...In the developing country, government may set the price for the product to control the economy and try to benefit the consumers. In some basic food like bread, the customers may put the ceiling price to that product. The ceiling price is the maximum price can be imposed by the government to be charged; therefore, that new price will be lower than the previous one, which can make the products more affordable for consumers. While setting the price ceiling, the government may experience one of the two situations: non-binding or binding price ceiling. If the price is set above the equilibrium market price, the price ceiling will not be binding. In the case of non-binding price ceiling, the quantity of supply is larger than the quantity of demand for bread. That can reduce the negative effects that can happen. Consumers will not have to wait for long line to get bread which can save their time and go back to work to make money. In this case, price ceiling prevents the black market that can sell the products in the very high price. The cost that the consumers have to pay is just the price of bread they purchase, let assume that it is one dollar. However, in the other case, binding price- ceiling, government actions can lead to many negative effects on the consumers. First of all, the shortage of bread may occur since many people now are able to buy breads- the quantity of demand is higher than the quantity of supply. Thus, it will cause the long line waiting to purchase breads. Consumers...
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...Hi A government is the system by which a state or community is controlled.[1] In the Commonwealth of Nations, the word government is also used more narrowly to refer to the collective group of people that exercises executive authority in a state.[2][3][4] This usage is analogous to what is called an "administration" in American English. Furthermore, especially in American English, the concepts of the state and the government may be used synonymously to refer to the person or group of people exercising authority over a politically organized territory.[5][6] Finally, government is also sometimes used in English as a synonym for governance. In the case of its broad associative definition, government normally consists of legislators, administrators, and arbitrators. Government is the means by which state policy is enforced, as well as the mechanism for determining the policy of the state. A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political systems and institutions that make up the organisation of a specific government. Government of any kind currently affects every human activity in many important ways. For this reason, political scientists generally argue that government should not be studied by itself; but s In political science, it has long been a goal to create a typology or taxonomy of polities, as typologies of political systems are not obvious.[7] It is especially important in the political science fields of comparative politics and international...
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...Governments tend to play the key role in the development of its economy. I think they can serve as the controller or the protector of their economy. India and Japan have been two successful countries that have redefined their economic stand point. Both countries have accomplished this goal with similar fashion. The government’s role has its similarities and differences in both countries and I will attempt to compare them. India and Japan have had land reforms that have gone through changes with success. At one point India had some land reforms that failed but government pushed for new strategy in the 1960’s. The Green Revolution permitted government to provide seeds and gave farmers access to subsidized fertilizer. Irrigation was the key element for success and only large farmers in the region were assured to receive it. According to Kesselemen, as a result of this strategy India became a self provider in food (Kesselmen 2010) After WW II, Japan redistributed its farmland to poor tenant farmers which reduced from thirty percent of farmers to five percent. According to Kesselmen, this reform expanded Japan’s domestic consumer markets and its middle class citizens (Kesselmen 2010). Regardless of the decline in farmers, Japan became a self provider in food like India. Agriculture is important for every independent country and I think both countries made smart decisions dealing with land reforms. In their own way the outcome was a success for both of their economies. By the...
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...National competitive advantage 1. Determinants of national advantage for industry are fourfold a. Factor conditions: nations position in factor of production necessary to compete in given industry (eg: skilled labor, infrastructure) b. Demand conditions: Nature of home demand for the industry’s product or services c. Related and supporting industries: Presence/Absence in nation of supplier industries and related industries that are international competitive d. Firm strategy: Conditions governing how companies create, organized ad managed and the nature of domestic rivalry 2. Porter’s model also included government influence and chance events – regards as important influences rather than determinants 3. Strong relationship between the four determinants and two influences over time foster national competitive advantage in various industries 4. Porter identifies some of the influencing factors that strengthen its contribution to national advantage of an industry Determinants | Influencers | Factor creation | 1. Stimulated by a cluster of domestic rivals 2. Stimulated by perceived national challenges 3. Priorities for factor-creating investment influence by home demand 4. Stimulated the creation of transferable factors by related and supporting industries | Home demand conditions | 1. Intense rivalry increases home demand and makes it more sophisticated 2. Group of rivals builds a national image and recognition as...
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...(A) What is a government? The word "government" is defined by the oxford English dictionary like: “the group of people with the authority to govern a country or state; a particular ministry in office”. A government is a very useful tool for organize the human society, because we need an orden system that manages all the efforts of the same for their own benefit and prosperity. The origin of the government lies in the State. In the beginnings, the human’s societies were small and were governed by the law of the stronger. If you could protect your properties, or even rob other, which would be fine because that was the normative. This is the state of nature, or what we call "Natural Law", where people organize themselves around self-sufficiency and self-interest, as well as self-survival. But, when the societies grew, became intolerable this type of behaviors. In a scenario where there is a government, people are organized in a society with rules or laws which govern their conduct. The state was created to protect the physical and material integrity of the members of a society. (B) Utility and functions of a government organized. In the human history, have existed many types of government, and some have been better than others, regarding the division of property and justice among different social strata comprising citizens who form the state, but all have been "organized" in one way or another. From my perspective, an organized government works as a social regulator, handing...
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...The way I would define “government” would have to be, the group of people who control and make decisions for a country/state, or a particular system used for controlling a certain country/state. For example, the United States’ government is a federal republic and a constitutional representative democracy. Now, for advantages and disadvantages of a “government”, this could vary by the different types of governments such as: our government (what I just stated), dictatorship, monarchy, and etc. Some of the advantages of our government are: #1-It protects the interests of citizens, which we have the right to vote on political, social, and economical issues as well as the representatives that they want to be in charge of major decisions (like the President) & #2-It promotes equality, which means that all members of a country or a state are equal in the eyes of the law. Every individual has the right to enjoy and experience equal economic, political, and social rights and the state is not allowed to discriminate citizens on the standard of sex, property, and religion. Now, some of the disadvantages of our government are: #1-The misuse of time and funds, like lots of money and time go into elections where it could go elsewhere and the possibility of being ruled by irresponsible and incompetent leaders who just waste public funds for their recreations and tours & #2-Wrong choice, not all individuals are aware of political and social circumstances in the country which could be...
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...In modern politics, a state is an association which has control over a geographic area or territory. States are seen as having three main pieces: * A territory * A people * Some institutions (which have the power to make rules). There are different forms of government a state can have, for example a republic or a monarchy. Sometimes states form their own countries. At other times many states work together to form a country (like the United States). Most states also have armed forces, civil service, law and police. Politics is the way that people living in groups make decisions. Politics is about making agreements between people so that they can live together in groups such astribes, cities, or countries. In large groups, such as countries, some people may spend a lot of their time making such agreements. These people are calledpoliticians. Politicians, and sometimes other people, may get together to form a government. The study of politics in universities is called political science, political studies, or public administration. In everyday life, the term "politics" refers to the way that countries are governed, and to the ways that governments make rules and laws. But politics can also be seen in other groups, too, such as in big companies, schools and churches. A territory (plural: territories, from the word terra, which means 'land') is an area which belongs to a person, organization, institution, animal, nation or state. Ininternational law, a "territory"...
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...Examine the three general functions of digital government and the means by which national, state and local government communicate with the public on the internet. What are the major obstacles to clear and effective transmission of messages on these media, and how can they best be remedied? The three general functions of the digital government to the public first is to provide information, second it allows the public to interact public officials and third it allows the public to request service. The digital government has major obstacles concerning a clear and effective transmission of media to the public. The digital government has allocated a large amount of money which has been spent on the development and implementation of software for the digital government that has yielded an insignificant product. The outcomes and effects of digital government are often difficult to gauge or unsatisfactory. The developments of new software for government sites have contained bugs or errors that require extensive testing. The testing is required so when the software is released to be used in the public it won’t crash crippling the websites. The government does not have the technical staff to keep up with the maintenance of the websites which become outsourced to several contractors. These contractors often do not communicate with each other and lack experience in creating a user friendly site. The digital government has many different platforms of web based sites for the public. The...
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...Intervention from Governments can occur in many ways and also for many reasons. The main reasons for policy intervention are; to correct for market failure, to achieve a more equitable distribution of income and wealth and to improve the performance of the economy. When we have to evaluate the effects of the legislations put in place by the government it is important to consider the type of legislation implemented, its size and also the type of market that it is placed into as there will be different benefits and drawbacks for every business. That is why one of the most important factors to consider is the people who are being impacted within the business to see whether the government legislation is desirable. Regulation may be used to introduce fresh competition into a market. When a new business (competitor) enters a market, which may already contain businesses with high market share it can be extremely hard to attract and keep consumers. In order to provide opportunity and a chance to new businesses the government will help them for example breaking up the existing monopoly power of a service provider. An example of this is the attempt to introduce more competition for British Telecom, with businesses such as talktalk, Sky and plus net. This is known as market liberalisation. Here it shows it depends on which business in the market to see whether it does provide a level playing field and if it is desirable. For the new businesses this intervention from the government is priceless...
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...Privatization of Government We have all heard politicians talk about the benefits of privatizing government can save money. In actuality, the savings are not always there. Obscured fees for items such as contract monitoring and sub-par administration can end up costing more than the cost to perform the same tasks in-house. The Government Finance Officers Association estimates that hidden and indirect fees add up to 25% of the actual contract price. The Government of Accountability office found that the way the consultants were conducting the financial reports make cost savings appear greater than they really were. In 2007, a survey by the International City/County Management Association, 52% of governments ended up bringing services back because the savings did not add up. In Wisconsin, the Legislative Audit Bureau revealed that Department of Transportation for the state ended up squandered well over $ 1 million dollars by outsourcing to private contractors. The report also revealed that 60% of the outsourced positions, had they been done in-house, would have not only been cost effective but also saved the state about $1.2 million. Another myth is that private corporations tend to do a better job than the local sector. However, studies show that many private contractors fail to deliver. Many companies even leave communities without the services promised or any way to recover any assets. Another downside to this with any private corporation, they main goal is profit, by...
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...E-GOVERNMENT E-government provide the information through technology without using overcome the physical bounds of traditional paper and physical based systems to enhance the access and give benefit to citizens, business partners and employee. E-government improves the delivery of government services to citizens and help increased transparency to better manage a country’s social and economic resources for development. E-government provide the new style of leadership, news of strategic management, new ways of transacting business, new ways of listening to citizens and communities and new ways of organizing and delivering information. E-government services aims to make interaction with citizens, business, government employee, government agencies and other governments more convenient, friendly, transparent, inexpensive and effective. E-government is establishment of long-term for all organization to improve strategic of fulfilling citizen needs by transforming internal operations such as employee, technology and work flow management. The result of e-government should efficient on their delivery and services to citizens, business, government employee and agencies. For the citizens and business, e-government is easy procedure and accelerates of the approval process. And for the government employee and agencies, it easy collaboration between agencies to ensure appropriate and timely decision making. The Developing World has identified five goals commonly pursued for e-government...
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...Progress Report to the American People OPEN GOVERNMENT “My Administration is committed to creating an unprecedented level of openness in government. We will work together to ensure the public trust and establish a system of transparency, public participation, and collaboration. Openness will strengthen our democracy and promote efficiency and effectiveness in government.” —President Barack Obama, January 21, 2009 TRANSPARENCY. PARTICIPATION. COLLABORATION. Table of Contents Let the Sun Shine In : Welcoming a New Era of Open Government Creating an Open Government in Practice The Open Government Directive: Hardwiring Accountability Open Government: Committed to Changing How Things Work Appendices Appendix 1: The Open Government Initiative: The Unprecedented Consultation Process that Shaped the Open Government Directive Appendix 2: Cabinet Department Open Government Projects in Service of National Priorities Appendix 3: Select Transparency Milestones Appendix 4: Select Participation Milestones Appendix 5: Select Collaboration Milestones 1 2 8 9 12 12 13 18 19 21 Let the Sun Shine In : Welcoming a New Era of Open Government For too long, the American people have experienced a culture of secrecy in Washington, where information is locked up, taxpayer dollars disappear without a trace, and lobbyists wield undue influence For Americans, business as usual in Washington has reinforced the belief that government benefits the special interests and the well connected...
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...1) What is Government Policy The term ‘government policy’ can be used to describe any course of action which intends to change a certain situation. Think of policies as a starting point for government to take a course of action that makes a real life change. Government uses policy to tackle a wide range of issues. In fact, it can make policies that could change how much tax you pay, parking fines, immigration laws and pensions. Law can also be changed by government, so when they create a policy it can be made to affect specific groups of people or everyone in our society. Government departments (such as education or finance), agencies (like Land and Property Services or the Housing Executive) and councils all make policies that affect our lives. These policies can be influenced in many ways: political parties or individual politicians lobbying decision makers in government voluntary organisations community groups public opinion public consultations the media 2) Influence to Population Government make policies to population or population policy to determine the principles, objectives and policies adopted by the State as regards population issues for the purpose of influencing the population status, including variables in population growth and its main elements (fertility, births, deaths, geographical distribution, immigration, population composition such as population youthfulness or rising rate of the elderly, as well as general issues relating...
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...Miracle Brown ENG 106 April 8, 2012 Professor Key Government Debt Governments get into debt each and every day. There are plenty of things that cause a government to get into debt. Many governments don’t let the public know about all the debt they have gotten the community into. Throughout this essay I plan to do a research on government’s debt and explain the many things and ways that cause them to get into such a bad situation. Everyone have their own opinions about how the government gets into debt. I feel that there are plenty of reasons that cause the government to get into the situation. For the past centuries, many people in America have dug themselves into a big hole which is national debt. So many people have gotten their selves into debt with the government that some of them can’t get out of it. Some people don’t tend to pay the government what they owe and end of owning millions of dollars in debt. The biggest national debt was in 1985 to 1995 when it went up to about three trillion dollars. When social welfare and social security began, the country went into debt. Many people have to admit that the nation or country gets into debt. I feel that the government tells us things to get into the office and don’t do what they say. I have seen plenty of people in America lie to get into the seat and then don’t do anything they stated in their campaign. Governments spend more money on unnecessary things and borrow unnecessary...
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...Q1. Market Failure: is to do with not having enough resources to produce enough goods and services needed neither by the government nor by the society, as a result of this failure, the government develop a role to intervene in the economy in order to overcome these problems. 1. Public goods: According to the business dictionary, public good is an item whose consumption is not decided by the individual consumer but by the society as a whole; and which is financed by taxation. A public good or service may be consumed without reducing the amount available for others and cannot be withheld from those who do not pay for it. E.g. parks, police services, fire services etc. Consumers have an incentive to not reveal their willingness and ability to pay for public goods if they believe that they will be expected or required to contribute to financing the public good accordingly by the government. After all, if the public good is supplied, it will be available to them just as it would be to anyone else because pure public goods are non-excludable. This is the essence of the “free rider problem”: the incentive which consumers have to avoid contributing to financing public goods in proportion to their valuation of such good. Good examples to use include TV licence dodgers and people who choose to evade the Council Tax but who still receive local authority services. Another example might be a group of residents in a block of flats who all stand to benefit from the refurbishment of an...
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