trivial one to even significant information that could occur a social problem. Every information is exposed through the internet and people could touch those information easily. As these reasons, government wants to control and monitor the internet access in many nations, including North Korea, Iraq, China, Myanmar, Syria, Turkey, Vietnam, Uzbekistan, Maldives, and Tunisia so on. This, government control or suppression of what can be gain access to, distributed, or watched on the internet, is called internet censorship. The definition of internet censorship is a way used by government or religious institutions to supervise or regulate the public access to offensive or harmful materials (Turban, 2012) This topic is very sensitive subject to decide whether it should exist or not. There is a sharp division of belief between people who approve and disapprove. This report is going to illustrate how the censorship works by some method, why the internet censorship is necessary, and the disadvantages of internet censorship, finally it talks about examples and current situation of internet censorship in the world. Necessity of internet censorship The...
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...be that two or more of the top super-powers would have to come together in a merger. The less drastic measure would be for one of the companies to further expand their operations. According to Ftc.gov, in order to compete in modern markets, competitors sometimes need to collaborate. It also states that competitive forces are driving firms toward complex collaborations to achieve goals such as expanding into foreign markets, funding expensive innovation efforts, and lowering production and other costs. Government regulation plays a role in the economies of businesses using the Anti-trust Law. With origins around 1890, the Anti-trust laws are intended to promote free competition in the marketplace by outlawing monopolies. A monopoly occurs when one group has exclusive control of the means of producing or selling a commodity or service (Transactions and Strategies, 2011, p 168). To explore the world of merging retailers in our industry, we will look at government regulation in the retail industry and why...
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...This week marks a pivotal point in the history of the Internet. Monday was the 25th anniversary of the first .COM registration—and in some ways, the beginning of the commercial Internet. Yesterday, the Federal Communications Commission unveiled its long-awaited National Broadband Plan, which proposes ambitious subsidies to encourage broadband deployment. On the theory that unease about online privacy may discourage broadband adoption, the Plan also calls for increased regulation of how websites collect, and use, data from consumers. The debate over how to regulate online data use has gone on for over a decade, leading to today’s final “Roundtable” in the “Exploring Privacy” series held by the Federal Trade Commission over the last three months. The stakes in this debate are high: Data is the lifeblood of online content and services, and consumers will ultimately bear the cost of restrictions on data use in the form of reduced advertising funding for, and innovation in, online content and services. That’s why this week’s most important technology policy event may ultimately prove to be today’s Senate Commerce Committee hearing on Rep. Barney Frank’s “Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2009” (H.R. 4173), which narrowly passed the House in December without a single hearing and no real debate. Although the sprawling (273,579 word) bill is mostly famous for creating a Consumer Financial Protection Agency, it would also, in just 613 words, “put the FTC on steroids...
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...de Freitas Academic year 2012/2013 Academic English and Skills Semester 1, period 3 Regulations on food and beverage marketing to children Ieva Margevica 10360956 During the last twenty years marketing to children has become a vigorous tendency. As claimed by Schor (2004, p. 21), in 1980s companies used to spend 100 millions of dollars on marketing to kids. Whereas today, according to Eggerton (2007) in Linn’s and Novosat’s (2008, p. 134) research, this number has reached 15 billions of dollars, expended only on food and beverage marketing directed at youth. Additionally, in the last decades, as stated by de Onis, Blossni and Blogher (as cited in Carter, Petterson, Donovan, Ewing & Roberts, 2011), obesity and other health problem rates among kids have been rising along with the marketers’ attention to children. These simultaneously growing processes have led to the debates of marketers’ responsibility related to increasing rates of childhood obesity, diabetes and food preference distortion (Linn & Novosat, 2008, p. 134; Carter et al., 2011, p. 962; Boyland & Halford, in press, p. 1). As acknowledged by Carter’s et al. (2011, pp. 962-968) research, children are a vulnerable and easily persuadable group of society, which should be protected from marketing’s aspirations. In accordance with Boyland and Haford (in press, p. 2), the adopted regulations deviate between countries. With regard to previous studies about drawbacks, beneficial sides of existing...
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...distributors, suppliers, our competitors, etc. 3. The macro-environment e.g. Political (and legal) forces, Economic forces, Sociocultural forces, and Technological forces. These are known as PEST factors. PEST Political Factors The political arena has a huge influence upon the regulation of businesses, and the spending power of consumers and other businesses. You must consider issues such as: * How stable is the political environment? * Will government policy influence laws that regulate or tax your business? * What is the government’s position on marketing ethics? * What is the government’s policy on the economy? * Does the government have a view on culture and religion? * Is the government involved in trading agreements such as EU, NAFTA, ASEAN, or others? * Political stability * Risk of military invasion * Legal framework for contract enforcement * Intellectual property protection * Trade regulations & tariffs * Favored trading partners * Anti-trust laws * Pricing regulations * Taxation - tax rates and incentives * Wage legislation - minimum wage and overtime * Work week * Mandatory employee benefits * Industrial safety regulations * Product labeling requirements Economic Factors Marketers need to consider the state of a trading economy in the short and long-terms. This is especially true when planning for international marketing. You need to look at: *...
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...Keynesian Economics, Helping the US Economy Keynesian philosophy states that in order to manage economic downturns, government intervention in the economy is imperative. It was Keynesian Economic Philosophy that kept America out of another depression during the Great Recession due to the fiscal and monetary stimulus (Seidman 32-53, 22p). By examining the government’s need for spending money on welfare, cutting taxes, regulating and monitoring the financial markets, and government spending on military, America sees how a Keynesian approach is a necessity. The American Government needs to continue using the Keynesian model in order to enhance the performance of the economy. Keynesian Philosophy provides government assisted programs to those who qualify. One form of assistance is Welfare. Welfare provides benefits and economic assistance to low or no income Americans. With the dismal economy, there are now over 100 million people on welfare according to the Census Bureau; and this doesn’t include those receiving Social Security or Medicare (GOPUSAStaff). Food Stamps are one of many divisions of welfare. The food stamps program, also known as the Supplementary Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), helps low or no income citizens buy food. There are over 46 million people on SNAP as of June, 2012 (Luhby). That is more than one in seven Americans and more than 25% of eligible Americans do not participate in the food stamps program. There are millions of low-income seniors struggling...
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...EXPANSION AND MERGER 1 1. Explain why government regulation is needed, citing the major reasons for government involvement in a market economy. The consolidation of U.S. industry into increasingly powerful corporations spurred government intervention to protect small businesses and consumers. In 1890, Congress enacted the Sherman Antitrust Act, a law designed to restore competition and free enterprise by breaking up monopolies. In 1906, it passed laws to ensure that food and drugs were correctly labeled and that meat was inspected before being sold. In 1913, the government established a new federal banking system, the Federal Reserve, to regulate the nation's money supply and to place some controls on banking activities. The largest changes in the government's role occurred during the "New Deal," President Franklin D. Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression. During this period in the 1930s, the United States endured the worst business crisis and the highest rate of unemployment in its history. Many Americans concluded that unfettered capitalism had failed. So they looked to government to ease hardships and reduce what appeared to be self-destructive competition. Roosevelt and the Congress enacted a host of new laws that gave government the power to intervene in the economy. Among other things, these laws regulated sales of stock, recognized the right of workers to form unions, set rules for wages and hours, provided cash benefits to the unemployed and retirement...
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