...Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: The Pros and Cons of Section 703. The FISA Act was created to govern the gathering of foreign intelligence. In 1952, President Thurman established the National Security Agency within the department of defense. The NSA is the premiere signals intelligence agency. In the United States Intelligence Community, agency efforts are channeled through the Director of National Intelligence (DNI). The American intelligence community works closely with foreign intelligence agencies, especially on SIGINT matters. The members of the Cold War era UKUSA Agreement (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, United Kingdom, and the United States) also known as ‘Five Eyes’(FVEY), are partially close collaborators. In the 1950’s the Executive branch was largely in control and unchecked by the Legislative and Judicial branches on Foreign intelligence matters. Some surveillance policies were narrowed due to constitutional concerns. The authority for foreign intelligence was identified in the President’s inherent Article II of the Constitution powers and a key legal check on that authority was the Fourth Amendment. The fourth amendment as interpreted by...
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...the Federal Government has been to expand the use of Performance Based Service Acquisition (PBSA). Unfortunately, as whole, the Federal Government has been unable to achieve any of the PBSA targeted quotas as set forth by the Office of Management and Budget. BACKGROUND Performance Based Service Acquisition is a procurement method of contracting. It is structured around performance outcomes, objectives and measurable goals. The strategy of PBSA arose as a result of evolving Government practices to align with commercial business practices. PBSA employs a number of techniques, strategies and frameworks for the definition of program requirements, acquisition planning, competition management, performance measurement, contract structure, payment structure, and post-award contract monitoring and management. (“SARA Panel Draft Report,” 2006) In PBSA, the contractor is provided a Performance Work Statement (PWS) or a Statement of Objectives (SOO) in which the Government describes the end result. The contractor is also provided a Quality Assurance Surveillance Program (QASP) which specifies how and when the Government will assess the contractor’s performance of the tasks set forth in the PWS or SOO. (“Performance Based Service Acquisition,” 2009) In some cases, the contractor may be provided with the SOO and the contractor responds with a PWS and a QASP which is submitted for consideration in the development of the Government QASP. A Government-wide policy...
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...a Senate bill also introduced earlier in the month. The next day on October 24, 2001, the Act passed the House 357 to 66, with Democrats comprising the overwhelming portion of dissent. The following day on October 25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President Barack Obama used an Autopen to sign a four-year extension of three key provisions in the USA PATRIOT Act while he was in France. Its goals are to strengthen domestic security and broaden the powers of law-enforcement agencies with regards to identifying and stopping terrorists. The passing and renewal of the Patriot Act has been extremely...
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...a Senate bill also introduced earlier in the month. The next day on October 24, 2001, the Act passed the House 357 to 66, with Democrats comprising the overwhelming portion of dissent. The following day on October 25, 2001, the Act passed the Senate by 98 to 1, with Russ Feingold the only opposition. This act was signed then into law by former president George W. Bush on October 26, 2011, just six weeks after the September 11th attacks to the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. This act reduced restrictions in law enforcement agencies’ gathering of intelligence with the U.S. The act also expanded the definition of terrorism to include domestic terrorism. The Patriot Act made many changes to U.S. law, such as the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA), the Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986 (ECPA), the Money Laundering Control Act of 1986 and Bank Secrecy Act (BSA), as well as the Immigration and Nationality Act. It was strongly opposed by Senator, Russ Feingold; he was the only Senator to vote against the bill. The final Act had a number of sunsets that was supposed to expire on December 15, 2005. On May 26, 2011, President Barack Obama used an Autopen to sign a four-year extension of three key provisions in the USA PATRIOT Act while he was in France. Its goals are to strengthen domestic security and broaden the powers of law-enforcement agencies with regards to identifying and stopping terrorists. The passing and renewal of the Patriot Act has been extremely...
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...Situational Crime Prevention There are many strategies that can be considered situational crime prevention strategies. Pick one of the following crime reduction strategies. 1. Improved Street Lighting 2. Surveillance Cameras on street 3. Use of access control for buildings 4. Electronic merchandise tags 5. Red light cameras After picking one of the 5 techniques outlined above do some research on it. First state what the techniques does and why it would be hypothesized to decrease crime. Second discuss the effectiveness of the strategy. You may need to seek out academic journal articles through the library databases to answer these questions. Please cite your sources. This assignment is due Sunday night (2/21/16) at 11:59 pm. We will discuss what you find on Monday. This assignment is worth 20 points. Technology can be a double-edged sword. While innovation and upgrades can have many benefits, they can also be used to cause trouble. This is the case of using surveillance cameras on a street. Some see cameras as a breech on their privacy but they can also have advantages in certain situations. The first crime that comes to my mind is the Skylar Neese case in 2012. A teenager snuck out of her home in the middle of the night and ultimately ends up getting murdered by her two “best friends”. Her mother remembered that the apartment complex they lived in had cameras on the buildings. Even though they video was blurry it gave a great timeline to the officers...
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...accounted for 9.3 percent (CDC, 2011). This percentage of takes into account rape, incest, abusive relationships, and the health or life of the mother and baby. The reasons for abortions are what the government considers the most important for an abortion to be considered legal. Although limited reasons, other reasons were found for wanting an abortion such as not wanting a child or the inability to afford a child could possibly be a legitimate reasons. In fact, during that time the case of Roe v. Wade was being heard in court, nearly 55 million abortions were performed in the United States legally – which averages of about 1.5 million per year (Pazol, Creanga, Burley, & Jamieson, 2014). Thanks to Roe v. Wade abortion became partly legal because it was considered unconstitutional to women and violated their human rights (ProCon, 2015). It is clear that the government believes in their interests of protecting life versus the personal rights of women around the world. Women of all ages have the right to make critical decisions about their own bodies and when the government steps in and forbid women of their rights, it causes potential problems for everyone involved. Abortion still remains a hot topic 40 years after the decision was made on Roe v. Wade; but the government enforced restrictions on abortion proceedings (Center for Reproductive Rights, 2009). Some states even require transfer agreements between abortion clinics and hospitals during emergency...
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...books are banned and the firefighters do not fight fire but start them. Free thought is almost prohibited. People are punished for possessing books, poems, and other literature. In 50 years, our society will be a much different place with different developments in the technological world. Surveillance is already a tool used by law enforcement and I believe as time moves forward so will the want for more of a controlled environment for the population. The government is already holding on to millions of files, messages sent, and conversations. As Bradbury depicts how the government is involved in the population's life in Fahrenheit 451, America will resemble the society created by Bradbury. In Fahrenheit...
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...CCTV DEALERS CCTV Dealers Technology is a double-edged sword at the same time as innovation and enhancements could have numerous blessings for us, they can also be used to purpose hassle. Largest and the maximum apparent benefit of installing security cameras. as soon as they're located, you'll be able to see their effect on people nearly immediately. Even if they are positioned discreetly, you will begin feeling a experience of safety, which is priceless. Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) is a system wherein the circuit wherein the video is transmitted is closed and all of the elements (digicam, show video display units, recording gadgets) are immediately connected. This is in contrast to broadcast television wherein any receiver that is efficiently tuned can select up and display or keep the signal. Such specialized structures are not challenge to law by using the Federal Communications fee (FCC); but, protection cameras the usage of scrambled radio waves are in truth concern to commonplace service price lists and FCC situations of provider. in the past, these signals would be transmitted to a display equipped with a videocassette recorder, however those have been all but totally changed by using virtual video recorder (DVR) systems that can shop a ways more video and back up records robotically. Hidden cameras may be included into any CCTV network, and often are. They allow users to file crook behavior whilst criminals are on the lookout for well-known security cameras. They can...
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...Abstract Technological advances have affected the definition of the right to privacy more than any other right provided for under the Constitution. Technological advances have triggered many privacy right cases imputing infringement of Fourth Amendment rights. Many of these types of privacy infringement cases involve, among others, wire-tapping, internet-tapping and other cyber crimes. The Fourth Amendment essentially protects the privacy of individuals from unwarranted govermental intrusion. This paper compares and contrast public safety versus civil rights issues based on the impact of technological advances on individual privacy rights. Lost in the Matrix Introduction Technological advances have created ground-breaking ways in which individual privacy can be infringed upon. These innovative technological advances have, among other novel affects, increased the ability to gather and share information. This increased ability has nearly made it impossible to retain privacy. Database systems have become so advanced that much more information can be stored on these databases worldwide leaving individuals with no method of knowing or controlling what type of information about themselves are being accessed. Information privacy has become a major privacy rights issue in the criminal justice system. This paper compares and contrast public safety versus civil rights issues based on the impact of technological advances on individual privacy rights. Privacy Rights Laws ...
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...Kane Gibson BTEC level 3 Extended Diploma in Public Services (Uniforms) Unit 1 Government, Policies and the Public Service 14 January 2016 The impact of UK Government Policies on the Public Services Human rights Each UK citizen has certain rights, these include the rights to: Life, Prohibition of torture, Prohibition of slavery and forced labour, Liberty and security, A fair trial, No punishment without law, Respect for private and family life, Freedom of thought, conscience and religion, Freedom of expression, Freedom of assembly and association, Marry, Prohibition of discrimination, Protection of property, Education, Free elections, and Abolition of the death penalty. Environmental Air quality plan for reducing nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in Greater London urban area listing (UK0001) The Air quality plan is setting out what the government will be doing about improving the air quality in London as well as reduce nitrogen dioxide emissions. Another is “River Thames: application for registration of a launch” The government are setting out a registration for a powered boat to be in the river thames. The boats that are not included are Kayaks, canoes, and other non powered boats. The reason for this is to attempt reduction in emissions and other toxic wastes. All boats kept, rented, or let for hire must be registered with the Environment Agency (Inland Waterways) Order 2010 annually to calculate the amount of emissions entering the water. Affecting the military...
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...Criminal Justice Procedure Amber Irwin Michiels CRJ306 Instructor Petrov July 31, 2013 Criminal Justice Procedure The criminal justice procedure involves a number of steps that must be taken carefully to ensure that a criminal does not get away with a criminal act because of law enforcement's failure to carry out each step properly. It is also set in place to protect the innocent from being unlawfully convicted. The modern justice process begins with investigation. After a crime has been discovered, evidence is gathered at the scene when possible, and a follow up investigation attempts to reconstruct the sequence of activities. Although a few offenders are arrested at the scene of the crime, most are apprehended later. In such cases, an arrest warrant issued by a judge provides the legal basis for an apprehension by police. An arrest, in which a person is taken into custody, limits the offender's freedom. The Arrest is a serious step in the process of justice. Most arrests are made peacefully, but if a suspect tries to resist, a police officer may need to use force. During arrest and before questioning defendants are advised to the constitutional rights, also known as their Miranda rights. The criminal justice procedure begins with arrest, followed by the booking of suspects, arraignment, preliminary hearing, grand jury trial, pretrial hearings, the criminal trial, followed by sentencing. In this paper, I am also going to discuss constitutional protections for...
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...Define the Problem……………………………………………………………………..pg 3 Ethical Dilemma(s)/ Overall vision/strategy/ Impact if not addressed……..…pg. 4 Establishment of Criteria………………………………………………………………pg. 5 SWOT Analysis………………………………………………………………..pg. 5-8 Contributing Factors…………………………………………………….……..pg. 8 Identification of Possible Solutions…………………………………………..………..pg. 8 Contributing Factor 1 Solutions...………………………………………...…....pg. 8-9 Pros and Cons………………………………………………….………pg. 8-9 Contributing Factor 2 Solutions…………………………………….………….pg. 10 Pros and Cons…………………………………………………….……pg. 10 Contributing Factor 3 Solutions………………………………………………..pg. 10 - 12 Pros and Cons…………………………………………………………pg. 10 - 12 Contributing Factor 4 Solutions……………………………………..……….. pg. 12 Pros and Cons………………………………………………...……….pg. 12 - 13 Solution recommendation and defense…………………………………………..…..pg. 13 Solution 1……………………………………………………………….…..…pg. 13 - 14 Solution 2……………………………………………………………….……..pg. 14 - 15 Solution 3……………………………………………………………….…..…pg. 15 Solution 4……………………………………………………………….……..pg. 15 Execution of Solutions..………………………………………………………….…...pg. 16 Solution 1………………………………………………………………….…..pg. 16 - 17 Solution 2…………………………………………………………………..….pg. 17 Solution 3…………………………………………………………………..….pg. 18 Solution 4………………………………………………………………..…….pg. 18 - 19 Work Cited………………………………………………………………………..…..pg. 20 -21 II. Define the Problem Case 27: Rhino Capture in Kruger...
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...Define the Problem……………………………………………………………………..pg 3 Ethical Dilemma(s)/ Overall vision/strategy/ Impact if not addressed……..…pg. 4 Establishment of Criteria………………………………………………………………pg. 5 SWOT Analysis………………………………………………………………..pg. 5-8 Contributing Factors…………………………………………………….……..pg. 8 Identification of Possible Solutions…………………………………………..………..pg. 8 Contributing Factor 1 Solutions...………………………………………...…....pg. 8-9 Pros and Cons………………………………………………….………pg. 8-9 Contributing Factor 2 Solutions…………………………………….………….pg. 10 Pros and Cons…………………………………………………….……pg. 10 Contributing Factor 3 Solutions………………………………………………..pg. 10 - 12 Pros and Cons…………………………………………………………pg. 10 - 12 Contributing Factor 4 Solutions……………………………………..……….. pg. 12 Pros and Cons………………………………………………...……….pg. 12 - 13 Solution recommendation and defense…………………………………………..…..pg. 13 Solution 1……………………………………………………………….…..…pg. 13 - 14 Solution 2……………………………………………………………….……..pg. 14 - 15 Solution 3……………………………………………………………….…..…pg. 15 Solution 4……………………………………………………………….……..pg. 15 Execution of Solutions..………………………………………………………….…...pg. 16 Solution 1………………………………………………………………….…..pg. 16 - 17 Solution 2…………………………………………………………………..….pg. 17 Solution 3…………………………………………………………………..….pg. 18 Solution 4………………………………………………………………..…….pg. 18 - 19 Work Cited………………………………………………………………………..…..pg. 20 -21 II. Define the Problem Case 27: Rhino Capture in Kruger...
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...1) What are the pros & cons of the recommendations being suggested by the researcher? One of the recommendation given by the researcher is both employer and employee have legal responsibilities in ensuring the safety at work is established and practice. One of the advantage is that the employer and employee can work together to create a better environment in the workplace such as improving the cleanliness of the workplace, improve the air ventilation if the office is very humid which can cause stress among the workers and violence in workplace. For example, by decorating the office in a nice environment or playing soft music at workplace will help to reduce stress. As for the disadvantages is if there is such worker where does not want to work together may also cause conflicts in the workplace. Other than that, by enhancing the employee’s work life with job enrichment such as temporary job rotation among employees in the department have been recommended. Fresh excitement from the job rotation will provide employees with new feeling at work can help to reduce stress towards work violence. Apart from that, the disadvantages will be company might need to spend more time training the workers where they might be new in that particular department and might not be able to perform if they change the department. Furthermore, by working in group and have high value of co-operation among colleague is one of the recommendations given. By possess good personality styles and good personal...
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...Police Officers Wear Body Cameras: Pro or Con? Should police officers wear cameras while on duty to document their activities? The body camera is intended to provide an accurate, objective view of every event with a civilian. In an ideal situation, the camera would provide evidence of or discourage police misconduct while protecting officers against unfounded complaints of brutality or corruption. When unnamed black teenager Michael Brown was fatally shot by police, there was no body camera footage available. His death was followed by weeks of riots in the streets of Ferguson, Missouri and started the national debate about police conduct particularly when it involved Africa-Americans. While some witnesses to the events that evening support the officers account of self-defense, others argue that Michael...
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